1、 First edition 2008 ISO/IEC 2008 GUIDE 77-1 Guide for specification of product properties and classes Part 1: Fundamental benefits ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed bu
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6、 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Product data in the supply chain 2 2.1 General. 2 2.2 Business cont
7、ext 2 2.3 Goal and solution 3 2.4 International standardization activities 4 2.5 Benefits 6 3 Procedure for creating reference dictionaries.7 3.1 General. 7 3.2 Building a reference dictionary. 7 3.3 Resources required 8 3.4 Maintenance 9 4 Technical aspects. 9 Annex A (informative) Assessment of sa
8、vings potential . 11 Annex B (informative) Technical expertise and guidance . 13 Bibliography . 14 ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies
9、). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and no
10、n-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par
11、t 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s
12、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC Guide 77-1 was prepared by the Joint Technical Advisory Group of the ISO Technical Management Board and the IEC Standardization Management Board on product properties and families. ISO/I
13、EC Guide 77 consists of the following parts, under the general title Guide for specification of product properties and classes: Part 1: Fundamental benefits Part 2: Technical principles and guidance Part 3: Experience gained ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction
14、Business processes are increasingly being conducted electronically, a situation which applies to internal processes as well as to the interfaces with external partners. Product data is currently defined predominantly on a system-specific or organization-specific basis, usually without the general ex
15、changeability of the data being taken into account. On the originator side, this results in costly multiple definition and data storage for different addressees or customers and, on the recipient side, in repeated data editing and system integration of data from different sources combined with inher
16、ent, costly interpretation and conversion errors. Hence, there is a massive opportunity here for rationalization. From the market side, pressure is increasingly being exerted to supply product data in electronic form and as this pressure grows, it will have a considerably impact on all businesses. F
17、or these reasons, a seamless exchange of product data, i.e. an exchange that is free from media discontinuities requires a unified, joint approach both for exchanging internal product data within a company and for exchanging product data with suppliers and customers. Information about a product is g
18、enerated over the entire life cycle of the product, from the idea, planning and design stages, through the manufacture, marketing, service and use stages, to product disposal. Information is required in the course of many process steps, both during product manufacture and sales and during product ut
19、ilization (e.g. for maintenance and service) and recycling. Therefore, a harmonized, consistent process for preparing and disseminating relevant information about a product (across all organization and information systems) is of critical importance, as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Example of pr
20、oduct life cycle and information transfer This calls for the use of a methodology that allows product descriptions to be produced in a standardized, computer-sensible form that is acceptable over a wide range of industrial systems. Such a methodology is provided by IEC 61360-1 and ISO 13584-42. This
21、 methodology should be proactively promoted both internally in a company and externally between the business partners so that it becomes standard practice, thereby increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of electronic business processes. A company should respond to these external and intern
22、al requirements and ensure that electronic product data is supplied in a coordinated and inexpensive manner. This includes the provision of uniform data (i.e. product properties) for catalogues, electronic marketplaces, computer-aided design/computer-aided systems (CAD/CAx systems), product data man
23、agement (PDM) systems, etc. To this end, rules for harmonization have been laid down. A common internal database is required to ensure the cost-effective utilization and distribution of this product data, both internally in a company and externally between the business partners. ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2
24、008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Guide for specification of product properties and classes Part 1: Fundamental benefits 1 Scope ISO/IEC Guide 77 provides recommendations for standardization committees for the description of products and their properties for the creation of computer processa
25、ble product libraries, catalogues and reference dictionaries. This description will provide the details of the products and their properties in an unambiguous manner capable of computer communication, in a form that is independent from any proprietary application software. NOTE 1 The term “product”
26、is taken to include devices, processes, systems, installations, etc. ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to assist the objective of enabling the flow of technical information between internal and external business partners in a cost-effective and timely manner. The guidance given in this part of ISO/IEC Gu
27、ide 77 is intended to assist convenors and members of ISO and IEC Technical Committees, as well as managers and technical experts in the manufacturing industry. This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to provide an overview of the needs and benefits and the process of creating product libraries, c
28、atalogues and reference dictionaries. The following are within the scope of this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77: international standardization activities related to reference dictionaries; benefits of reference dictionaries to International Standards; a procedure for creating reference dictionaries; resou
29、rces required; assessment of savings; sources of information and expertise. The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC Guide 77: technical guidance for the creation of product libraries and dictionaries; NOTE 2 Technical guidance for the creation of product libraries and dictionarie
