1、 GUIDE 75First edition2006-11Strategic principles for future IEC and ISO standardization in industrial automation Reference number ISO/IEC GUIDE 75:2006(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
2、itted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GUIDE 75First edition2006-11Strategic principles for future IEC and ISO standardizatio
3、n in industrial automation Copyright 2006 ISO/IEC, Geneva All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electro
4、technical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, SwitzerlandTelephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch P For price, see current cataloguePRICE CODE Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under lic
5、ense with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 2 Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) CONTENTS FOREWORD 3 1 Scope 4 2 Introduction 4 3 Abbreviations .5 4 New environment .6 5 Evolution of requirements .7 6 Recommendations for new standardization principles com
6、mon to all segments .9 7 Recommendations for new standardization principles specific to segment 1 12 8 Recommendations for new standardization principles specific to segment 2 13 9 Recommendations for new standardization principles specific to segment 3 14 10 Conformity assessment and marking common
7、 to all segments 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY .16 Table 1 Standards segmentation 5 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) 3 STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES FO
8、R FUTURE IEC AND ISO STANDARDIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standards. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in t
9、he development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-g
10、overnmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. Guides are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible committee or group are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires appr
11、oval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Guide may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC Guide 75 was prepared by th
12、e IEC Sector Board 3 (SB 3), Industrial automation systems. This Guide may be revised in due course on the basis of practical experience. Committees writing standards are invited to inform the ISO Central Secretariat or the IEC Central Office of any difficulties encountered with the implementation o
13、f its provisions. One aspect of this Guide requires particular comment. “Future . standardization” indicates that these proposals are forward-looking. However, existing standards are also affected. SB 3s terms of reference and the experience of its members both restrict the formal domain of these re
14、commendations to that of industrial automation. However, the members are of the unanimous opinion that the recommended principles could have much wider application because many of them are generic, and could thus be relevant to many other industrial sectors. The text of this guide is based on the fo
15、llowing documents: Approval document Report on voting C/1407/DV C/1442/RV Full information on the voting for the approval of this Guide can be found in the report on vot-ing indicated in the above table. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO
16、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 4 Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) STRATEGIC PRINCIPLES FOR FUTURE IEC AND ISO STANDARDIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION 1 Scope This Guide is applicable to IEC and ISO standardization for the industrial automation sector. I
17、t provides strategic principles for use by the various technical committees and subcommittees working in different domains within the sector, as well as other bodies within IEC and ISO with interests in the work of these committees. 2 Introduction Not all standards-related documents (referred to in
18、what follows by the generic term standards1)have the same purpose or the same consequences, or are subject to the same constraints. For example, a standard that facilitates business in an application domain and a standard defining safety requirements have little in common. Therefore, the relevant st
19、rategic principles may vary, depending upon the different segments into which standards fall. It is therefore proposed to segment standards according to three criteria: the purpose, the actors concerned, and the technology involved. Concerning purpose, the grouping could be 4 safety and/or compatibi
20、lity; 4 interoperability; 4 performance; and 4 comprehension and/or best practices. Concerning the actors, one may distinguish 4 governmental, representing the interests of the country and the public; and 4 end-users, vendors and integrators organized in a supply chain. Concerning the technology inv
21、olved, the distinguishing factor is rate of change (fast or slow): 4 intensive use of IT (or other fast-changing technologies); or 4 no or limited use of IT (or any other fast-changing technology). By combining the above elements, for the purposes of this document, a segmentation of standards, shown
22、 in Table 1, may be derived. _ 1)The term “standard” as used in this document thus includes publications which are not necessarily full- consensus documents. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe
23、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) 5 Table 1 Standards segmentation Segment Types of “standards“ Comments Segment 1 Safety-, functional safety- and/or compatibility- oriented Will incorporate more and more IT techniques applied to automation. Should be objectives-oriented
24、 rather than methods-/techniques-orientedSegment 2 Fast-changing technologies Include technologies such as IT, telecom, power electronics, wireless communications, as applied to the automation and control world 2a Interoperability-oriented As technology changes, standards should focus on methods and
25、 functions 2b Performance-oriented Segment 3 Mature technologies, performance- or interoperability-oriented Example 1: performance-oriented standards: defining appropriate frameworks enabling evaluation of products against requirements Example 2: electromechanical products: electrical compatibility,
26、 mechanical compatibility Segment 4 Engineering recommendations The main purpose of the segmentation is to provide the context for obtaining quickly standards or other IEC/ISO products that may have a short lifetime. Segment 1 standards generally involve governmental actors as well as market players
