1、INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO4582Third edition2007-08-01Reference numberISO 4582:2007(E) ISO 2007Plastics Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sourcesPlastiques Dtermination des changements de colora
2、tion et des variations de proprits aprs exposition la lumire du jour sous verre, aux agents atmosphriques ou aux sources lumineuses de laboratoireISO 4582:2007(E)ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedPDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, thi
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7、49 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandISO 4582:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 Determination of changes in colour or other appearance attributes 35 Determination of c
8、hanges in mechanical or other properties . 56 Expression of results 77 Precision . 98 Test report 9Annex A (normative) Statistical formulae based on ISO 2602 for determination of meanand standard deviation and procedure for determination of timeto 50 % loss of property 10Annex B (informative) Possib
9、le effects of surface cleaning on assessment of exposure 15Bibliography . 16ISO 4582:2007(E)iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International S
10、tandards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also t
11、ake part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is
12、to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility th
13、at some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 4582 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemicaland environmental resistance.This third ed
14、ition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4582:1998), which has been technically revised.ISO 4582:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved vIntroductionA number of different exposure techniques can be used to provide information on the effects of environmentalstresses such as light, heat and wa
15、ter on plastics (see ISO 877 and ISO 4892). Each exposure test has its ownparticular application and relevance. When determining changes in a particular property or attribute of amaterial subjected to different exposures, the same evaluation methods should be used after all exposures toensure meanin
16、gful results.Results for plastics subjected to exposure tests are strongly dependent on the type of exposure conditionsused, the type of plastic being tested and the property being evaluated. A result obtained for one property maynot be the same as that for a different property of the same material,
17、 even if the same exposure test is used.This standard is not intended to establish a fixed procedure for conducting the exposure test, but is intended toprovide a set of specific procedures used to express the results for change in a characteristic property of thematerial after it has been exposed.
18、It is up to the user to determine which exposure conditions are most relevantto the specific material and the service conditions being used.Test methods should be selected to determine changes in appearance and properties of the exposed materialwith its proposed application in mind. The exposure tes
19、t used should be devised to discriminate amongmaterials based on such changes. This standard suggests typical properties that can be used to determinechanges in plastics which have been subjected to exposure tests.NOTE Because of large differences in the spectral distribution of the light sources us
20、ed, there can be large differences inresults for the same plastics exposed in the various devices described in ISO 4892. Therefore, comparisons betweenplastics should only be made based on results from exposures in the same type of device and under the same conditions.For optimum comparisons, plasti
21、cs should be exposed at the same time in the same device.vi INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4582:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Plastics Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources1ScopeThis
22、International Standard describes procedures used to determine changes in colour and other appearanceproperties, and variations in mechanical or other properties, of plastics that have been exposed to daylightbehind glass, to natural weathering or to light from a laboratory source. The procedure used
23、 to analyse datadepends on whether the test used to characterize the materials being exposed is destructive or non-destructive.The exposures are conducted under conditions described in specific exposure standards.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the appl
24、ication of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 75 (all parts), Plastics Determination of temperature of deflection under loadISO 105-A01, Textiles Tests for col
25、our fastness Part A01: General principles of testingISO 105-A02, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colourISO 105-A03, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A03: Grey scale for assessing stainingISO 178, Plastics Determination of flexural propertiesISO
26、179 (both parts), Plastics Determination of Charpy impact propertiesISO 180, Plastics Determination of Izod impact strengthISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testingISO 306, Plastics Thermoplastic materials Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)ISO 527 (all parts
27、), Plastics Determination of tensile propertiesISO 2602, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation of the mean Confidence intervalISO 2813, Paints and varnishes Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20, 60 and85ISO 2818, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by
28、machiningISO 4628-6, Paints and varnishes Evaluation of degradation of coatings Designation of quantity and sizeof defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking bytape methodISO 6603-1, Plastics Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid
