1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9642 First edition 1993-08-15 Cinematography - Time and control code for 24,25 and 30 frames per second motion-picture Systems - Specifications Cinbma tographie - Code de chronombtrage et de commande pour /es systemes cinematographiques a 24, 25 et 30 images par seconde -
2、Spkifica tions Reference number ISO 9642:1993(E) ISO 9642:1993(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
3、committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with
4、the International Electrotechnical Commission (1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of th
5、e member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 9642 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 36, Cinematography. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. 0 ISO 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by a
6、ny means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9642:1993(E) Cinematograph
7、y - Time and control code for 24,25 and 30 frames per second motion-picture Systems - Specifications 1 Scope This International Standard specifies digital code for- mats and modulation methods for motion-picture film to be used for timing, control, editing and synchron- ization purposes. This Intern
8、ational Standard also specifies the relationship of the Codes to the motion- picture frame. Two types of code are described in this International Standard. The first type, Type C, is a continuous code which is very similar to the continuous code specified in IEC 4611. This type of code tan be used i
9、n situ- ations where the film is moving continuously at the time of both recording and reproduction. The second type of Code, Type 5, is a non-continuous, block-type Code, composed of blocks of data, each complete in itself, with gaps between the blocks. lt is designed so that the code may be record
10、ed and played back on equipment with intermittent film mo- tion but still be decoded with the same type of elec- tronic equipment used to read the Type C or continuous time Code. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provi
11、sions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent editions of the Sta
12、ndards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. ISO 2022:1986, Information processing - ISO 7-bit and 8-bit coded Character sets - Code extension techniques. ISO 4241:1987, Cinematography - Leaders and run- out trailers for 35 mm and 16
13、 mm release prints - Specifica tions. ISO 8758:1992, Cinematography - Photographit control and data records on 16 mm and 35 mm motion-picture film and prints - Dimensions and lo- ca tion. 3 Modulation method The modulation method shall be such that a transition occurs at the beginning of every bit p
14、eriod. “One” is represented by a second transition half a bit period after the Start of the bit. “Zero” is represented when there is no transition within the bit period. 4 Code formats Two code formats are described: Type C and Type B. The unique characteristics of the two code types are described i
15、n 4.1 and 4.2 respectively. Information which applies to both code types is given in 4.3 and 44 . , 4.1 Type C code format 4.1.1 Esch motion-picture frame shall be defined by a unique and complete address. 4.1.2 The frames shall be numbered successively 0 to 23, 24 or 29 inclusive, corresponding to
16、the frame rate being used. 4.1.3 Esch address shall consist of 80 bits num- bered 0 to 79 inclusive. 4.1.4 The bits shall be assigned as shown in the appropriate columns of figure 1 and table 1. 4.15 The address shall Start at the clock edge be- fore the first address bit (bit Zero). The bits shall
17、be evenly spaced throughout the address period and they shall fully occupy the address period, which is one frame. Consequently, the bit rate shall be 80 times the frame rate in frames per second. 4.1.6 The Start of the address, i.e. the clock edge before the first bit, shall coincide with the frame
18、line at the beginning of the image to which the address refers. The tolerante of this location is + 0 % (in the direction of film travel) and - 50 % of a frame length (in the other direction). Thus, the Start of the address tan lie anywhere in the top half of the frame with the preferred Position at
19、 the frameline. See figure2. Table 1 Bit number Type C code Type B code Bit description * o-7 Alternating Zero, one Pattern * 8-23 Synchronizing word * 8-9 Fixed zero * IO-21 Fixed one * 22 Fixed zero * 23 Fixed one o-3 24-27 Units of frame 4-7 28-3 1 First binary group 8-9 32-33 Tens of frames IO 3