27、. The role of the Suppliers Declaration of Conformity and, where the market forces or regulations require it, certification, is very important for market access. Segment 2a standards need to be global and stable over time because their effectiveness depends on their use by suppliers, integrators and
28、 end-users. Segments 2b and 3 standards are, in a sense, private between vendors or between vendors and users. Segment 4 standards are not true standards but a collection of best practices that can be used as a reference. There will be little consideration of segment 4 in this document. After Clause
29、s 4 and 5, which provide the background and rationale for these recommendations, Clause 6 gives recommendations common to all standards segments, and Clauses 7 to 9 give ones specific to segments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Clause 10 deals with conformity assessment. 3 Abbreviations EMC Electromagnetic
30、 compatibility IEC/CAB IEC Conformity Assessment Board IS International Standard ISO/CASCO ISO Conformity Assessment Committee IT Information technology ITA Industry Technical Agreement IWA International Workshop Agreement NC National Committee PAS Publicly Available Specification SDO Standards Deve
31、lopment Organization SDoC Suppliers Declaration of Conformity SME Small and medium-sized enterprise TC Technical Committee TR Technical Report TS Technical Specification TTA Technical Trend Assessment Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not
32、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 6 Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) 4 New environment The industrial world has changed greatly since the process of standards-writing began. The new environment is characterized by the following. 4.1 Globalization Elements of s
33、ociety are becoming increasingly interdependent on a global basis. Globalization in industrial automation systems implies standardization across global supply and knowledge chains, involving extended enterprises. 4.2 Spread and dynamism of information technologies The amount and complexity of the kn
34、owledge inherent in industrial products and services have increased by several orders of magnitude. This knowledge (technology) is changing and invading new domains faster than the time needed for a set of independent parties to develop a single, proven interface specification for interoperability a
35、cross their respective system elements in the traditional standardization process. 4.3 Rapid innovation in other technologies These include materials processing, energy generation and storage, and bio/ecosystem management and control. 4.4 Systems While a need remains for the standardization of indiv
36、idual elements using both traditional and advanced technologies, there is increasing emphasis on the ability to integrate elements into systems of varying complexity. These integrated systems are further expected to be sustainable, portable, dependable and scalable. 4.5 Exploitation in other sectors
37、 Many traditional standards groups are seeking to deliver digital definitions of the products that are the subject of their standards. Industry demands a consistent approach across these groups, which should be encouraged to utilize the existing industrial automation standards to develop such defini
38、tions. 4.6 Various market demands Conflicting needs are often expressed by users of products: on the one hand, there is an increasing interest in the use of standards to enable free choice among an ever-greater diversity of more and more complex products which implies that these products must match
39、all the interfaces required by the users automation system; on the other hand, there is a trend towards requiring more responsibility from the system integrator, ranging from efficient integration to a guarantee of performance, dependability and results. 4.7 Various vendor answers Producers no longe
40、r require uniformity for their very survival; instead, competitive forces determine survival. However, while smaller market actors (for example, product specialists) require standards for better interoperability and interchangeability, larger ones targeting the system market are less interested in o
41、pening up the architectures they have invested in and more interested in differentiation. 4.8 Various system integrator answers The needs of system integrators may also be divergent: using proprietary specifications may help deliver cost-effective one-stop-shop, turnkey solutions (as well as protect
42、 a competitive Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Guide 75 ISO/IEC:2006 (E) 7 position), whereas the use of widely applied international standards allows be
43、tter management of risks. Overall, the challenge is to find solutions which benefit all stakeholders. 4.9 Liberalization Many areas which used to form the subject of government monopolies or closed oligopolies (telecommunications, air transport, energy) no longer do so; almost all markets are open a
44、nd competitive. This liberalization is an enabler of the globalization mentioned in 3.1. 4.10 Changing relationships between governments and SDOs In more and more countries, SDOs are no longer under government control but delegated to associations with the public and the private sector represented.
45、This is partly thanks to confidence in the results obtained by ISO and IEC in the past. Industry as a producer of goods and services (producers), no matter how capital-intensive or how advanced technologically, requires less government leadership than it once did, while still welcoming government su
46、pport. Some regional economies and their governments continue to use regional or national standards as a basis for technical barriers to trade. Producers and exporters are seeking for regulation and conformance to standards to be less and less governmental and more and more market-based and industry
47、-driven regulatory functions. Small producers and users are concerned that this may result in a new kind of central force controlling the markets, jeopardizing broader societal interests. 5 Evolution of requirements The new environment leads to the following concrete reasons why the principles behin
48、d standardization, in the industrial automation and similar systems areas, must in some cases evolve. 5.1 System-oriented versus product-oriented The more the systems approach is of concern (segment 2 standards), the less adequate the traditional function/component-product oriented topics of standar
49、dization are. New standardization approaches are needed, for example: enabling “plug and play” of elements into systems, thanks to proper (relevant, open, stable) interfaces and associated tools; allowing re-use of past proven work, thanks, for example, to standard object-oriented/encapsulation/library and da
