1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 First edition 2011-07-15Information technology JPEG XR image coding system Part 1: System architecture Technologies de linformation Systme de codage dimage JPEG XR Partie 1: Architecture du systme ISO/IEC TR
2、 29199-1:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
3、 ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 29199-1:20
4、11(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Abbreviations 6 4 The JPEG XR image coding system 7 5 General overview of technical design 7 5.1 Basic technology structure . 7 5.2 Supported image format types . 8 5.3 Decoded image structure
5、and interpretation 9 5.4 Data processing hierarchy and structures 10 5.5 The JPEG XR transform structure and hierarchy 11 5.6 Handling of image and tile boundaries . 13 5.7 Quantization and lossless representation 13 5.7.1 Overall quantization design concepts 13 5.7.2 Quantization control on a spati
6、al region basis . 14 5.7.3 Quantization control on a frequency band basis 14 5.7.4 Quantization control on a colour plane component basis . 14 5.7.5 Quantization control type combinations . 14 5.8 Prediction of transform coefficients and coded block patterns 14 5.9 Adaptive ordering of coefficient s
7、canning pattern . 15 5.10 Entropy coding of transform coefficients . 15 5.11 Codestream structure . 16 6 JPEG XR design in relation to baseline JPEG and JPEG 2000 . 17 6.1 General 17 6.2 Image area p a rtition s 18 6.3 Image fidelity refinement . 18 7 High dynamic range (HDR) image coding 18 7.1 HDR
8、 formats supported in JPEG XR . 18 7.2 HDR signal processing design in JPEG XR 19 7.3 Examples of HDR applications for JPEG XR 19 8 JPEG XR profiles and levels 19 8.1 Overview of profiles and levels 19 8.2 Sub-Baseline profile 20 8.3 Baseline profile 20 8.4 Main profile . 20 8.5 Advanced profile . 2
9、0 8.6 Levels . 21 9 JPEG XR encoding practices . 21 9.1 General encoding guidelines 21 9.2 Encoding for random access 21 9.3 Guidelines for tile size selection . 22 10 The JPEG XR decoding process functionality . 23 10.1 JPEG XR decoding process structure . 23 10.2 Output colour conversion . 24 10.3
10、 Resolution scalability at decoder . 24 10.3.1 General 24 10.3.2 DC-only image decoding 24 ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved10.3.3 DC plus LP image decoding . 24 10.4 Quality scalability at decoder . 25 10.5 Spatial random access at decoder 25 11 JPEG XR codestream compr
11、essed-domain manipulation . 25 11.1 General . 25 11.2 Flexbits trimming 26 11.3 Flexbits and HP band elimination . 26 11.4 Flexbits and HP and LP band elimination 26 11.5 Spatial versus frequency codestream mode switching . 26 11.6 Rotation and flip 26 11.7 Compressed-domain region of interest extra
12、ction 26 11.8 Switching between interleaved and planar alpha planes . 27 11.9 Compressed-domain retiling 27 ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the
13、specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technic
14、al committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Inte
15、rnational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for vot
16、ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state o
17、f the art”, for example), it may decide to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review every five years in the same manner as an International Standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen
18、t may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia
19、information. ISO/IEC TR 29199 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology JPEG XR image coding system: Part 1: System architecture Technical Report Part 2: Image coding specification Part 3: Motion JPEG XR Part 4: Conformance testing Part 5: Reference software TEC
20、HNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology JPEG XR image coding system Part 1: System architecture 1 Scope This document is a non-normative Supplement | Technical Report providing a technical overview and encoding and decoding practice guideline
21、s for the JPEG XR image coding system as normatively specified in ITU-T Rec. T.832 | ISO/IEC 29199-2, ITU-T Rec. T.833 | ISO/IEC 29199-3, ITU-T Rec. T.834 | ISO/IEC 29199-4, and ITU-T Rec. T.835 | ISO/IEC 29199-5. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and def
22、initions apply. 2.1 adaptive coefficient normalization parsing sub-process where transform coefficients are dynamically partitioned into a VLC-coded part and a fixed-length coded part, in a manner designed to control (i.e., “normalize“) bits used to represent the VLC-coded part NOTE The fixed-length
23、 coded part of DC coefficients and low-pass coefficients is called FLC refinement and the fixed- length coded part of high-pass coefficients is called flexbits. 2.2 adaptive inverse scanning parsing sub-process where the zigzag scan order associated with a set of transform coefficients is dynamicall
24、y modified, based on the statistics of previously-parsed transform coefficients 2.3 adaptive VLC parsing sub-process where the code table associated with VLC parsing of a particular syntax element is switched, among a finite set of fixed tables, based on the statistics of previously-parsed instances
25、 of this syntax element 2.4 alpha image plane optional secondary image plane associated with an image of the same dimensions as the luma component of the primary image plane NOTE The alpha image plane has one component, a luma component. 2.5 block mn array of samples, or an mn array of transform coe
26、fficients 2.6 block index integer in the range 0 to 15 identifying, by its position in raster scan order, a particular 44 block within a partition of a 1616 block into 16 44 blocks ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved2.7 byte sequence of 8 bits 2.8 chroma component of the pr
27、imary image plane with non-zero index, or the transform coefficients and sample values associated with this component 2.9 codestream sequence of bits contained in a sequence of bytes from which syntax elements are parsed, such that the most significant bit of the first byte is the first bit of the c
28、odestream, the next most significant bit of the first byte is the second bit of the codestream, and so on, to the least significant bit of the first byte (which is the eighth bit of the codestream), followed by the most significant bit of the second byte (which is the ninth bit of the codestream), a