20、4 Drop frame flag (see 4.4) 11 35 Colour frame flag (see 4.4) 12-15 36-39 Second binary group 16-19 40-43 Units of seconds 20-23 44-47 Third binary group 24-26 48-50 Tens of seconds 27 51 Bi-Phase mark Phase correction bit (see 4.4) 28-31 52-55 Fourth binary group 32-35 56-59 Units of minutes 36-39
21、60-63 Fifth binary group 40-42 64-66 Tens of minutes 43 67 Binary group flag bit (see 4.4) 44-47 68-71 Sixth binary group 48-51 72-75 Units of hours 52-55 76-79 Seventh binary group 56-57 80-81 Tens of hours 58 82 Unassigned address bit (Zero until assigned by ISO/TC 36) 59 83 Binary group flag bit
22、(see 4.4) 60-63 84-87 Eighth binary group 64-79 88-103 Synchronizing word 64-65 88-89 Fixed zero 66-77 90-101 Fixed one 78 102 Fixed zero 79 103 Fixed one * 104-111 Alternating one, zero Pattern * These bits do not exist in the type C Code. ISO 9642:1993(E) BIT NUMBER BIT TYPE C TYPE B VALUE DESCRIP
23、TION Notes 0 0 TIMING BITS START FOR TYPE B 1 1 IS CLOCK EDGE 2 0 BETWEEN BIT 111 3 1 AND BIT 0 4 0 5 1 6 0 7 1 8 0 SYNC WORD 9 0 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16 1 17 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 22 0 23 1 START FOR TYPE C IS CLOCK EDGE BETWEEN BIT 79 AND BIT 0 0 24 1 FRAMES UNITS 1 25 2 2 26 4 3 27 8 4 2
24、8 IST BINARY GROUP 5 29 6 30 7 31 8 32 10 FRAMES TENS 9 33 20 10 34 DROP FRAME FLAG 11 35 COLOUR FRAME FLAG 12 36 2ND BINARY GROUP 13 37 14 38 15 39 BIT NUMBER BIT TYPE C TYPE B VALUE DESCRIPTION Notes 16 40 1 SECONDS UNITS 17 41 2 18 42 4 19 43 8 20 44 3RD BINARY GROUP 21 45 22 46 23 47 24 48 10 SE
25、CONDS TENS 25 49 20 26 50 40 27 51 BI-PHASE MARK PHASE CORRECTION BIT 28 52 4TH BINARY GROUP . 29 53 30 54 31 55 32 56 1 MINUTES UNITS 33 57 2 34 58 4 35 59 8 36 60 5TH BINARY GROUP 37 61 38 62 39 63 40 64 10 MINUTES TENS 41 65 20 42 66 40 43 67 BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT 44 68 6TH BINARY GROUP 45 69 46
26、70 47 71 48 72 1 HOURS UNITS 49 73 2 50 74 4 51 75 8 52 76 7TH BINARY GROUP 53 77 54 78 55 79 ISO 9642:1993(E) BIT NUMBER BIT TYPE C TYPE B VALUE DESCRIPTION Notes 56 80 10 HOURS TENS 57 81 20 58 82 UNASSIGNED ADDRESS BIT 59 83 BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT 60 84 8TH BINARY GROUP 61 85 62 86 63 87 64 88 0 S
27、YNC WORD 65 89 0 66 90 1 67 91 1 68 92 1 69 93 1 70 94 1 71 95 1 72 96 1 73 97 1 74 98 1 75 99 1 76 100 1 77 101 1 78 102 0 79 103 1 104 1 TIMING BITS 105 0 106 1 107 0 108 1 109 0 110 1 111 0 TYPE C TIME CODE TYPE B TIME CODE 80 BITS PER FRAME 112 BITS PER FRAME 32 USER BINARY 32 USER BINARY SPARE
28、BITS SPARE BITS 16 SYNC 48 SYNC 31 ASSIGNED ADDRESS 31 ASSIGNED ADDRESS 1 UNASSIGNED ADDRESS 1 UNASSIGNED ADDRESS UNASSIGNED BIT IS UNASSIGNED BIT IS ZERO ZERO Figure 1 - Bit assignment ISO 9642:1993(E) FRAME LINE l TRAVEL NOTE - Figure2 illustrates the preferred longitudinal placement of a frame of
29、 time code relative to the picture frame. The figure applies to all film formats, even though 35 mm film is shown. Figure 2 - Type C code 4.2 Type B code format 4.2.1 Esch motion-picture frame shall be identified by a unique and complete address. 4.2.2 The frames shall be numbered successively 0 to
30、23, 24 or 29 inclusive, corresponding to the frame rate being used. 4.2.3 Esch address shall consist of 112 bits num- bered 0 to 111 inclusive. 4.2.4 The bits shall be assigned as shown in the appropriate columns of figure 1 and in table 1. 4.2.5 The block of data for a Single frame may be recorded
31、anywhere within that frame except that no part of the block may occupy the region extending from the frameline to 5 % of a frame length on either side of it. This region is thus a gap in the data which has a minimum length of 10 % of a frame length. See figure 3. 4.2.6 The length of any one bit shal
32、l not differ by more than 5 % from the length of either adjacent bit. In addition, the length of no bit shall be so short as to make the recording and reproduction of that data, us- ing practical equipment, unreliable. The length of no series of bits shall Cause the total length of 112 bits to excee
33、d 90 % of frame length. 4.2.7 In Order to reduce the d.c. content of the sig- nal, a repetitive Pattern of Zeros and ones shall be re- corded in as much of the gap area (the frameline region defined in 4.2.5) as is practical. This region shall not contain a sync word of the previous frame or the fir
34、st sync word of the following frame and shall not be decodable as a valid time code word. The bit length tolerante in 4.2.6 does not apply to data in the gap* 4.3 Use of binary groups The binary groups are intended for storage of data by the users and the 32 bits within the 8 groups may be assigned
