1、AReference numberNumro de rfrenceISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDNORMEINTERNATIONALEISO6196-8First editionPremire dition1998-06-01Micrographics Vocabulary Part 8:UseMicrographie Vocabulaire Partie 8:ExploitationCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under l
2、icense with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F) ISO 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including ph
3、otocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. / Droits de reproduction rservs.Sauf prescription diffrente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite niutilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, ycompris la photocop
4、ie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de lditeur.International Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandInternet isoiso.chPrinted in Switzerland/Imprim en SuisseiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwidefederation of nationa
5、l standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whicha technical committee has been established has the right to be representedon that committee. International o
6、rganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISOcollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees areci
7、rculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard ISO 6196-8 was prepared by Technical CommitteeISO/TC 171, Document imaging applications, Subcommittee SC 3, Generalissues.ISO
8、 6196 consists of the following parts, under the general titleMicrographics Vocabulary: Part 1: General terms Part 2: Image positions and methods of recording Part 3: Film processing Part 4: Materials and packaging Part 5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection Part 6: Equipment Part 7: Computer
9、micrographics Part 8: UseAnnex A of this part of ISO 6196 is for information only.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)iiiAvant-proposL
10、ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fdrationmondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres delISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie auxcomits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par unetude a le droit de faire partie du c
11、omit technique cr cet effet. Lesorganisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collaboretroitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) ence qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique.Les proje
12、ts de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniquessont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication commeNormes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins descomits membres votants.La Norme internationale ISO 6196-8 a t labore par le comit techniqueISO/TC 171, Applica
13、tions imagerie documentaire, sous-comit SC 3,Gnralits.LISO 6196 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titregnral Micrographie Vocabulaire: Partie 1: Termes gnraux Partie 2: Disposition des images et modes de prise de vue Partie 3: Traitement photographique Partie 4: Supports et conditionn
14、ement Partie 5: Qualit, lisibilit, contrle Partie 6: Matriels Partie 7: Micrographie informatique Partie 8: ExploitationLannexe A de la prsente partie de lISO 6196 est donne uniquement titre dinformation.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISON
15、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)ivIntroductionMicrographics gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both anintellectual and a material nature. These exchanges often become difficult,either because of the great variety of
16、 terms used in various fields orlanguages to express the same concept, or because of the absence orimprecision of the definitions of useful concepts.To avoid misunderstandings and to facilitate such exchanges it is essentialto clarify the concepts, to select terms to be used in various languages ori
17、n various countries to express the same concept, and to establishdefinitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms indifferent languages.The purpose of ISO 6196 is to provide definitions that are rigorous,uncomplicated and which can be understood by all concerned. The scopeof each
18、 concept defined has been chosen to provide a definition that issuitable for general application. In those circumstances, where a restrictedapplication is concerned, the definition may need to be more specific.However, while it is possible to maintain the self-consistency of thisindividual standard,
19、 the reader is warned that the dynamics of languageand the problems associated with the standardization and maintenance ofvocabularies may introduce duplications and inconsistencies among otherstandards.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONo
20、t for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)vIntroductionLa micrographie donne lieu de trs nombreux changes commerciauxinternationaux qui sont souvent rendus difficiles, soit par la diversit destermes employs dans diffrents millieux ou dan
21、s diffrentes langues pourexprimer une mme notion, soit par labsence ou limprcision desdfinitions des notions utiles.Pour viter des malentendus ayant leur origine dans le vocabulaire etfaciliter ces changes, il convient de procder un choix des termes employer dans les diffrentes langues ou dans les d
22、iffrents pays pourdsigner la mme notion, et de rdiger des dfinitions assurant unequivalence satisfaisante entre ces diffrents termes.Le but de lISO 6196 est de procurer des dfinitions rigoureuses, simples etcomprhensibles pour tous les intresss. La porte de chaque notion at choisie de faon que sa df
23、inition puisse avoir la valeur la plusgnrale. Cependant, il est parfois ncessaire de restreindre une notion un domaine plus troit et de lui donner alors une dfinition plus spcifique.Dautre part, si lon peut assurer la cohrence interne de la prsente normeprise individuellement, la cohrence des divers
24、es normes entre elles estplus difficile atteindre. Le lecteur ne doit pas sen tonner: la dynamiquedes langues et les problmes de ltablissement et de la rvision desnormes de vocabulaire peuvent tre lorigine de quelques rptitions oucontradictions entre des normes qui ne sont pas toutes prpares etpubli
25、es simultanment.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for Res
26、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARDNORME INTERNATIONALEISO ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)1Micrographics Vocabulary Part 8:UseMicrographie Vocabulaire Partie 8:ExploitationSection 1: General Section 1: Gnralits1.1 Scope 1.1 Domaine dapplicationThis par
