1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 17417 First edition 2011-12-01Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Short Distance Visible Light Communication (SDVLC) Technologies de linformation Tlinformatique Communica
2、tion courte distance utilisant la lumire visible (SDVLC) ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoco
3、pying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switze
4、rland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Terms,definitions and abbreviations . 2 5 Conventions and notations 6 6 General . 6 7 Physical Layer .
5、6 8 Transmitter and Receiver Block Diagram . 7 8.1 Transmitter to Receiver Link 7 8.2 Data Encoding . 7 8.2.1 8B10 Data Encoding 8 8.2.2 2B4B Data Encoding . 8 8.3 Modulation . 8 8.4 Bit Order . 8 9 Frame Formats . 8 9.1 Frame Structure overview 9 9.2 Frame Structure Detail 10 9.2.1 Start Indicator
6、Structure . 10 9.2.2 Control Header Structure 11 9.3 MAC PDU Structure . 13 9.3.1 MAC Header . 13 9.3.2 Payload . 14 9.3.3 Payload CRC 15 9.4 Visible Frame . 15 9.4.1 Visible Pattern 15 9.5 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 16 10 Connection Procedure 16 11 Association Operation Messages 17 11.1 Associat
7、ion Request (AS-REQ) . 17 11.2 Association Response (AS-RSP) . 18 11.3 Association Acknowledge (AS-ACK) 18 11.4 Disassociation Request (DAS-REQ) 19 11.5 Disassociation Response (DAS-RSP) . 19 11.6 Disassociation Acknowledge (DAS-ACK) . 20 12 Data Burst Modes Operation 20 12.1 Periodic Burst Mode 20
8、12.1.1 Burst Request Message (BR-REQ) 21 12.1.2 Burst Response Message (BR-RSP) . 23 12.2 Aperiodic Burst Mode . 24 12.2.1 Aperiodic Burst Request Message (ABR-REQ) 25 12.2.2 Aperiodic Burst Response Message (ABR-RSP) . 26 13 Data Encoding Change . 28 13.1 ENC-REQ (Data Encoding Change Request) 28 I
9、SO/IEC 17417:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved13.2 ENC-RSP (Data Encoding Change Response) .28 ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the speciali
10、zed system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical commi
11、ttees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Internationa
12、l Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Pub
13、lication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
14、uch patent rights. ISO/IEC 17417 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-397) and was adopted, under a special “fast- track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC. ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) vi IS
15、O/IEC 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction Short Distance Visible Light Communication (SDVLC) uses visible light LEDs for data communication. In most cases, LEDs with the primary purpose of illumination will take on the secondary purpose of acting as a digital data communication source; in other cas
16、es the LEDs primary purpose will be data communication while the secondary purpose will be to communicate visible status to the user. With the extension of the application of LEDs from the primary purpose of illumination to the secondary purpose of data communication, VLC can be also applied to shor
17、t range data communication. With SDVLC, “what you see is what you send”. One possible application of SDVLC is high speed mobile-to-mobile communication. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange b
18、etween systems Short Distance Visible Light Communication (SDVLC) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a phsical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) for communication of up to 10 cm distance with an f mof 120 MHz using visual light with the wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm. In a
19、ddition it specifies human-detectable brightness control that is independent of the modulation for the data transfer. 2 Conformance Conformant implementations: have both a Transmitter and a Receiver; use 8B10B encoding and may use 2B4B encoding; use an f mof 120 MHz as specified in 8.3. 3 Normative
20、references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 18092:2004, Information techno
21、logy Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) ISO/IEC 7498-1, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model ISO/IEC 14165-251, Information technology Fibre Channel Part 251: Fram
