1、Practice for use of a ceric-cerous sulfate dosimetry system Pratique de lutilisation dun systme dosimtrique au sulfate crique-creux INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM 51205 Reference number ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) Third edition 2017-05 ISO/ASTM International 2017 ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E)ii ISO/ASTM Intern
2、ational 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/ASTM International 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including ph
3、otocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International. ISO copyright offic
4、e ASTM International Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Tel. +610 832 9634 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 Fax +610 832 9635 copyrightiso.org khooperastm.org www.iso.org www.astm.orgConte
5、nts Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Referenced documents 1 3 Terminology 2 4 Signicance and use 2 5 Effect of inuence quantities 2 6 Interferences 3 7 Apparatus . 3 8 Reagents 3 9 Preparation of the dosimeters 3 10 Calibration of the dosimetry system 4 11 Application of dosimetry system 6 12 Minimum documentatio
6、n requirements 6 13 Measurement uncertainty. 6 14 Keywords 7 Annexes 7 Figure A1.1 Electrochemical cell 7 ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) ISO/ASTM International 2017 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
7、 (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
8、governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further ma
9、intenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiv
10、es). ASTM International is one of the worlds largest voluntary standards development organizations with global participation from affected stakeholders. ASTM technical committees follow rigorous due process balloting procedures. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
11、 document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and ASTM International shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declaration
12、s received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specic terms and expressions related to conformity assessme
13、nt, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/ iso/foreword.html. This document was prepared by ASTM Committee E61 Radiation Processing and by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85,
14、 nuclear energy, nuclear technologies and radiological protection. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/ASTM 51205:2009), which has been technically revised. ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) iv ISO/ASTM International 2017 All rights reservedISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) Standard Practice f
15、or Use of a Ceric-Cerous Sulfate Dosimetry System 1 This standard is issued under the xed designation ISO/ASTM 51205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. 1. Scope 1.1 This practice covers the
16、 preparation, testing, and proce- dure for using the ceric-cerous sulfate dosimetry system to measure absorbed dose to water when exposed to ionizing radiation. The system consists of a dosimeter and appropriate analytical instrumentation. For simplicity, the system will be referred to as the ceric-
17、cerous system. The ceric-cerous dosim- eter is classied as a type 1 dosimeter on the basis of the effect of inuence quantities. The ceric-cerous system may be used as a reference standard dosimetry system or as a routine dosim- etry system. 1.2 This document is one of a set of standards that provide
18、s recommendations for properly implementing dosimetry in radiation processing, and describes a means of achieving compliance with the requirements of ISO/ASTM Practice 52628 for the ceric-cerous system. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628. 1.3 This practice describe
19、s both the spectrophotometric and the potentiometric readout procedures for the ceric-cerous system. 1.4 This practice applies only to gamma radiation, X-radiation/bremsstrahlung, and high energy electrons. 1.5 This practice applies provided the following conditions are satised: 1.5.1 The absorbed-d
20、ose range is from510 2 to510 4 Gy (1). 2 1.5.2 The absorbed-dose rate does not exceed 10 6 Gy s 1 (1). 1.5.3 For radionuclide gamma-ray sources, the initial pho- ton energy is greater than 0.6 MeV . For bremsstrahlung photons, the initial energy of the electrons used to produce the bremsstrahlung ph
21、otons is equal to or greater than 2 MeV . For electron beams, the initial electron energy is greater than 8 MeV . NOTE 1The lower energy limits are appropriate for a cylindrical dosimeter ampoule of 12-mm diameter. Corrections for dose gradient across the ampoule may be required for electron beams (
22、2). The ceric-cerous system may be used at lower energies by employing thinner (in the beam direction) dosimeters (see ICRU Report 35). 1.5.4 The irradiation temperature of the dosimeter is above 0C and below 62C (3). NOTE 2The temperature coefficient of dosimeter response is known only in this rang
23、e (see 5.2). Use outside this range requires determination of the temperature coefficient. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health pra
24、ctices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gui
25、des and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 2. Referenced documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 C912 Practice for Designing a Process for Cleaning Techni- cal Glasses E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry E178 Pr
26、actice for Dealing With Outlying Observations E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers E666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gamma or X Radiation E668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence- Dosimetry (TLD) Systems for De
27、termining Absorbed Dose in Radiation-Hardness Testing of Electronic Devices E925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet- Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth does not Exceed 2 nm E958 Practice for Estimation of the Spectral Bandwidth of 1 This practice is under the jur
