1、International Standard INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATIONWlEYHAPOHAR OPTAHWALWlR fl0 CAHAPTM3Al.WlORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Wood - Determination of volumetric swelling Bois - D6 termina tion du gon flemen t voJumique First edition - 1982-12-01 UDC 674.03 : 620.19323 53
2、9388.8 Ref. No. ISO 4860-1982 (E) Descriptors : wood, tests, determination, swelling, volumetric measurement. l Piice based on 3 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
3、from IHS-,-,-Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO member bodies). The work of developing lnter- national Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject f
4、or which a technical committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take patt in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the m
5、ember bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 4860 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 55, Sawn timber and sawlogs, and was circulated to the member bodies in April 1980. lt has been approved by the member bodies o
6、f the following countries: Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Egypt, Arab Rep. of Finland The member bodies of on technical grounds : the following countries expressed disapproval of the document Ghana Poland Hungary Romania India South Africa, Rep. of Italy Spain Korea, Dem. p
7、. Rep. of Sweden Korea, rep. of Turkey New Zealand USSR Norway Y ugoslavia Canada trance I reland Netherlands International Organkation for Standardkation, 1982 0 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo re
8、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 48604982 (E) 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies two methods for the determination of the volumetric swelling of wood: - the stereometric method, used for test pieces made in
9、 accordance with ISO 4859; - the mercury volumenometer method, used for test pieces of any shape. 2 References ISO 3129, Wood - Sampling methods and general re- quiremen ts for ph ysical and Chemical tes t. ISO 3130, Wood - Determination o f mois ture con ten t for physical and mechanical tests. . I
10、SO 4859, Wood - Determination o f radial and tangential sweling. 3 Principle Determination of the Change in volume of test pieces after dry- ing, at a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal en- vironment, and at a moisture content equal to or greater than the Saturation Point of the cellula
11、r Walls of wood. 4 Stereometric method 4.1 Apparatus See ISO 4859, clause 4. 4.2 Preparation of test pieces See ISO 4859, clause 5. 4.3 Procedure 1) 4.3.1 Carry out the test in accordance with ISO 4859, clause 6. Wood - Determination of volumetric swelling 4.3.2 For species showing significant swell
12、ing along the grain, also measure the dimensional changes of the test piece in the longitudinal direction. 4.4 Expression of results 4.4.1 Calculate the total volumetric swelling, aVmax, as a percentage, without taking account the swelling along the grain, by the (approximate) formula (4 max x I, ma
13、x) - (4 min 4 min) Qmax = x 100 1 t min x 4 min where 1 t max and 4 max are the dimensions of the test piece, in millimetres, at a moisture content greater than the satura- tion Point of the cellular Walls of wood, measured in the tangential and radial directions, respectively; 1 t min and I, min ar
14、e the dimensions of the test piece, in millimetres, after drying, measured in the tangential and radial directions, respectively. Express the result to the nearest 0,l %. Calculate the total volumetric swelling, ar./max, if dimensional changes have been also measured on the test piece in the longitu
15、dinal direction, as a percentage, by the formula (4 max x 4 max x la max) - (4 min x 4 min x la min) = x 100 1 t min x 4 min x Ia min , where I t max 4 max and la max are the dimensions of the test piece, in millimetres, at a moisture content greater than the satura- tion Point of the cellular Walls
16、 of wood, measured in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions, respectively. z t min1 4 min and la min are the dimensions of the test piece, in millimetres, after drying, measured in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions, respectively. Express the result to the nearest 0,l %.
17、 1) If necessary, swelling may also be determined at relative humidities between 30 and 90 %. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 48604982 (E) 4.4.2 Calcu
18、late the volumetric swelling, avn, when the moisture content changes to equilibrium with the normal en- vironment (relative humidity 65 rt 5 %; temperature 20 + 2 “Cl, as a percentage, by the formula - (it x Zr) - (lt min x 1, min) aVn = x 100 . f t min It- min where lt and 1,. are the dimensions of
19、 the test piece, in millimetres, at a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal en- vironment, measured in the tangential and radial directions, respectively; z t min and lr min have the same meaning as in 4.4.1. Express the result to the nearest 0,l %. Calculate the total volumetric swelling,
20、 avn, if dimensional changes have been also measured on the test piece in the iongitudinal direction, as a percentage, by the formula aVn = Czt x Zr x Za) - (lt min x Zr min x la min) x 100 z t min x I, min x la min where It, I, and a are the dimensions of the test piece, in millimetres, at a moistu
21、re content in equilibrium with the normal environment, measured in the tangential, radial and longitudinal direction, respectively; l t mir-v 4 min and /a min have the same meaning as in 4.4.1. Express the result of the nearest 0,l %. ercury volumenometer method 5.1 Apparatus 51.1 Mercury volumenome
22、ter, capable of measuring the volume of a test piece, from the volume of mercury it displaces, to an accuracy of 0,Ol cm3. NOTE - lt is necessary to observe appropriate safety precautions when using a mercury volumenometer. 5.1.2 5.1.3 51.4 Oven, for drying wood at a temperature of 103 It 2 OC. Vess
23、el, containing distilled water. Air-tight vessel, containing a desiccant. 5.2 Preparation sf test pieces 52.1 Test pieces may be made in any shape, but shall have a volume of 4 to 16 cm? 5.2.2 The number of test pieces shall be in accordance with ISO 3129. 5.3 Procedurel) 53.1 Dry the test pieces to
24、 constant volume at a temperature of 103 + 2 OC in the oven (5.1.2) so that no Checks distorting their dimensions and shape occur. Check the changes in volume of two or three control test pieces by repeated measurements, as specified in 5.3.4, every 2 h after 6 h from the beginning of drying. Stop t
25、he drying when the differente between two successive measurements does not exceed 0,02 cm? The drying of test pieces may be stopped by using the method of successive weighing in accordance with ISO 3130. 5.3.2 Test pieces in which Checks occurred during the test period shall be disregarded. 5.3.3 Co
26、ol the test pieces to room temperature in the air-tight vessel containing the desiccant (5.1.4). 5.3.4 Measure the volume, Vmin, of every test piece to an ac- curacy of 0,Ol cm? 5.3.5 Condition the test pieces to a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal environment (relative humidity 65 + 5
27、 %; temperature 20 Vmin has the same meaning as in 5.4.1 Express the result to the nearest 0,l %. 6 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: reference to this International Standard; information required by ISO 3129 (subclause 6.4); method of determining swelling; type an
28、d volume of material tested (stand and number of selected trees; lot of sawn timber and number of selected boards, etc); e) shape and dimensions of the test pieces; the directions of the grains; f) number of test pieces tested; g) moisture content in equilibrium with the normal en- vironment (relati
29、ve humidity 65 + 5 %; temperature 20 * 2 “C); h) the test results, calculated as specified in 4.4 and 5.4, and their statistical values (together with the relative humidity and temperature if swelling was determined under conditions different from those specified in 4.3 or 5.3.51.; j date of testing
30、; k) place of testing. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page intentionally leff blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provide
31、d by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page intentionally lefi blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page intentionally left blank Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
