1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16504 First edition 2011-11-15 Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems MAC and PHY for operation in TV white space Technologies de linformation Tlcommunications et change din
2、formation entre systmes MAC et PHY pour opration en espace blanc TV ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ
3、ing photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publishe
4、d in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . vii Introduction viii 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Terms and definitions . 1 5 Abbreviations and Acronyms 4 6 General description . 7 6.1 N
5、etwork components 7 6.2 Network formation . 7 6.3 Protocol architecture 8 6.4 Addressing . 9 6.5 PHY features 9 6.6 Overview of MAC service functionality . 10 6.6.1 Logical groups . 11 6.6.2 Control algorithms 11 6.6.3 Channel selection 11 6.6.4 The superframe 11 6.6.5 Beaconing 12 6.6.6 Medium acce
6、ss 13 6.6.7 Data communication between devices . 13 6.6.8 MAC frame data rates 13 6.6.9 Security 13 6.6.10 Information discovery . 14 6.6.11 Support for higher-layer timer synchronization . 14 6.6.12 Protection of incumbent users 14 6.6.13 Self-coexistence 14 6.6.14 Rate adaptation 15 6.6.15 Power m
7、anagement . 15 7 MAC common part sublayer . 15 7.1 MAC Frame Format . 15 7.1.1 Frame format conventions . 16 7.1.2 General MAC frame format . 16 7.1.3 Beacon frames . 22 7.1.4 Control frames . 24 7.1.5 Command frames 27 7.1.6 Data frames 35 7.1.7 Aggregated data frames . 35 7.1.8 Information element
8、s 35 7.2 Frame processing 63 7.2.1 Frame addresses . 63 7.2.2 Frame reception . 64 7.2.3 Frame transaction . 64 7.2.4 Frame transfer . 65 7.2.5 Frame retry . 65 7.2.6 Inter-frame space (IFS) 65 7.2.7 Duplicate detection . 66 7.2.8 RTS/CTS use 66 ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reser
9、ved7.2.9 MAC header fields67 7.2.10 Information elements 69 7.3 MAC Structure and Beaconing .73 7.3.1 Beacon Period 74 7.3.2 Beacon slot state .74 7.3.3 BP length 74 7.3.4 Beacon transmission and reception 75 7.3.5 Beacon collision detection .76 7.3.6 BP contraction .76 7.3.7 Merger of multiple beac
10、on groups .77 7.3.8 Signalling window79 7.4 Device Synchronization 80 7.4.1 Clock accuracy .80 7.4.2 Synchronization for devices in hibernation mode .80 7.4.3 Guard times 80 7.5 Data Transfer Period .82 7.5.1 Prioritized Contention Access (PCA).83 7.5.2 Channel Reservation Access (CRA) 89 7.6 Fragme
11、ntation and Aggregation 96 7.6.1 Fragmentation and reassembly 96 7.6.2 Aggregation 97 7.7 ARQ, Multirate Support and Power Control 98 7.7.1 ARQ Policies 98 7.7.2 Multi-rate Support . 100 7.7.3 Transmit Power Control . 100 7.8 Dynamic Channel Selection . 100 7.9 Power Management Mechanisms . 101 7.9.
12、1 Power management modes . 101 7.9.2 Device power states . 101 7.9.3 Power state transitions 101 7.9.4 Hibernation mode operation 103 7.9.5 Hibernation anchor operation . 103 7.10 Probe 104 7.11 Protection of incumbents 104 7.11.1 Channel Measurement . 104 7.11.2 Channel Classification . 107 7.11.3
13、Channel Evacuation . 108 7.12 Self-coexistence 109 7.12.1 Self-coexistence scenarios 109 7.12.2 Distributed self-coexistence mechanisms . 109 7.12.3 Centralized self-coexistence mechanisms 110 7.13 Network Entry and Initialization 111 7.13.1 Initial Channel SCAN and Device Discovery 113 7.13.2 Maste
14、r-Slave Association 114 7.13.3 Pair discovery . 115 7.13.4 Create/join a beacon group . 116 7.13.5 Pairing 116 7.13.6 Setup connections 117 7.14 MAC sublayer parameters . 118 8 Security 120 8.1 Security mechanisms . 120 8.1.1 Security operation 120 8.1.2 4-way handshake 121 8.1.3 Key transport . 121
15、 8.1.4 Freshness protection . 121 8.1.5 Data encryption . 121 8.1.6 Frame integrity protection . 121 8.2 Security modes . 121 8.2.1 Security mode 0 123 ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved v8.2.2 Security mode 1 . 123 8.2.3 Security mode 2 . 123 8.3 Temporal keys . 123 8.3.1 Mutual
16、 authentication and PTK derivation . 124 8.3.2 GTK exchange . 125 8.3.3 Pseudo-random function (PRF) definition 126 8.3.4 PTK and KCK derivation . 127 8.3.5 PTK MIC generation 127 8.3.6 Random number generation 128 8.4 Frame reception steps and replay prevention measures 128 8.4.1 Frame reception .
