1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24756 First edition 2009-04-01 Information technology Framework for specifying a common access profile (CAP) of needs and capabilities of users, systems, and their environments Technologies de linformation Cadre de df
2、inition dun profil daccs commun (CAP) des besoins et capacits des utilisateurs, des systmes et de leurs environnements ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be ed
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7、ail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 1 5 A model of acce
8、ssibility. 2 6 A format for identifying access potential. 5 6.1 Introduction to the Common Access Profile . 5 6.2 Common Access Profile 6 6.3 Describing Overall CAPs . 7 6.4 Describing Interacting Components. 8 6.5 Describing IC Component Features 8 6.6 Modality-specific information 10 6.7 Capabilit
9、y-specific information . 12 6.8 Processing-specific information. 16 6.9 Expanding the CAP. 18 7 Operations on CAPs. 19 7.1 CAP operators. 19 7.2 Unary operations 19 7.2.1 Required (SHALL). 19 7.2.2 Optional (MAY) 19 7.2.3 Exclusion (NOT) 20 7.3 Binary operations . 20 7.3.1 Included (AND) 20 7.3.2 Su
10、bstitutable (OR) 21 7.3.3 Mutually exclusive (XOR). 21 8 Applying the CAP 22 8.1 Introduction to applying the CAP 22 8.2 Applying the CAP to identifying handicaps. 22 8.3 Applying the CAP to selecting ATs. 23 8.4 Applying the CAP to managing ATs . 23 8.4.1 Developing a base configuration 23 8.4.2 De
11、veloping alternate configurations 24 8.4.3 Reconfiguring current configurations 24 Annex A (informative) Example Common Access Profile 25 A.1 Introduction . 25 A.2 Users 25 A.2.1 Introduction to User CAPs. 25 A.2.2 Description of Johann 26 A.2.3 A note on hearing . 27 A.2.4 Johanns CAP 28 A.3 System
12、s . 35 A.3.1 Introduction to System CAPs 35 A.3.2 The CAP approach to Systems . 36 A.3.3 Description of Example System 36 A.3.4 Example systems CAP 37 ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) iv ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedA.4 For more information 50 Annex B (informative) Developers of this International Standard.
13、 51 Bibliography . 52 ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO
14、or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
15、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directiv
16、es, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the na
17、tional bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24756 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC
18、 JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces. ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) vi ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction Users of various systems in various environments can experience temporary or permanent accessibility difficulties. Potential users of systems need to evaluate wh
19、ether the systems will be accessible to them in the intended environments in which they will be used. Where accessibility can be insufficient, either due to environmental barriers or poor design, these users can wish to resort to assistive technologies (ATs) to provide the required level of accessib
20、ility. Currently, there is no common framework for describing accessibility needs or abilities. This requires each potential user to develop their own evaluation method, and then to investigate and evaluate various systems and ATs using this method. However, due to the lack of an existing method, th
21、ere might also be a lack of suitable information on the abilities of different systems and ATs, leading to inefficiency, confusion, frustration and a general lack of satisfaction by the user. A variety of difficulties can be encountered when trying to identify suitable ATs to improve accessibility.
22、Accessibility issues being encountered by potential users can inhibit them from obtaining the required information to identify possible ATs that could help improve their accessibility. Lack of experience with ATs can also affect information technology support staff who attempt to assist these potent
23、ial users. The need for accessibility extends to all systems that a proposed user can access. The ability for information gathered regarding accessibility issues and solutions for individual users to be portable across systems and environments is essential. This International Standard introduces a m
24、odel of accessibility as a basis for understanding access issues with the interactions between users and systems in various environments. Accessibility is multi-dimensional; existing at multiple levels. The model shows that users and systems must share capabilities of communicating. This Internation
25、al Standard provides a framework to specify a profile of common access capabilities (the CAP) of interactive systems, users, and their environment that are necessary for accessibility to be possible. The CAP is specified in a top-down manner that provides extensibility to be able to include capabili
26、ties at increasingly detailed levels. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Framework for specifying a common access profile (CAP) of needs and capabilities of users, systems, and their environments 1 Scope This International Standard
27、defines a framework for specifying a common access profile (CAP) of needs and capabilities of users, computing systems, and their environments, including access that is supported by assistive technologies. It provides a basis for identifying and dealing with accessibility issues in a standardised ma
28、nner across multiple platforms. It can be used to evaluate the accessibility of existing systems in particular environments for particular users. 2 Conformance Specifications for systems and/or system components, including assistive technologies, conform to ISO/IEC 24756 if they conform to Clauses 6
29、 and 7 of this International Standard. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen
30、ts) applies. ISO 639-3, Codes for the representation of names of languages Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages ISO 15924, Information and documentation Codes for the representation of names of scripts ISO 80000 (all parts), Quantities and units 4 Terms and definitions For th
