1、 ISO 2016 Stainless steels for springs Part 1: Wire Aciers inoxydables pour ressorts Partie 1: Fils INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6931-1 Third edition 2016-05-15 Reference number ISO 6931-1:2016(E) ISO 6931-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Swi
2、tzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be
3、requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 6931-1:2016(E)Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2
4、 Normative references 1 3 Information to be supplied by the purchaser. 2 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Manufacturing process. 2 4.2 Form of delivery . 2 4.3 Surface finish 2 4.4 Chemical composition 2 4.5 Mechanical properties 3 4.6 Technological properties 6 4.6.1 Coiling test . 6 4.6.2 Wrapping test . 6 4.
5、6.3 Simple bend test . 6 4.7 Supply conditions of wire on coils/reels and spools . 6 4.7.1 General 6 4.7.2 Coil size 6 4.7.3 Circular wire cast . 7 4.7.4 Helix cast of wire . 7 4.8 Surface quality . 8 4.9 Inner soundness 8 4.10 Dimensions and dimensional tolerances . 8 4.10.1 Tolerances on diameter
6、. . 8 4.10.2 Out of roundness 9 4.10.3 Tolerance on the length of straightened and cut lengths 9 5 Testing and inspection . 9 5.1 Inspection and inspection documents 9 5.2 Extent of testing for specific testing 10 5.3 Sampling 12 5.4 Test methods 12 5.4.1 Chemical composition 12 5.4.2 Tensile test .
7、12 5.4.3 Coiling test 12 5.4.4 Wrapping test 12 5.4.5 Simple bend test 12 5.4.6 Reverse torsion test 12 5.4.7 Wire cast 13 5.5 Retests .13 6 Marking and packaging 13 Annex A (informative) Additional information 14 Bibliography .19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 6931-1:2016(E) For
8、eword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech
9、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
10、 electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document
11、 was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
12、patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does
13、not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informat
14、ion The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 4, Heat treatable and alloy steels. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6931-1:1994), which has been technically revised. ISO 6931 consists of the following parts, under the general title
15、 Stainless steels for springs: Part 1: Wire Part 2: Narrow stripiv ISO 2016 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 6931-1:2016(E) Stainless steels for springs Part 1: Wire 1 Scope This part of ISO 6931 specifies the grades of stainless steels which are generally used in the cold drawn condi
16、tion in the form of wire of circular cross-section up to 10,00 mm in diameter, for the production of springs and spring parts exposed to corrosive effects and sometimes to slightly increased temperatures (see Annex A). Certain steel grades covered by ISO 16143-2 are also used for springs, although t
17、o a much lesser extent. In these cases, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, etc.) will be agreed between purchaser and supplier. Similarly, diameters between 10,00 mm and 15,00 mm can be ordered according to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, in which case the parties will agree u
18、pon the required mechanical characteristics. In addition to the specifications of this part of ISO 6931, the general technical delivery requirements of ISO 404 are applicable. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are ind
19、ispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 377, Steel and steel products Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing
20、 ISO 404, Steel and steel products General technical delivery requirements ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature ISO 10474, Steel and steel products Inspection documents ISO 14284, Steel and iron Sampling and preparation of samples for the determin
21、ation of chemical composition ISO 15510, Stainless steels Chemical composition ISO 16143-2, Stainless steels for general purposes Part 2: Corrosion-resistant semi-finished products, bars, rods and sections ISO 22034-1, Steel wire and wire products Part 1: General test methods ISO 22034-2, Steel wire