17、128 8.4.2 Replay prevention . 129 8.4.3 Implications on GTKs 129 8.5 AES-128 CCM Inputs . 129 8.5.1 Overview . 129 8.5.2 Nonce 130 8.5.3 CCM blocks 130 9 PHY . 132 9.1 Introduction 132 9.2 Symbol description . 132 9.2.1 OFDM symbol description 132 9.2.2 Symbol parameters . 134 9.3 PPDU . 134 9.3.1 P
18、LCP preamble 135 9.3.2 PLCP header 137 9.3.3 PSDU . 142 9.4 Constellation mapping and modulation 148 9.4.1 Data modulation 148 9.4.2 Pilot modulation 150 9.5 OFDM modulation 150 9.5.1 Data subcarriers 151 9.5.2 Pilot subcarriers 151 9.5.3 Null subcarriers . 153 9.5.4 Implementation of Fourier transf
19、orm 153 9.6 General block diagram for the OFDM PHY . 154 9.7 General requirements . 154 9.7.1 Operating frequency range 154 9.7.2 Channel bandwidth and numbering 155 9.7.3 PHY layer timing 155 9.8 Transmitter requirements . 155 9.8.1 Transmit center frequency tolerance 155 9.8.2 Symbol clock frequen
20、cy tolerance 155 9.8.3 Clock synchronization 155 9.8.4 Transmitter constellation error 156 9.9 Receiver requirements 157 9.9.1 Receiver sensitivity . 157 9.9.2 Maximum received signal level 158 9.9.3 Center frequency and symbol clock frequency tolerance 158 9.9.4 Link quality estimate . 158 9.10 Con
21、trol mechanisms . 159 9.10.1 Device synchronization 159 9.10.2 Transmit power control . 159 9.11 Multiple antennae (optional) . 160 9.11.1 Multiple antennae normal preamble and burst preamble specification 160 9.11.2 Multiple antennae PLCP header specification . 161 9.11.3 Pilot subcarriers for all
22、multiple antennae modes . 163 9.11.4 Frequency interleaved transmit diversity (FITD) 163 9.11.5 Alamouti space time block coding (STBC) . 163 9.11.6 Spatial multiplexing (SM) mode . 164 ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedAnnex A (normative) MUX sublayer . 165 Annex B (normative
23、) OFDM parameters for 7 MHz and 8 MHz channel bandwidths 167 Annex C (normative) Data rates for 7 MHz and 8 MHz channel bandwidths 169 Annex D (normative) MAC policies 170 Annex E (informative) FFT-based pilot sensing algorithms 173 Annex F (informative) An example of TPC algorithm . 175 Bibliograph
24、y . 178 ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved viiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC partic
25、ipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
26、 and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. T
27、he main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies
28、 casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 16504 was prepared by Ecma International (as ECMA-392) and was adopt
29、ed, under a special “fast- track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC. ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) viii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction Analogue broadcasting systems have been or are bei
30、ng upgraded to digital technology, which frees up channels in the TV frequency bands. This International Standard specifies a physical layer and a medium access sub-layer for wireless devices to operate in the TV frequency bands. Applications include high speed video streaming and internet access on
31、 personal/portable electronics, home electronics equipment, and computers and peripherals. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems MAC and PHY for operation in TV white space 1 S
32、cope This International Standard specifies a medium access control (MAC) sub-layer and a physical (PHY) layer for personal/portable cognitive wireless networks operating in TV bands. This International Standard also specifies a MUX sublayer for higher layer protocols. This International Standard spe
33、cifies a number of incumbent protection mechanisms which may be used to meet regulatory requirements. 2 Conformance Conforming devices implement the MUX sub-layer, MAC sub-layer and the PHY layer as specified herein and support at least one of the device types (master, peer, or slave) and at least o
34、ne of bandwidths (6 MHz, 7 MHz, 8 MHz), and may support multiple antennae modes. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r
35、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO/IEC 18033-3:2005, Information technology Security techniques Encryption algorithms Part 3: Block ciphers 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes o