29、nd so on, up to and including the least significant bit of the last byte of the sequence of bytes (which is the last bit of the codestream) 2.10 component array of samples associated with an image plane 2.11 context possible value of a specific instance of a context variable 2.12 context variable va
30、riable used in the parsing process to select which data structure is to be used for the adaptive VLC parsing of a given syntax element 2.13 DC coefficient first subset when the transform coefficients, that are contained in a specific macroblock and a specific component, are partitioned into 3 subset
31、s 2.14 DC-LP array array of all DC and low-pass transform coefficients, for all macroblocks associated with a specific component 2.15 decoder embodiment of a parsing process and decoding process 2.16 decoding process process of computing output sample values from the parsed syntax elements of the co
32、destream 2.17 dequantization process of rescaling the quantized transform coefficients after their value has been parsed from the codestream and before they are presented to the inverse transform process 2.18 encoder embodiment of an encoding process 2.19 encoding process process of converting sourc
33、e sample values into a codestream ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 32.20 file finite-length sequence of bytes that is accessible to a decoder in a manner such that the decoder can obtain access to the data at specified positions within the sequence of bytes (e.g. by storin
34、g the entire sequence of bytes in random access memory or by performing “position seek“ operations to specified positions within the sequence of bytes) 2.21 file format specified structure for the content of a file 2.22 fixed-length code (FLC) code which assigns a finite set of allowable bit pattern
35、s to a specific set of values, where each bit pattern has the same length 2.23 FLC refinement fixed-length coded part of a DC coefficient or low-pass coefficient that is parsed using adaptive fixed-length codes 2.24 flexbits fixed-length coded part of the high-pass coefficient information which is p
36、arsed using adaptive fixed-length codes 2.25 frequency band collective term for one of the following three subsets of the transform coefficients for an image, which are separately parsed: DC coefficients, low-pass coefficients, and high-pass coefficients 2.26 frequency mode codestream structure mode
37、 where the DC, low-pass, high-pass and flexbits frequency bands for each tile are grouped separately 2.27 hard tiles codestream structure mode where the overlap operators are not applied across tile boundaries; instead, boundary overlap operators are applied at tile boundaries 2.28 high-pass coeffic
38、ient third subset, when the transform coefficients that are contained in a specific macroblock and a specific component are partitioned into 3 subsets 2.29 image result of the decoding process, consisting of a primary image plane and an optional alpha image plane 2.30 image plane collective term for
39、 a grouping of the components of the image 2.31 internal colour format colour format associated with the spatial-domain samples obtained through the inverse transform process and the sample reconstruction process, and distinguished from the output colour format associated with the output formatting
40、process ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved2.32 inverse core transform (ICT) two steps of the inverse transform process that involve processing of transform coefficients associated with each macroblock independently, with no overlap filtering 2.33 inverse transform process
41、part of the decoding process by which a set of dequantized transform coefficients are converted into spatial-domain values 2.34 inverse scanning process of reordering an ordered set of parsed syntax elements from the codestream to form an array of transform coefficients associated with a specific co
42、mponent and macroblock 2.35 low-pass coefficient second subset, when the transform coefficients that are contained in a specific macroblock and a specific component are partitioned into 3 subsets 2.36 luma component of an image plane with index zero, and the transform coefficients and sample values
43、associated with this component NOTE Although this term is commonly associated with a signal that conveys perceptual brightness information, as used in this International Standard the term is primarily an identifier of a particular array of samples or transform coefficients for an image. 2.37 macrobl
44、ock collection of transform coefficients or samples, across all components, that have the same indices i and j with respect to a macroblock partition 2.38 macroblock partition partitioning of each component, into 1616, 88, or 168 blocks, depending on the internal colour format 2.39 output bit depth
45、representation, including the number of bits and the interpretation of the bit pattern, used for the sample values of the output image that are the result of the decoding process 2.40 output colour format colour format associated with the output image that is the result of the decoding process 2.41
46、output formatting process process of converting the arrays of samples (that are the result of the sample reconstruction process) into the output samples that constitute the output of the decoding process NOTE This specifies a conversion (if necessary) into the appropriate output colour format and ou
47、tput bit depth. 2.42 overlap filtering steps of the inverse transform process that involve processing of transform coefficients across adjacent blocks and macroblocks ISO/IEC TR 29199-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 5NOTE When overlap filtering is applied, it is applied across macroblock
48、boundaries as well as block boundaries. When the codestream uses soft tiles, the overlap filtering is also applied across tile boundaries. Otherwise, overlap filtering does not occur across tile boundaries. 2.43 parsing process process of extracting bit sequences from the codestream, converting thes
49、e bit sequences to syntax element values, and setting the values of global variables for use in the decoding process 2.44 prediction process of computing an estimate of the sample value or data element that is currently being decoded 2.45 primary image plane image plane that consists of all image components that are not a part of the alpha image plane 2.46 quantization parameter (QP) value used to compute the scaling factor for the dequantization of a transform coefficient, before the inverse transform process is a