22、ing and Signaling (FC-FS) ITU-T Z.100, Specification and Description Language (SDL) RFC 791, Internet Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved4 Terms,definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the terms, def
23、initions and abbreviations given in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and the following apply. 4.1 Ack Acknowledge 4.2 AK Ack/Nack 4.3 ABR-REQ Aperiodic Burst Request 4.4 ABR-RSP Aperiodic Burst Response 4.5 AS-ACK Association Acknowledge 4.6 AS-REQ Association Request 4.7 AS-RSP Association Response 4.8 Burst Master
24、Burst scheduler 4.9 Burst Slave Burst schedule follower 4.10 BR-REQ Burst Request 4.11 BR-RSP Burst Response 4.12 BS Burst Start 4.13 BWS Burst Window Size ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 34.14 CHC Control Header CRC 4.15 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 4.16 DAS-ACK Disassociation
25、 Acknowledge 4.17 DAS-REQ Disassociation Request 4.18 DAS-RSP Disassociation Response 4.19 DCC-REQ Duty Cycle Change Request 4.20 DCC-RSP Duty Cycle Change Response 4.21 dectet group of 10 bits (cf. octet) 4.22 DER Data Encoding Response 4.23 Disassociatee recipient of a DAS-REQ 4.24 Disassociator i
26、nitiator of a disassociation 4.25 DQWS Data Quiet Window Size 4.26 ENC Data Encoding 4.27 FL Frame Length 4.28 f mFrequency of modulation clock that changes the optical output signal ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved4.29 FT Frame Type 4.30 Initiator initiator of an association
27、 4.31 LEN Length 4.32 MF MAC Flag 4.33 MHC MAC Header CRC 4.34 MM Management Message 4.35 Nack Negative Acknowledge 4.36 OOK On-Off Keying 4.37 OP Operation 4.38 PL Payload Length 4.39 PDU Protocol Data Unit ISO/IEC 7498-1 4.40 PSN PDU Sequence Number 4.41 RC Response Code 4.42 Recipient receiver of
28、 a frame ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 54.43 RFU Reserved for Future Use 4.44 RID Recipient ID 4.45 RVF Recipient VF 4.46 SDL Specification and Description Language (ITU-T Z.100) 4.47 SDU Service Data Unit ISO/IEC 7498-1 4.48 SDVLC Short Distance Visible Light Communication
29、4.49 Sender sender of a frame 4.50 SI Start Indicator 4.51 SID Sender ID 4.52 SMF Supported Modulation Frequencies 4.53 Target recipient of an AS-REQ 4.54 VF Visible Frame 4.55 VFA VF Mode Stop Approve 4.56 VFR VF Mode Stop Request ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) 6 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved4.57 VLC Vis
30、ible Light Communication 5 Conventions and notations The following conventions and notations apply in this document unless otherwise stated. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO or ONE. An individual bit in a field is identified by a numerical subscript of the field name, where for numeric values
31、the least significant bit of the value is assigned to the bit with subscript 0. (xxxxxxx)b denotes a sequence of binary digits. 6 General All RFU bits shall be set to 0 by the Sender and ignored by the Recipient. Unless otherwise stated, all RFU values shall be ignored by the Recipient. 7 Physical L
32、ayer Figure 1 illustrates the basic model of the SDVLC Transmitter and Receiver. A SDVLC Transmitter shall have an optical output with a minimum peak irradiance of 3 W/m 2between 380 nm and 780 nm over an area of at least 1,0 cm 1,0 cm at a distance of 10 cm, and a 10% to 90% rise time t rand fall t
33、ime t fof at most 3,0 ns, illustrated in Figure 2. The SDVLC Transmitter shall have a maximum off irradiance of 1 mW/m 2 . A SDVLC Receiver shall have an optical sensitivity from 380 nm to 780 nm and from 0 cm to at least 10 cm from a SDVLC Transmitter. Figure 1 SDVLC Transmitter and Receiver ISO/IE
34、C 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 7Figure 2 SDVLC Modulation Waveform 8 Transmitter and Receiver Block Diagram 8.1 Transmitter to Receiver Link In Figure 3, the modular structures of SDVLC system are shown. When data is to be transmitted, the data is encoded by the Data Encoding block
35、. In the Modulation block, encoded data is used to modulate the optical output. The optical output is then transmitted to the Receiver. The Demodulation block of the Receiver demodulates the optical signal. The demodulated signal is then decoded by the Data Decoding block. Optical Signal Output Opti