35、in any fashion without restrictions if the Character set used for the data insertion is not speci- fied and the binaty group flag bits, Nos. 43 and 59, are both Zero. ISO 9642:1993(E) Minimum gap = 10 % of frame Length A FRAME LINE t L Bit 111 5 c aJ BJ E /Bit0 FRAME LINE 0 0 0 0 0 0 n 0 0 0 l TRAVE
36、L NOTE - Figure3 illustrates the preferred longitudinal placement of a frame of time code relative to the picture frame. The figure applies to all film formats, even though 35 mm film is shown. Figure 3 - Type B code 4.3.1 Encoding of frame identification by definition provides considerable redundan
37、cy that aids in mini- mizing decoding errors. In the design for storage of additional data for optional user applications, con- sideration shall be given to encoding of appropriate redundancies. In addition, data is specifically permit- ted to be spread across frame lines. The binary group flag bits
38、 43 and 59 (67 and 83 for type B Code) shall be set according to table 2. 4.4 Assigned and unassigned address bits 4.4.1 Six bits are reserved within the address groups: four for identifying operational modes when this type of code is used for television Systems, one for bi-Phase correction and one
39、unassigned, but re- served for future assignment and defined as zero until further specified by ISO Technical Committee 36. 4.4.2 If certain numbers are being dropped to re- solve the differente between real time and colour time, as defined in 5.1.2, a one shall be recorded in the drop frame flag bi
40、t (No. 10 for type C and No. 34 for type B). Table 2 Bit Bit 43167 59103 Character set not specified 0 0 Unassigned 0 1 Character set as defined in ISO 2022 1 0 Unassigned 1 1 NOTE - The unassigned states of the truth table can- not be used and their assignment is restricted to ISO Technical Committ
41、ee 36. 4.4.3 If colour frame identification has been inten- tionally applied, a one shall be recorded in the colour frame flag bit (No. 11 for type C and No. 35 for type B) . 4.4.4 The bi-Phase mark Phase correction bit (No. 27 for type C and No. 51 for type B) shall be put in a state so that every
42、80-bit or 112-bit word will contain an even number of logic Zeros. This requirement results in the truth table given in table 3 for bit 27 (51). 7 ISO 9642:1993(E) Table 3 Number of logic Zeros in bits 0 to Type C Type B 26 (24 to 50) and bits 28 to 63 (52 to 87) bit 27 bit 51 Odd 1 0 Even 0 1 4.4.5
43、 The two binar-y group flag bits (Nos. 43 and 59 for type C and Nos. 67 and 83 for type B) shall be set in accordance with table2. 4.4.6 The unassigned address bit (No. 58 for type C and No. 82 for type B) shall be set to zero until as- signed by ISO Technical Committee 36. 5 Time discrepancies and
44、colour framing in filmlvideo transfer 5.1 NTSC colour recording 5.1.1 When the film on which the time code is re- corded is transferred from or will be transferred to television, or is otherwise used in conjunction with a 525-line/60-field television System, there tan be a need to use the drop frame
45、 counting mode. In NTSC colour recording, the following definitions apply. 5.1.1.1 real time: The time elapsed during the scanning of 60 fields (or any multiple thereof) in an ideal television System at a vertical field rate of exactly 60 fields per second. 5.1.1.2 colour time: The time elapsed duri
46、ng the scanning of 60 fields (or any multiple thereof) in a colour television System at a vertical field rate of ap- proximately 59,94 fields per second. 5.1.2 Because the vertical frame rate of an NTSC colour Signal is 29,97 frames/s, counting of frames will yield approximately a 4 s timing error i
47、n 1 h. Therefore, two modes of Operation are allowed. a) Mode “1” (Drop frame). Compensated mode (30-frame code only). To resolve the colour time error, the first two frame numbers (0, 1) at the Start of each minute, except minutes 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50, shall be omitted from the count. When this
48、 mode is used, bit No. 10 (34) of each address shall be a one as specified in 4.4. b) Mode “0” (Non-drop frame). Uncompensated mode (30-frame code only). During a continuous recording, no numbers shall be omitted from the chain of addresses. Esch ad- 8 dress shall be increased by 1 frame over the fr
49、ame immediately preceding it. When this mode is used, bit No. 10 (34) of each address shall be a zero as specified in 4.4. 5.2 SECAM Signals For SECAM frames in which the second field begins with a line having the chrominance modulated by the Signal D, the sum of the number of frames and seconds of the associated address shall be odd and for SECAM frames in which the second field begins with a line having the chrominance modulated by the Signal D, this sum shall be even. 5.3 PAL Signals For PAL frames that contain fields 1 and 2 of the se- quence