22、 and wire products Part 2: Tolerances on wire dimensions ISO/TS 4949, Steel names based on letter symbols ISO/TR 9769, Steel and iron Review of available methods of analysis ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 6931-1:2016(E) 3 Information to be supplied by the purchaser The purchaser shall clearly st
23、ate in his enquiry or order the product and following information: a) the desired quantity; b) the term spring steel wire or straightened and cut lengths; c) the number of this part of ISO 6931: ISO 6931-1; d) the steel grade (see Table 1) and for grade 4301-304-00-I, 4310-301-00-I and 4462-318-03-I
24、 also the tensile strength level (see Table 2); e) the nominal wire diameter and the class for the diameter tolerance (see Table 5) and additional for cut length the length and the length tolerance class (see Table 6); f) the surface finish (see 4.3, i.e. coating); g) the form of delivery (see 4.2);
25、 h) the type of inspection document to be supplied (see 5.1); i) any particular agreement made. EXAMPLE 2 t stainless steel spring wire according to this part of ISO 6931, grade 4310-301-00-I, normal tensile strength level and nominal diameter 2,50 mm, diameter tolerance class T15, in coils with ins
26、pection document 3.1 according to ISO 10474:2 t spring steel wire ISO 6931-1 4310-301-00-I NS 2,50 T15 in coils, ISO 10474 3.1 4 Requirements 4.1 Manufacturing process Unless otherwise agreed in the order, the manufacturing process used in the making of the stainless steel wire is left to the discre
27、tion of the manufacturer. The starting condition (+AT: solution annealed) of the wire (rod) is specified in ISO 16143-2. 4.2 Form of delivery The wire shall be supplied in coils, on spools, on coreless spools or on carriers. Several coils may be assembled on a carrier. Unless otherwise specified, th
28、e form of delivery shall be at the manufacturers discretion. They shall, however, inform the purchaser about the form of delivery. The delivery requirements are specified in 4.7. Wire in straight lengths is normally supplied in bundles. 4.3 Surfac e finish The wire may be coated or not. The specific
29、 coating and finish for stainless steel spring wire shall be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order, e. g. uncoated, polished finish, nickel coated. 4.4 Chemical composition 4.4.1 The requirements for the chemical composition given in Table 1 apply to the cast analysis. 4.4.2 The permissible d
30、eviation of the product analysis from the values specified in Table 1 shall be in accordance with the provision in ISO 16143-2. For a single heat, the deviation of an element in the product analysis may be only below the minimum or only above the maximum value of the range specified for the heat ana
31、lysis but not both at the same time.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 6931-1:2016(E) Table 1 Chemical composition (cast analysis) Steel grade % by mass a, b Name c Number c C Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Other elements Austenitic steels X10CrNi18-8 4310-301-00-I 0,05 to 0,15 2,00 2,00 0,045 0,015 f 16,0 to 1
32、9,0 0,80 6,0 to 9,5 N: 0,10 X9CrNi18-9 4325-302-00-E 0,030 to 0,15 1,00 2,00 0,045 0,030 17,0 to 19,0 - 8,0 to 10,0 N: 0,10 X5CrNiN19-9 4315-304-51-I 0,08 1,00 2,50 0,045 0,030 18,0 to 20,0 - 7,0 to 10,5 N: 0,10 to 0,30 Nb: 0,15 X5CrNi18-10 4301-304-00-I 0,07 1,00 2,00 0,045 0,015 f 17,5 to 19,5 - 8
33、,0 to 10,5 N: 0,10 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 d 4401-316-00-I d 0,07 1,00 2,00 0,045 0,015 f 16,5 to 18,5 2,00 to 3,0 10,0 to 13,0 N: 0,10 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 4539-089-04-I 0,020 0,75 2,00 0,035 0,015 19,0 to 22,0 4,0 to 5,0 23,5 to 26,0 N: 0,15 Cu: 1,20 to 2,00 Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3
34、 4462-318-03-I 0,030 1,00 2,00 0,035 0,015 21,0 to 23,0 2, 50 to 3,5 4,5 to 6,5 N: 0,10 to 0,22 Precipitation hardening steel X7CrNiAl17-7 4568-177-00-I 0,09 0,70 1,00 0,040 0,015 16,0 to 18,0 - 7,0 to 8,5 e Al: 0,70 to 1,50 aMaximum values unless indicated otherwise. bAlternative compositions may b
35、e used by agreement. c“Name” and “Number” are derived in accordance with ISO/TS 4949 and ISO 15510, respectively. dSteel 4436-316-00-I may be used to provide increased corrosion resistance compared with 4401-316-00-I, with the specification of this part of ISO 6931-1 applicable for steel 4401-316-00