36、cal Signal Input Transmitter Data Receiver Data Modulation Demodulation Data Encoding Data DecodingFigure 3 Transmitter and Receiver block diagram 8.2 Data Encoding SDVLC supports two different data encoding schemes. One of the data encoding schemes (8B/10B) allows the maximum data throughput but ha
37、s a fixed optical link duty cycle of 50%. The other data encoding scheme (2B4B) has a lower data throughput but allows optical link duty cycles other than 50%. ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) 8 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved8.2.1 8B10 Data Encoding When using 8B/10B encoding, the SDVLC Transmitter shall use
38、 the 8B/10B encoding as specified in ISO/IEC 14165-251. 8.2.2 2B4B Data Encoding In 2B4B encoding, the SDVLC Transmitter shall encode pairs of data bits into 4 bit symbols by selecting a row of Table 1. Note that which row is selected in Table 1 can be different for each pair of data bits, thus allo
39、wing for average duty cycles between 25% and 75%. Table 1 Data Encoding Data (00)b (01)b (10)b (11)b Encoded Data Duty Cycle 25% (0001)b (0010)b (0100)b (1000)b 50% (0011)b (0110)b (1100)b (1001)b 75% (1110)b (1101)b (1011)b (0111)b 8.3 Modulation The modulation of the optical link is On-Off Keying
40、(OOK). SDVLC may support a maximum of 16 different OOK f m . The f mof 120 MHz is mandatory. The f mshall be at the specified frequency with a relative frequency tolerance of 20 10 4 % and a maximum peak jitter of 100 ps. Bit duration time t b(illustrated in Figure 2) is 1/f m . 8.4 Bit Order The le
41、ast significant bit of each symbol shall be transmitted first, while the most significant bit of each symbol shall be transmitted last. 9 Frame Formats SDVLC transmissions shall be in the form of a sequence of frames, as shown in Figure 4. Each frame in the sequence is either a Data Frame or a Visib
42、le Frame. Figure 4 Frame Sequence ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 99.1 Frame Structure overview Two frame structures shall be used in SDVLC: a Data Frame structure, as specified in Figure 5, and a Visible Frame structure, as specified in Figure 6. Figure 5 Data Frame structure
43、 ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) 10 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedFigure 6 Visible Frame structure The choice of which frame structure to use may depend on the communication link status. When the communication link between Transmitter and Receiver is established with good alignment, the Data Frame structure
44、 is used for data communication. The Visible Frame structure is used to control the visible aspect of the communication beam to notify the user of a link failure (such as misalignment between the two devices) when the communication link between Transmitter and Receiver is not established. The decisi
45、on of which frame structure to use may be made using the information in the control header, and when the communication link fails or becomes misaligned, the frame structure type may be changed. The Visible Frame structure may be also used to cause the devices to show a beam while not transmitting da
46、ta, thus making visible the communication link. 9.2 Frame Structure Detail The frame structure for SDVLC shall consist of Start Indicator, Control Header, and either a series of one or more MAC PDUs or a Visible Pattern. 9.2.1 Start Indicator Structure The Start Indicator structure shall consist of
47、Preamble_1 and Preamble_2 as specified below. Preamble_1 shall be (10)b repeated 800 times. Preamble_1 may be used by the Recipient to synchronize the receive data clock to the received data. For 2B4B encoding, Preamble_2 shall be (11110000)b repeated five times. For 8B/10B encoding, Preamble 2 shal
48、l be the 8B/10B K28.1 symbol repeated four times. The Recipient shall check Preamble_2 field, and if Preamble_2 is not correct the Recipient shall consider a frame to not be started. Preamble_2 may be used by the Recipient for symbol synchronization to denote the end of the Preamble_1 and the start
49、of PHY data. ISO/IEC 17417:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 119.2.2 Control Header Structure After the symbol synchronization process using the Start Indicator completes, the control information shall be transmitted in the Control Header. The format of the Control Header is specified in Figure 7, and the contents of the Control Header are specified in Table 2. Reserved values shall not be used by a Sender. If a Recipient receives a Control Head
