1、AReference numberNumro de rfrenceISO 639-2:1998(E/F)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDNORMEINTERNATIONALEISO639-2First editionPremire dition1998-11-01Codes for the representation of names oflanguages Part 2:Alpha-3 codeCodes pour la reprsentation des noms delangue Partie 2:Code alpha-3Copyright International Org
2、anization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 639-2:1998(E/F) ISO 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or
3、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. / Droits de reproduction rservs.Sauf prescription diffrente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utili-se sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucu
4、n procd, lectronique ou mcanique, ycompris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lditeur.International Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandInternet isoiso.chPrinted in Switzerland/Imprim en SuisseiiForewordISO (the International Organization fo
5、r Standardization) is a worldwide fed-eration of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject forwhich a technical committee has been established has the r
6、ight to be rep-resented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO col-laborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft Intern
7、ational Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir-culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard ISO 639-2 was prepared jointly by Technical Com-mittees ISO/TC 3
8、7, Terminology (principles and coordination), Subcommit-tee SC 2, Layout of vocabularies and ISO/TC 46, Information anddocumentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Computer applications in informationand documentation.ISO 639 consists of the following parts, under the general title Codes forthe representation
9、of names of languages : Part 1: Alpha-2 code (revision of ISO 639:1988) Part 2: Alpha-3 codeAnnex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 639.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with
10、out license from IHS-,-,-ISO ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)iiiAvant-proposLISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdrationmondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres delISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie auxcomits techniques de lISO. Chaque
11、comit membre intress par unetude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet. Lesorganisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernemen-tales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO colla-bore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique international
12、e (CEI)en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique.Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniquessont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication commeNormes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des comi-ts membres votants.La Norme internat
13、ionale ISO 639-2 a t labore conjointement par lescomits techniques ISO/TC 37, Terminologie (principes et coordination),sous-comit SC 2, Prsentation des vocabulaires, et ISO/TC 46, Informa-tion et documentation, sous-comit SC 4, Applications informatiques eninformation et documentation.LISO 639 compr
14、end les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnralCodes pour la reprsentation des noms de langue : Partie 1: Code alpha-2 (rvision de lISO 639:1988) Partie 2: Code alpha-3Lannexe A fait partie intgrante de la prsente partie de lISO 639.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Pr
15、ovided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)ISOivIntroductionISO 639 provides two sets of language codes, one as a two-letter code set(ISO 639-1) and another as a three-letter code set (this part of ISO 639
16、) forthe representation of names of languages. ISO 639-1 was devised pri-marily for use in terminology, lexicography and linguistics. This part ofISO 639 represents all languages contained in ISO 639-1 and in additionany other language, as well as language groups, as they may be coded forspecial pur
17、poses when more specificity in coding is needed. The lan-guages listed in ISO 639-1 are a subset of the languages listed in this partof ISO 639; every language code in the two-letter code set has a corre-sponding language code in the alpha-3 list, but not necessarily vice versa.Both code lists are t
18、o be considered as open lists. The codes were devisedfor use in terminology, lexicography, information and documentation (i.e.for libraries, information services, and publishers) and linguistics. This partof ISO 639 also includes guidelines for the creation of language codes andtheir use in some app
19、lications.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)vIntroductionLISO 639 fournit deux codes de langue pour reprsenter les noms delangue, lun
20、 qui est un code alphabtique deux lettres (ISO 639-1), lautrequi est un code alphabtique trois lettres (ISO 639-2). LISO 639-1 a tconue principalement pour tre utilise en terminologie, lexicographie etlinguistique. La prsente partie de lISO 639 reprend toutes les languescontenues dans lISO 639-1, au
21、xquelles sajoute toute autre langue ou toutgroupe de langue, afin que ces langues ou groupes de langue puissenttre cods pour des raisons particulires quand existe le besoin duncodage plus spcifique. Les langues traites dans lISO 639-1 sont unsous-ensemble des langues traites dans lISO 639-2; chaque
22、codet dansle code de langue deux lettres a un codet correspondant dans le code delangue alpha-3, mais linverse nest pas ncessairement vrai.Les deux codes doivent tre considrs comme des listes ouvertes. Lescodes sont destins tre utiliss en terminologie, lexicographie, informa-tion et documentation (c
23、est-dire pour les bibliothques, les servicesdocumentaires et les diteurs) et en linguistique. La prsente partie delISO 639 inclut aussi des principes directeurs pour la cration des codetsde langue et pour leur utilisation dans certaines applications.Copyright International Organization for Standardi
24、zation Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
25、S-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARDNORME INTERNATIONALEISO ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)1Codes for the representation ofnames of languages Part 2:Alpha-3 codeCodes pour la reprsentationdes noms de langue Partie 2:Code alpha-31 ScopeThis part of ISO 639 provides two sets of three-letteralphabetic codes for the repres
26、entation of names oflanguages, one for terminology applications and theother for bibliographic applications. The code sets arethe same except for twenty-five languages that havevariant language codes because of the criteria usedfor formulating them (see 4.1). The language codeswere devised originall