36、-I. eIn ISO 15510 and ISO 16143, this steel grade is given with 6,5 % to 7,8 % Ni; for spring application, these values are raised to the values in the table. fThese steels are given in ISO 15510 and ISO 16143 with S max. 0,030; for spring application, this value is diminished to the value in the ta
37、ble. 4.5 Mechanical properties 4.5.1 For the tensile strength in the as drawn condition, the data of Table 2 shall apply. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO 6931-1:2016(E)Table 2 Tensile strength in the as drawn condition Tensile strength (MPa) a b c d effor the following steel grades4310-301-00-I 4
38、325-302-00-E 4315-304-51-I 4301-304-00-I 4401-316-00-I 4539-089-04-I 4462-318-03-I 4568-177-00-I g Nominal diameter mm f Normal tensile strength (NS) High tensile strength (HS) min. max. Normal tensile strength (NS) min. High tensile strength (HS) min. max. min. max. min. max. Normal tensile strengt
39、h (NS) - High tensile strength (HS) - min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. d 0,20 2 200 2 530 2 350 2 710 2 150 2 400 2 000 2 150 2 300 1 725 1 990 1 600 1 840 2 150 2 480 2 370 2 730 1 975 2 280 0,20 d 0,30 2 150 2 480 2 300 2 650 2 050 2 300 1 975 2 050 2 280 1 700 1 960 1 550 1 790 2
40、 100 2 420 2 370 2 730 1 950 2 250 0,30 d 0,40 2 100 2 420 2 250 2 590 2 050 2 300 1 925 2 050 2 220 1 675 1 930 1 550 1 790 2 000 2 300 2 370 2 730 1 925 2 220 0,40 d 0,50 2 050 2 360 2 200 2 530 1 950 2 200 1 900 1 950 2 190 1 650 1 900 1 500 1 750 2 000 2 300 2 370 2 730 1 900 2 190 0,50 d 0,65 2
41、 000 2 300 2 150 2 480 1 900 2 150 1 850 1 950 2 130 1 625 1 870 1 450 1 670 1 900 2 190 2 370 2 730 1 850 2 130 0,65 d 0,80 1 950 2 250 2 100 2 420 1 850 2 100 1 800 1 850 2 070 1 600 1 840 1 450 1 670 1 900 2 190 2 230 2 570 1 825 2 100 0,80 d 1,00 1 900 2 190 2 050 2 360 1 850 2 100 1 775 1 850 2
42、 050 1 575 1 820 1 400 1 610 1 800 2 070 2 140 2 470 1 800 2 070 1,00 d 1,25 1 850 2 130 2 000 2 300 1 750 2 000 1 725 1 750 1 990 1 550 1 790 1 350 1 560 1 800 2 070 2 090 2 410 1 750 2 020 1,25 d 1,50 1 800 2 070 1 950 2 250 1 700 1 950 1 675 1 750 1 930 1 500 1 730 1 350 1 560 1 700 1 960 2 090 2
43、 410 1 700 1 960 1,50 d 1,75 1 750 2 020 1 900 2 190 1 650 1 900 1 625 1 650 1 870 1 450 1 670 1 300 1 500 1 700 1 960 2 000 2 300 1 650 1 900 1,75 d 2,00 1 700 1 960 1 850 2 130 1 650 1 900 1 575 1 650 1 820 1 400 1 610 1 300 1 500 1 700 1 960 2 000 2 300 1 600 1 840 2,00 d 2,50 1 650 1 900 1 750 2
44、 020 1 550 1 800 1 525 1 550 1 760 1 350 1 560 1 300 1 500 1 550 1 790 1 900 2 190 1 550 1 790 2,50 d 3,00 1 600 1 840 1 700 1 960 1 450 1 700 1 475 1 550 1 700 1 300 1 500 1 300 1 500 1 550 1 790 1 860 2 140 1 500 1 730 3,00 d 3,50 1 550 1 790 1 650 1 900 1 450 1 700 1 425 1 450 1 640 1 250 1 440 1
45、 300 1 500 1 550 1 790 1 850 2 050 1 450 1 670 3,50 d 4,25 1 500 1 730 1 600 1 840 1450 1 700 1 400 1 450 1 610 1 225 1 410 1 250 1 440 1 450 1 670 1 750 1 950 1 400 1 610 4,25 d 5,00 1 450 1 670 1 550 1 790 1 350 1 600 1 350 1 350 1 560 1 200 1 380 1 250 1 440 1 450 1 670 1 700 1 900 1 350 1 560 Gr
46、ade 4310-301-00-I and 4462-318-03-I can be delivered in normal tensile strength (NS) or high tensile strength (HS). For steel 4568-177-00-I, the characteristics of the springs are not only determined by the characteristics of the drawn wire but also by the heat-treatment of the spring (see A.2). The
47、refore, the steel should be of a quality such that by the heat treatment after drawing the mechanical properties are met. aTensile strength calculated on actual diameter. bThe range of tensile strength values within a production batch of the same heat shall be a maximum of 9 % of the minimum values
48、in this table. cAfter straightening, it is recognized that the tensile strength may reduce by up to 10 % but the minimum values of this table have to be fulfilled. dWhen better formability is required, lower tensile strength values may be agreed upon. eThe wire is supplied in the cold drawn conditio
49、n. The tensile strength in the finished spring may be substantially influenced by a heat treatment; particularly, precipitation hardening of grade 4568-177-00-I results in substantially higher tensile strength (see A.5.2 and Table A.3). fLarger diameters may be specified in which case the parties shall agree the tensile strength at the time of enquiry and order. gWhen the tensile test of 4568-177-00-I is performed on test piece after precipitation hardening heat treatment (air cooling