27、t of ISO 6196 is intended to facilitateinternational communication in micrographics. Itpresents, in two languages, definitions of selectedconcepts used in micrographics and identifiesrelationships between the entries.In order to facilitate their translation into otherlanguages, the definitions are d
28、rafted so as toavoid, as far as possible, any peculiarity attachedto a language.La prsente partie de lISO 6196 a pour objet defaciliter les changes internationaux dans ledomaine de la micrographie. cet effet, elleprsente un ensemble bilingue de termes et dedfinitions ayant trait des notions choisies
29、 dansce domaine, et dfinit les relations pouvant existerentre les diffrentes notions.Les dfinitions ont t tablies de manire viterles particularismes propres une langue donne,en vue de faciliter leur transposition dans leslangues autres que celles ayant servi la rdactioninitiale.1.2 Normative referen
30、ces 1.2 Rfrences normativesThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisionsof this part of ISO 6196. At the time of publication,the editions indicated were valid. All standards aresubject to revision, and parties to agreementsbased on this part o
31、f ISO 6196 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent editions of the standards indicated below.Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers ofcurrently valid International Standards.Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositionsqui, par suite de la rfrence qui en est fa
32、ite,constituent des dispositions valables pour laprsente partie de lISO 6196. Au moment de lapublication, les ditions indiques taient envigueur. Toute norme est sujette rvision et lesparties prenantes des accords fonds sur laprsente partie de lISO 6196 sont invites rechercher la possibilit dapplique
33、r les ditions lesplus rcentes des normes indiques ci-aprs. Lesmembres de la CEI et de lISO possdent leregistre des Normes internationales en vigueur un moment donn.ISO 1087:1990, Terminology Vocabulary. ISO 1087:1990, Terminologie Vocabulaire.Copyright International Organization for Standardization
34、Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)ISO2ISO 3166:1993, Codes for the representation ofnames of countries.ISO 3166:1993, Codes pour la rpresentation desnoms de pays.ISO 6196-1:1993, Micrographics
35、Vocabulary Part 1: General terms.ISO 6196 -1: 1983, Micrographie Vocabulaire Partie 1: Termes gnraux.ISO 6196-4:1), Micrographics Vocabulary Part 4: Materials and packaging.ISO 6196-4:1), Micrographie Vocabulaire Partie 4 : Supports et conditionnement.ISO 6196-5:1987, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 5
36、: Quality of images, legibility, inspection.ISO 6196-5:1987, Micrographie Vocabulaire Partie 5: Qualit, lisibilit, contrle.ISO 6196-6:1992, Micrographics Vocabulary Part 6: Equipment.ISO 6196-6:1992, Micrographie Vocabulaire Partie 6: Matriels.ISO 10241:1992, International terminologystandards Prepa
37、ration and layout.ISO 10241:1992, Normes terminologiquesinternationales laboration et prsentation.1.3 Principles and rules followed 1.3 Principes dtablissement et rglessuivies1.3.1 Definition of an entry 1.3.1 Dfinition de larticleSection 2 comprises a number of entries. Eachentry consists of a set
38、of essential elements thatincludes an index number, one term or severalsynonymous terms, and a phrase defining oneconcept. In addition, an entry may includeexamples, notes or illustrations to facilitateunderstanding of the concept.La section 2 est compose dun certain nombredarticles. Chaque article
39、est compos dunensemble dlments essentiels comprenant lenumro de rfrence, le terme ou plusieurs termessynonymes et la dfinition dune notion couvertepar ces termes. Cet ensemble peut tre compltpar des exemples, des notes, des schmas ou destableaux destins faciliter la comprhension de lanotion.Occasion
40、ally, the same term may be defined indifferent entries, or two or more concepts may becovered by one entry, as described in 1.3.5 and1.3.8 respectively.Parfois, le mme terme peut tre dfini dans desarticles diffrents, ou bien deux notions oudavantage peuvent tre couvertes par un seularticle: voir res
41、pectivement 1.3.5 et 1.3.8.The presentation rules laid down in ISO 10241 arefollowed in ISO 6196.Les rgles de prsentation nonces danslISO 10241 sont suivies dans lISO 6196.Other terms such as vocabulary, concept, termand definition, are used in this part of ISO 6196with the meaning defined in ISO 10
42、87.Dautres termes tels que vocabulaire, notion,terme, dfinition, sont employs dans la prsentepartie de lISO 6196 avec le sens qui leur estdonn dans lISO 1087.1.3.2 Organization of an entry 1.3.2 Constitution dun articleEach entry contains the essential elements definedin 1.3.1 and, if necessary, add
43、itional elements. Theentry may contain the following elements in thefollowing order:Chaque article contient des lments essentielsdfinis en 1.3.1 et, si ncessaire, des lmentssupplmentaires. Larticle peut donc comprendredans lordre les lments suivants:_1) To be published._1) publier.Copyright Internat
44、ional Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISOISO 6196-8:1998(E/F)3a) an index number (common for all languages inwhich this part of ISO 6196 is published);a) un numro de rfrence (le
45、mme, quelle quesoit la langue de publication de la prsente partiede lISO 6196);b) the term or the generally preferred term in thelanguage. The absence of a generally preferredterm for the concept in the language is indicated bya symbol consisting of five points (.); a row ofdots may be used to indic
46、ate, in a term, a word tobe chosen in each particular case;b) le terme, ou le terme prfr en gnral dans lalangue. Labsence, dans une langue, de termeconsacr ou conseiller pour exprimer une notionest indique par un symbole consistant en cinqpoints de suspension (.); les points desuspension peuvent tre
47、 employs pour dsigner,dans un terme, un mot choisir dans un casparticulier;c) the preferred term in a particular country(identified according to the rules of ISO 3166);c) le terme prfr dans un certain pays (identifiselon les rgles de lISO 3166);d) the abbreviation for the term; d) labrviation pouvan
48、t tre employe la placedu terme;e) permitted synonymous term(s); e) le terme ou les termes admis commesynonymes;f) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4); f) le texte de la dfinition (voir 1.3.4);g) one or more examples with the heading“EXAMPLE(S)“;g) un ou plusieurs exemples prcds du titreEXEMPLE(S);h) one or more notes specifying
