1、 Reference number ISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9355-3 First edition 2006-09-15 Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 3: Control actuators Spcifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et des organes de s
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5、 Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
6、ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 200
7、6 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Selection procedure General .2 5 Task evaluation and information collection4 5.1 Task requirements and characteristics.4 5.2 Determination of general task requirements 5.1 a) to c)7 5.
8、3 Determination of specific task requirements 5.1 d) to i) 9 5.4 Specification of movement characteristics 5.1 j) to n) .10 5.5 Specification of grip characteristics 5.1 o) to q) .11 5.6 Recording the information13 6 Intermediate selection of control families.13 7 Identification of suitable control
9、types17 7.1 Step 1 Comparison of grip characteristics.17 7.2 Step 2 Comparison of specific task requirements 18 7.3 Check for influence of actuator position.18 8 Additional information for design of manual control actuators .28 8.1 General28 8.2 Dimensions.28 8.3 Actuation force or torque28 8.4 Posi
10、tion relative to operator .29 8.5 Position relative to visual displays29 8.6 Compatibility and consistency.29 Annex A (informative) Example of use of this part of ISO 9355 .30 Bibliography 34 ISO 9355-3:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardi
11、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to b
12、e represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standa
13、rds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter
14、national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9355-3
15、was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. ISO 9355 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators: Part 1: Human interactions with displays a
16、nd control actuators Part 2: Displays Part 3: Control actuators Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 3: Control actuator
17、s SAFETY PRECAUTIONS It is particularly important that the provisions of this part of ISO 9355 be observed wherever the operation of a control actuator could lead to injury or damage to health, either directly or as a result of human error. 1 Scope This part of ISO 9355 gives ergonomic requirements
18、for, and guidance on, the selection, design and location of control actuators adapted to the needs of the operator, suitable for the control task in question and taking account of the circumstances of their use. It is applicable to manual control actuators used in equipment for both occupational and
19、 private use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 447, Mac
20、hine tools Direction of operation of controls ISO 9355-1:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control actuators ISO 9355-2, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays I
21、EC 60447, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Actuating principles 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 control actuator part of the control actuating system that is directly actuated b
22、y the operator, e.g. by applying pressure ISO 9355-1:1999, 3.1 ISO 9355-3:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.2 manual control actuator control actuator adjusted or manipulated by the human hand to effect change in a system EXAMPLE Push-button, knob, steering wheel. NOTE Touch-sensitive actuatio
23、n is not included. 3.3 control type range of control actuators with the same movement and grip characteristics, and fulfilling similar task requirements 3.4 control family group of control types 3.5 operator person given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing
24、or transporting machinery EN 894-3:2000, 3.5 3.6 task work task activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system EN 894-3:2000, 3.6 3.7 control task activity where a control actuator is used to achieve a task goal 4 Selection procedure General Many types of manual co
25、ntrol actuators are available from push-buttons to hand wheels. Each type is suited to particular task requirements and certain operator capabilities. Environmental factors (e.g. illumination, vibration) and organizational factors (e.g. team work, workstation separation) also have to be considered.
26、To ensure safe and efficient operation, the correct selection of control actuators is most important. The following clauses specify a systematic selection procedure that will enable designers and manufacturers to select manual control actuators to meet their specific requirements. Clause 5 describes
27、 the information required for selecting appropriate control actuators; Clauses 6 and 7 then specify how this information is to be used in order to make the selection. The selection procedure involves three main steps, carried out in an iterative manner: task evaluation and information collection (Cl
28、ause 5); intermediate selection of control families (Clause 6); identification of suitable control types (Clause 7). Figure 1 shows the selection procedure overall. ISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3Figure 1 Overall procedure for selecting manual control actuators ISO 9355-3:2006(E) 4
29、 ISO 2006 All rights reserved5 Task evaluation and information collection 5.1 Task requirements and characteristics The division of tasks between the operator and the equipment should have been determined early in the design process according to the recommendations given in EN 614-1 and ISO 9355-1.