28、isdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.02 on Dosimetry Systems, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3. Current edition approved March 8, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally published as ASTM E120588. Last previous
29、ASTM edition E120599. ASTM E120593 was adopted by ISO in 1998 with the intermediate designation ISO 15555:1998(E). The present International Standard ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) is a major revision of ISO/ASTM 51205-2009(E). 2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of th
30、is standard. 3 For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. ISO/ASTM International 2017 Al
31、l rights reserved This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technica
32、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers 2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards: 3 51261 Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Sys- tems for Radiation Processing 51707 Guide for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in Dosimetry for Radiation Processing 52628 Practice for
33、 Dosimetry in Radiation Processing 52701 Guide for Performance Characterization of Dosim- eters and Dosimetry Systems for Use in Radiation Pro- cessing 2.3 ISO Standards: 4 12749-4 Nuclear energy V ocabulary Part 4: Dosimetry for radiation processing 2.4 ISO/IEC Standards: 4 17025 General Requiremen
34、ts for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories 2.5 Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) Reports: JCGM 100:2008, GUM 1995, with minor correc- tions, Evaluation of measurement data Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 5 JCGM 200:2012 (JCGM 200:2008 with minor
35、revisions), VIM, International V ocabulary of Metrology Basis and General Concepts and Associated Terms 6 2.6 International Commission on Radiation Units and Mea- surements (ICRU) Reports: 7 ICRU Report 10b (NBS Handbook 85) Physical Aspects of Irradiation ICRU Report 35 Radiation Dosimetry: Electro
36、n Beams with Initial Energies Between 1 and 50 MeV ICRU Report 80 Dosimetry Systems for Use in Radiation Processing ICRU Report 85a Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 approved laboratorylaboratory that is a recognized national metrology instit
37、ute, or has been formally accredited to ISO/IEC 17025, or has a quality system consistent with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025. 3.1.1.1 DiscussionA recognized national metrology insti- tute or other calibration laboratory accredited to ISO/IEC 17025 should be used in order to ensure traceability t
38、o a national or international standard. A calibration certicate provided by a laboratory not having formal recognition or accreditation will not necessarily be proof of traceability to a national or international standard. 3.1.2 ceric-cerous dosimeterspecially prepared solution of ceric sulfate and
39、cerous sulfate in sulfuric acid, individually sealed in an appropriate container such as a glass ampoule, where the radiation-induced changes in electropotential or optical absorbance of the solution are related to absorbed dose to water. 3.1.3 molar linear absorption coeffcient, m constant re- lati
40、ng the spectrophotometric absorbance, A , of an optically absorbing molecular species at a given wavelength, , per unit pathlength, d, to the molar concentration, c, of that species in solution: m 5 A dc (1) SI unit: m 2 mol 1 3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe measurement is sometimes ex- pressed in units of L
41、mol 1 cm 1 . 3.1.4 radiation chemical yield, G(x)quotient of n(x) by , where n(x) is the mean amount of a specied entity, x, produced, destroyed, or changed by the mean energy, , imparted to the matter. Gx! 5 nx! (2) SI unit: mol J 1 3.1.5 reference standard dosimetry systemdosimetry system, general
42、ly having the highest metrological quality available at a given location or in a given organization, from which measurements made there are derived. 3.1.6 type 1 dosimeterdosimeter of high metrological quality, the response of which is affected by individual inu- ence quantities in a well-dened way
43、that can be expressed in terms of independent correction factors. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 electropotential, Edifference in potential between the solutions in the two compartments of an electrochemical cell, measured in millivolts. 3.3 Denitions of other terms used in th
44、is practice that pertain to radiation measurement and dosimetry may be found in ISO 12749-4, ASTM Terminology E170, ICRU 85a, and VIM; these documents, therefore, may be used as alternative references. 4. Signicance and use 4.1 The ceric-cerous system provides a reliable means for determining absorb
45、ed dose to water. It is based on a process of reduction of ceric ions to cerous ions in acidic aqueous solution by ionizing radiation (1, 4, ICRU Report 80). NOTE 3The ceric-cerous system described in the practice has cerous sulfate added to the initial solution to reduce the effect of organic impur
46、ities and to allow the potentiometric method of measurement. Other systems used for dosimetry include solutions of ceric sulfate or ceric ammonium sulfate in sulfuric acid without the initial addition of cerous sulfate. These other systems are based on the same process of reduction of ceric ions to
47、cerous ions but are not included in this practice. 5. Effect of inuence quantities 5.1 Guidance on the determination of the performance characteristics of dosimeters and dosimetry systems can be 4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II,
48、Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org. 5 Document produced by Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM WG1), Available free of charge at the BIPM website (http:/ www.bipm.org). 6 Document produced by Working Group 2 of the Jo
49、int Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM WG2), Available free of charge at the BIPM website (http:/ www.bipm.org). 7 Available from International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. ISO/ASTM 51205:2017(E) 2 ISO/ASTM International 2017 All rights reservedfound in ASTM Guide 52701. The relevant quantities that need to be considered when using the ceric-cerous dosimetry syst