27、y for use by libraries, informa-tion services, and publishers to indicate language inthe exchange of information, especially in computer-ized systems. These codes have been widely used inthe library community and may be adopted for anyapplication requiring the expression of language incoded form by
28、terminologists and lexicographers. Thealpha-2 code set was devised for practical use formost of the major languages of the world that aremost frequently represented in the total body of theworlds literature. Additional language codes are cre-ated when it becomes apparent that a significant bodyof li
29、terature in a particular language exists. Languagesdesigned exclusively for machine use, such as com-puter programming languages, are not included in thiscode.1 Domaine dapplicationLa prsente partie de lISO 639 fournit deux jeux decodets trois caractres pour la reprsentation desnoms de langue, lun d
30、estin des applications enterminologie, lautre destin des applications biblio-graphiques. Les deux jeux de codets sont les mmes,except pour vingt-cinq langues qui ont des codetsdiffrents cause du critre utilis pour les former(voir 4.1). lorigine, des codets de langues ont tcrs lusage des bibliothques
31、, des services do-cumentaires et des diteurs, pour indiquer la languedans lchange dinformation, particulirement entredes systmes informatiss. Ces codets ont t utili-ss largement lintrieur de la communaut des bi-bliothques, et ils peuvent tre adopts pour touteapplication qui requiert lexpression de l
32、a langue sousforme code, en terminologie ou en lexicographie. Lecode alpha-2 a t cr pour un usage pratique pour laplupart des grandes langues du monde, langues quisont les plus souvent reprsentes dans le corpus dela littrature mondiale. De nouveaux codets sontcrs quand il devient vident quil existe
33、un corpussignificatif de littrature dans une langue particulire.Les langages crs pour tre utiliss exclusivementpar des machines, comme les langages de program-mation, ne sont pas inclus dans le prsent code.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with IS
34、ONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)ISO22 Normative referenceThe following standard contains provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO 639. At the time of publication, theedition indica
35、ted was valid. All standards are subjectto revision, and parties to agreements based on thispart of ISO 639 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent edition of thestandard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISOmaintain registers of currently valid InternationalStanda
36、rds.ISO 3166-1:1997, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1:Country codes.2 Rfrence normativeLa norme suivante contient des dispositions qui, parsuite de la rfrence qui en est faite, constituent desdispositions valables pour la prsente partie delISO 639. Au
37、moment de la publication, ldition indi-que tait en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette rvi-sion, et les parties prenantes des accords fonds surla prsente partie de lISO 639 sont invits recher-cher la possibilit dappliquer ldition la plus rcentede la norme indique ci-aprs. Les membres de la CEIet de lIS
38、O possdent le registre des Normes interna-tionales en vigueur un moment donn.ISO 3166-1:1997, Codes pour la reprsentation desnoms de pays et leurs subdivisions Partie 1: Codespays.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO 639, the followingdefinitions apply.3 DfinitionsPour les besoins de la
39、 prsente partie de lISO 639,les dfinitions suivantes sappliquent.3.1codedata representation in different forms according to apre-established set of rules3.1codereprsentation de donnes sous diffrentes formes,selon un jeu de rgles prtablies3.2language codecombination of characters used to represent a
40、lan-guage or languages3.2codet de languecombinaison de caractres utilise pour reprsenterune langue ou des langues3.3collective language codelanguage code used to represent a group of languages3.3codet de langue collectifcodet de langue utilis pour reprsenter un groupe delangue4 Language codes4.1 For
41、m of the language codesThe language codes consist of three Latin-alphabetcharacters in lowercase. No diacritical marks or modi-fied characters are used. Implementors should beaware that these codes are not intended to be an ab-breviation for the language, but to serve as a device toidentify a given
42、language or group of languages. Thelanguage codes are derived from the language name.Two code sets are provided, one for bibliographicapplications (ISO 639-2/B), and one for terminologyapplications (ISO 639-2/T). Criteria for selecting theform of a language code for code set B were preference of the
43、 countries using the language,4 Codets de langue4.1 Forme des codets de langueLes codets de langue sont crits en minuscules etsont composs de trois lettres de lalphabet latin, lexclusion de tout signe diacritique et de tout carac-tre modifi. Il est recommand aux utilisateurs dtreattentifs ce que ces
44、 codes nont pas t conuspour tre une abrviation du nom de la langue, maispour servir de symbole pour identifier une languedonne ou un groupe de langue. Les codets de languesont drivs du nom de la langue.Deux codes sont fournis, lun pour des applicationsbibliographiques (ISO 639-2/B), lautre pour des
45、appli-cations en terminologie (ISO 639-2/T). Les critresCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO ISO 639-2:1998(E/F)3 established usage of codes in national an
46、d inter-national bibliographic databases, and the vernacular or English form of the language.Code set T was based on the vernacular form of the language, or preference of the countries using the language.There are twenty-three language names that havevariant codes assigned depending on the code setc
47、hosen.Future development of language codes will be based,whenever possible, on the vernacular form of the lan-guage, unless another language code is requested bythe country or countries using the language.The bibliographic or terminology code set must beused in its entirety, and the choice of the se
48、t usedmust be made clear by exchanging partners prior toinformation interchange. Users shall refer to ISO 639-2/B for the code set for bibliographic applications andISO 639-2/T for the code set for terminology applica-tions.To ensure continuity and stability, codes shall only bechanged for compelling reasons. After a change incodes, the previous code shall not be reassigned forat least five years. To accommodate large applicati