31、e purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 accessibility usability of a product, service, environment or facility by people with the widest range of capabilities NOTE 1 The concept of accessibility addresses the full range of user capabilities and is not limited to u
32、sers who are formally recognised as having a disability. NOTE 2 The usability-orientated concept of accessibility aims to achieve levels of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction that are as high as possible considering the specified context of use, while paying particular attention to the full
33、range of capabilities within the user population. ISO 9241-171:2008, definition 3.2 ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved4.2 usability extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specifie
34、d context of use ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.1 4.3 assistive technology AT hardware or software that is added to or incorporated within a system that increases accessibility for an individual EXAMPLE Braille displays, screen readers, screen magnification software and eye tracking devices are assi
35、stive technologies. ISO 9241-171:2008, definition 3.5 4.4 context of use users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software, and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a product is used ISO 9241-11:1998, definition 3.5 4.5 handicap anything that might interfere with the accessibility
36、 of interactions between users and systems 5 A model of accessibility Accessibility involves usable interaction between a user and a system. This interaction takes place within a context of use that includes the system, the user, the users tasks, and the environment. Figure 1 illustrates the environ
37、ment in which this interaction takes place. Handicaps are anything that might interfere with the accessibility of interactions between users and systems. A handicap can have one or many sources among the system, user, interaction, and/or environment. This model is “blame-free,” since resolving any h
38、andicap to the interaction is more important than attributing blame to the source of the handicap. ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved 3 SYSTEM USER CONTEXT ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION INTERACTION HANDICAPFigure 1 A model of the User-System interaction The figure uses a pipe metaphor
39、to illustrate the flow of interactions between the user and the system and a valve metaphor to illustrate various levels of handicaps to the interaction(s). The shaded flow between user and system illustrates the possibility of multiple communications occurring in either direction. A fully open valv
40、e represents the absence of a handicap to the interaction. A fully closed valve represents an interaction being fully handicapped. Any other setting of the valve represents an interaction being partially handicapped. While universal design features can reduce handicaps to interactions, it cannot eli
41、minate all handicaps of the interactions in all situations. An assistive technology (AT) is a means of reducing such handicaps. While a consumer of an AT might not have a disability, there can be some component of the interaction that is “handicapping” them. For example, one could attend a lecture w
42、here the speaker uses a language unknown to the listener. Since most people know at least one language, the listener might eventually come to know the language the presentation is given in, but the interaction between speaker and listener is currently handicapped by one not knowing the language used
43、 by the other at the present time. The listeners task of following the details of the presentation would not be possible without the use of a translator to bridge the interaction between the listener and the speaker. In this sense, the translator would be an AT. Computer related ATs can be realised
44、through: alternative input devices (e.g., trackball, left-handed mouse, sip/puff systems), alternative output devices (e.g., voice, Braille display), accessible software (e.g., screen magnification software), and “universal design” (i.e., barrier-free design). Since the interaction is what is being
45、handicapped, an accessible computing experience is realised by a reduction of this handicap. ATs can be modelled as a means of opening the valve between systems and users, as shown in Figure 2. ISO/IEC 24756:2009(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedSYSTEM USER CONTEXT CONTEXT ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY C
46、ONTEXTFigure 2 Assistive Technology in the User-System interaction Accessibility relies on users and systems using compatible interfaces for interaction. The inclusion of an AT allows translation between two incompatible interfaces as illustrated in Figure 3. To evaluate current and proposed future
47、accessibility, there is a need for a standard method to describe both user-system accessibility and user-AT-system accessibility across all users and systems. Processing Interface User AT Interface System AT Interface Processing Processing Interface SYSTEM AT USERFigure 3 Interfacing between compone
48、nts The goal of accessibility is to make systems accessible to users. However, different situations call for different packaging(s) of systems. Where the users goal is to interact with a particular application package, the user can choose the operating system, computer, peripherals, and other ATs th
49、at make the application the most accessible. ATs might be required for accessibility purposes where the users goal is to interact with an application package that is part of an existing hardware/software system. The model presented in Figure 3 holds in all situations regardless of the different possible locations of system boundaries. In this model, ATs can be considered anything that is added to the basic system to make it accessible to users. There is a very wide range of objects that can act as ATs, includ