30、s is provided in ISO/IEC Guide 77-2. case studies from experiences in the creation of dictionaries of product information in industrial practice. NOTE 3 Experience gained in the creation of product libraries and dictionaries is provided in ISO/IEC Guide 77-3. Reference dictionaries can be useful in
31、the context of product data in the supply chain, as well as in the business context of product data management. This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is for guidance only and is intended to support activities such as education. ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved2 Product data in t
32、he supply chain 2.1 General This part of ISO/IEC Guide 77 is intended to assist technical standards committees and subcommittees, together with their working groups and project teams, who wish to describe products covered by their standards in a computer-sensible form. This can also be useful for th
33、e following groups: suppliers of products who wish to describe them in catalogues, data sheets, etc.; information brokers and distributors; end users who wish to build corporate databases. Information on products is required at all stages of the life cycle of the product, from initial concepts throu
34、gh design and development to manufacture, then sales and marketing, followed by use of the product, which may entail maintenance, and finally to withdrawal from use, decommissioning and recycling. For all these phases in the life of a product, different requirements apply, resulting in different vie
35、ws on the product information, where each view may require a specific set of properties and their related product data. As well as the need for product data to be created, they also need to be communicated along the supply chain from the original manufacturer through to the end user and be capable o
36、f storage and retrieval for reference purposes. 2.2 Business context 2.2.1 General Traditionally, product data have been made available as paper-based data sheets and catalogues. With the rapid increase in the use of IT tools for capturing, transmitting and using such data, there is an increasing de
37、mand for the data to be supplied from the outset in computer-sensible form, in order to avoid the delays and errors inherent in transcribing data from a paper-based form into a machine-based one. Furthermore, when data are transcribed in this way, the work is carried out without reference to standar
38、d methodologies that would, if used, ensure the exchangeability and interoperability of these data both within an enterprise and with partners outside it. Figure 2 illustrates some of the issues that arise in this information supply chain, notably the question of whether data really is exchangeable
39、or not. NOTE IT = information technology; CAE = computer-aided engineering. Figure 2 Exchangeability or non-exchangeability of data in information transfer ISO/IEC GUIDE 77-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3 A considerable proportion of product data continue to be provided in paper form (e
40、.g. catalogues, datasheets, operating instructions) or on paper-like electronic media e.g. documents in portable document format (PDF) that cannot be used directly in IT systems or cannot be processed further. 2.2.2 Non-structured definition and modelling of product data Many items of product data a
41、re captured in data sheets, which therefore represent a vast capital asset for a company. Data sheets can be quite complex, as they contain much assumed information that is logical to the human reader but not to a computer that needs to interpret the product data. Moreover many different views of th
42、e same product data are required depending on the user and his business use of the data. For the reuse of available product data in IT systems, the first step should usually be to bring the data into a computer-processable form, i.e. to analyse, convert and often even manually re-enter the data. In
43、doing so, many different data models are used to describe the product data, meaning that there is a need to maintain knowledge about various data models in use by internal and external customers. Where a formalized property definition is lacking, many interpretations can be given and are in use for
44、product properties. For this reason, the user may be unsure as to what exactly is meant by each piece of data and is often obliged to verify the meaning with the originator or originators of the data. The probability is therefore very high that product data are in fact inconsistent, and it is very d
45、ifficult to verify whether the product data are complete and consistent. This is clearly a time-consuming and costly exercise, which in turn leads to misinterpretations and conversion errors. The need for consistent and complete acquisition and dissemination of product data and information has been
46、generally recognized worldwide. As a result, companies have worked on improvement of internal business processes and data structures. Information has been digitized, partly brought into enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and, increasingly, standard software tools have been introduced. At ind
47、ustry level, industry groups and solution providers have been engaged in working out standards for product model data that should facilitate unambiguous and efficient communication. Unfortunately, there are still many standards that partially overlap and often compete. 2.3 Goal and solution From a b
48、usiness point of view, the goal is to achieve seamless product data exchange and storage over the full life cycle of the product, and equally over the life cycle of the plant or installation in which the product will be used. One technical possibility is to create reference dictionaries where each p
49、roperty is defined unambiguously and in a computer-sensible way only once, and to continually reuse this definition (see Figure 3). This methodology, which should obtain international agreement, should then be used by all parties to ensure common property definitions across industry. The technical solution to achieve this is to define and supply all properties of a product in a clear, unambiguous and internationally-agreed way, so that there can be no misunderstanding during the exchange processes. This can be done by