36、f this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 alien beacon group group of devices for which the beacon period (BP) is not aligned with the BP of the current device 4.2 alien device member of an alien beacon group ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved4.3 Access Ca
37、tegory AC common set of prioritized contention access (PCA) parameters to contend for the medium to transmit MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) with certain priorities 4.4 beacon group BG set of devices that share the same beacon period start time (BPST) 4.5 beacon period BP time during which a device
38、sends or listens for beacons 4.6 beacon period start time BPST start of the beacon period 4.7 channel reservation protocol CRP protocol to support negotiation and maintenance of channel time reservations 4.8 contention signalling window time window for exchanging control or management information in
39、 the slotted aloha based manner 4.9 data integrity assurance that the data has not been modified from its original form 4.10 data transfer period DTP time period within a superframe used mainly for data transfer via prioritized contention access (PCA) or in reservations established using the channel
40、 reservation protocol (CRP) 4.11 device entity conforming to this International Standard 4.12 extended beacon group union of a devices beacon group and the beacon groups of all devices in the devices beacon group 4.13 incumbents regulatory protected transmission systems operating in the TV bands 4.1
41、4 incumbent protection mechanisms mechanisms including DFS, TPC, geo-location/database access, and spectrum sensing 4.15 MPDU MAC PDU ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 34.16 MSDU MAC SDU 4.17 master master device device acting as a centralized coordinator of medium access on beh
42、alf of at least one slave device 4.18 master-slave group group of devices with a master device and its slave devices 4.19 message integrity code MIC cryptographic checksum generated using a symmetric key NOTE A MIC is typically appended to data for data integrity and source authentication similar to
43、 a digital signature. 4.20 neighbour member of a beacon group 4.21 network allocation vector NAV remaining time a neighbour device has indicated it will access the medium 4.22 outband channel channel other than the one being used for data transmission 4.23 peer peer device device coordinating medium
44、 access with other devices without a centralized coordinator 4.24 peer-to-peer group group of peer devices 4.25 prioritized contention access PCA prioritized CSMA/CA access mechanism 4.26 proxy peer device that coordinates outband channel measurement 4.27 quiet period time period scheduled to detect
45、 incumbents 4.28 reservation one or more medium access slots (MASs) within a superframe during which a device has preferential access to the medium ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved4.29 reservation signalling window time window used for exchanging control or management informa
46、tion in the reservation based manner 4.30 slave slave device device associated with and coordinated by a master device for medium access 4.31 stream logical flow of MSDUs from one device to one or more other devices 4.32 superframe periodic time interval to coordinate frame transmissions between dev
47、ices 4.33 transmission opportunity TXOP time interval for prioritized contention access (PCA) to initiate transmissions 4.34 TXOP holder device that has successfully contended for a TXOP 5 Abbreviations and Acronyms AC access category ACK acknowledgment A/D analog-to-digital AES advanced encryption
48、standard AGC automatic gain control AIFS arbitration inter-frame space ASIE application-specific information element AWGN additive white Gaussian noise BPOIE beacon period occupancy information element BPSK binary phase-shift keying BcstAddr broadcast device address BP beacon period BPST beacon peri
49、od start time B-ACK block acknowledgment BW bandwidth CBC-MAC cipher block chaining-message authentication code CCA clear channel assessment CCM counter mode encryption and cipher block chaining message authentication code CE channel estimation CINR carrier-to-interference and noise ratio ISO/IEC 16504:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 5CP cyclic prefix CRC cyclic redundancy check CRP channel reservation protocol CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance CTS clear to send D/A digital-