30、There are general and specific requirements imposed by a task which normally cannot be changed. If it is not possible to find a suitable control actuator for a specified task, then the allocation of this task or the task itself has to be reconsidered. The task requirements considered in this Interna
31、tional Standard are ones that experience has shown to be the most important in selecting manual control actuators. They are as follows. General task requirements: a) accuracy required in positioning the manual control actuator (accuracy); b) speed of setting required (speed); c) force/torque require
32、ments (force). Specific task requirements: d) need for visual checking of manual control actuator setting (visual check); e) need for tactile checking of setting (tactile check); f) need to avoid inadvertent operation (inadvertent operation); g) need to avoid hand slipping from manual control actuat
33、or (friction); h) need for operator to wear gloves (use with gloves); i) need for easy cleaning (ease of cleaning). The general task requirements are used to identify classes of suitable control actuators. The specific task requirements are used in selecting individual control actuators within these
34、 classes. In evaluating the task requirements, the classification scheme according to Table 1 should be used. This differentiates between five different levels, from 0 to 4. Table 1 Classification scheme for evaluating task requirements Code Symbol Degree of requirements 0 Negligible 1 Low 2 Average
35、 3 High 4 Very high ISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 The task requirements do not need to be evaluated precisely; therefore, the detailed evaluation procedure given in 5.2 and 5.3 presents classification systems that have been found to be sufficiently accurate. The characteristics o
36、f the various types of control actuator need to be considered, in order to determine the available selection options. This part of ISO 9355 gives information on both movement characteristics and grip characteristics. In many cases, some of these characteristics will have been predetermined by the ta
37、sk requirements. Movement characteristics: j) type of movement; k) axis of movement; l) direction of movement; m) continuity of movement; n) angle of rotation for continuous rotary movements 180. Grip characteristics: o) type of grip; p) part of hand applying force; q) method of applying force. The
38、above categories, a) to q), are used throughout this part of ISO 9355. NOTE The shorter descriptions given between parentheses for the task requirements a) to i) are used in table headings where space is limited. See Figure 2 for an example of the form to be used for recording the results of the eva
39、luation. The following subclauses (5.2 to 5.5) give the procedure for completing the recording form of Figure 2. The method for assigning each general task requirement to a class in Table 1 is also given. All acceptable task requirements should be entered on the recording form. ISO 9355-3:2006(E) 6
40、ISO 2006 All rights reservedDegree of requirement (Classification) 0 1 2 3 4 Description of information Related subclause of ISO 9355-3 Remark General task requirements: 5.2 a) Accuracy 5.2.1 b) Speed 5.2.2 c) Force 5.2.3 Specific task requirements: 5.3 d) Visual check 5.3.1 e) Tactile check 5.3.2 f
41、) Inadvertent operation 5.3.3 g) Friction 5.3.4 h) Use with gloves 5.3.5 i) Ease of cleaning 5.3.6 Movement characteristics: 5.4 j) Type of movement 5.4.2 Linear Rotary k) Axis of movement 5.4.3 X Y Z X Y Z l) Direction of movement 5.4.4 +/ +/ +/ +/ +/ +/ m) Continuity of movement 5.4.5 Continuous D
42、iscrete n) Angle of rotation for continuous rotary movement 180 5.4.6 Yes No Grip characteristics: 5.5 o) Type of grip (see Figure 4) 5.5.1 Contact Pinch Clench p) Part of hand applying force 5.5.2 Finger Hand q) Method of applying force 5.5.3 Normal Tangential Figure 2 Form for recording informatio
43、n used in manual control actuator selection procedure Example ISO 9355-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 7 5.2 Determination of general task requirements 5.1 a) to c) 5.2.1 Task requirement a) Classification of accuracy (accuracy) The accuracy required shall be assigned to a class in accordance
44、 with Table 1. The accuracy required in the operation of a manual control actuator is determined by the task that has to be performed. Accuracy is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which is continuity of movement required, i.e. whether action of a manual control actuator takes
45、 place in discrete steps or continuously. Adequate feedback of information to the operator is necessary to minimize mistakes in positioning. High accuracy is inconsistent with high force application and the selection procedure takes this into account. Thus, a requirement for high force and high accu
46、racy together will not lead to the successful selection of a suitable manual control actuator. Where control actuators are used frequently or for long durations, accuracy requirements are increased. Accuracy in positioning relates to the accuracy of positioning a manual control actuator itself. Accu
47、racy in the positioning of the controlled component may be increased by mechanical means, e.g. gears. In this case, a high accuracy of positioning of the controlled component can be achieved by use of a manual control actuator capable of only low accuracy. 5.2.1.1 Discrete manual control actuator mo
48、vements A discrete manual control actuator movement is one where the manual control actuator can only be moved to a number of fixed positions e.g. rotary switch, on/off switch. The error in selecting the correct position increases with the number of discrete positions. Thus, two positions shall be r
49、ated as “negligible” requirements, while 24 positions shall be rated as “high” requirements. Manual control actuators with more than 24 discrete positions should be avoided. Accuracy can be improved by, for example, feedback to the operator of information on the current value of the controlled variable, by clear labelling of manual control actuator positions, and/or by placing the manual control actuator where it can be easily seen and moved. For manual