29、 plastics Part 1: Non-instrumented impact testingISO 4582:2007(E)2 ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 6603-2, Plastics Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics Part 2: Instrumentedimpact testingISO 6721-1, Plastics Determination of dynamic mechanical properties Part 1: General princ
30、iplesISO 6721-3, Plastics Determination of dynamic mechanical properties Part 3: Flexural vibration Resonance-curve methodISO 6721-5, Plastics Determination of dynamic mechanical properties Part 5: Flexural vibration Non-resonance methodISO 7724 (all parts), Paints and varnishes ColorimetryISO 8256,
31、 Plastics Determination of tensile-impact strengthISO 13468-1, Plastics Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent materials Part 1:Single-beam instrumentISO 14782, Plastics Determination of haze for transparent materialsCIE Publication No. 15, Colorimetry3 Terms and definition
32、sFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 controlmaterial which is of similar composition and construction to the test material, used for comparison and exposedat the same time as the test material3.2 file specimenportion of the material to be tested which is
33、stored under conditions in which it is stable, and is used forcomparison between the exposed and the original state3.3 masked areaportion of the exposed specimen which is protected from light exposure by maskingNOTE The masked area is not protected from heat and moisture.3.4 test specimenspecific po
34、rtion of the material upon which the testing is to be performed3.5 replicate specimensidentical pieces of the test material being evaluated which are all exposed, conditioned and tested at the sametimeISO 4582:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 34 Determination of changes in colour or other appear
35、ance attributes4.1 Changes in colour4.1.1 PrinciplesChanges in colour of plastics test specimens exposed in accordance with the specific exposure standard (seeClause 2) are determined by one of the following methods:a) an instrumental method;b) visual assessment using a scale.NOTE The list in Clause
36、 2 is not exhaustive and other standard methods for the determination of properties may also besuitable (see 5.1).4.1.2 Apparatus4.1.2.1 Instruments for measuring colour or changes in colour, conforming to the requirements specifiedin ISO 7724 for opaque specimens. For light-transmitting specimens,
37、instruments shall conform to therequirements of CIE Publication No. 15.4.1.2.2 Grey scale for assessing change in colour, in accordance with ISO 105-A02 or ISO 105-A03 (seealso Annex B to this International Standard). In this scale, grade 1 corresponds to the strongest contrast, andgrade 5 to zero c
38、ontrast (two samples with identical colour).NOTE The dark grey scale of ISO 105-A02 is well suited to assessing the extent of fading of relatively strong colours ordeep shades. The use of the near-white grey scale of ISO 105-A03 may be found preferable for assessing thediscolouration, e.g. yellowing
39、, of white or near-white specimens.4.1.3 Test specimensSpecimens of test and control materials shall conform to the requirements of the appropriate InternationalStandard dealing with the specific exposure method used (see Clause 2 and the Note to 4.1.1). Wheneverpossible, a control material of known
40、 weathering properties shall be included in the exposure experiment.Unless otherwise specified, at least three replicate specimens of each material being exposed shall be used.4.1.4 Procedure4.1.4.1 GeneralThe specific procedure used for assessment of colour changes and any surface cleaning shall be
41、 agreed uponby all interested parties and shall be included in the test report. Determine colour changes as specified in theappropriate International Standard.Typically, colour changes are determined at a series of exposure stages in order to evaluate the rate of colourchange caused by exposure. In
42、some cases, colour change is determined after a predetermined or specifiedexposure increment. Measurement or visual assessment of colour should be made as soon as possible afterspecimens are removed from exposure in order to minimize the effect of dark reactions, although in some casesit is preferab
43、le to condition the specimens for e.g. after removal from exposure as appearance propertiesassessed just after removal from exposure may vary, depending whether the specimen was removed at the endof a wet exposure period or at the end of a dry exposure period.NOTE Because of variability in exposure
44、results, comparison of colour changes of different materials is best done when thematerials are simultaneously exposed in a single exposure device or at the same exterior location.24 hISO 4582:2007(E)4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved4.1.4.2 Instrumental assessmentMeasure colour on all specimens before
45、exposure and after each exposure stage. lf required, measure colouron file specimens of each material when measuring colour on exposed specimens. Follow the proceduresdescribed in ISO 7724 when measuring the colour and determining the colour change of opaque specimenswith instruments. For light-tran
46、smitting specimens, follow the procedures described in CIE Publication No. 15.NOTE ASTM E 13473also describes colour measurement of light-transmitting materials.4.1.4.3 Visual assessmentFollow the procedure described in ISO 105-A01 when determining colour change by visual assessment. Use agrey scale
47、 meeting the requirements of ISO 105-A02 or ISO 105-A03. Compare the contrast rating of theexposed specimen and file specimens using the grey scale. The rating of colour change is the grade on the greyscale which shows the same contrast as between the exposed test specimen and an unexposed file spec
48、imenof the same material.NOTE Current information about suppliers of grey scales can be obtained from the secretariat of ISO/TC 38/SC 1.lf the contrast observed lies between two ratings on the grey scale, it can be characterized by an intermediaterating. For example, a 3-4 rating signifies that, at
49、the given exposure stage, the contrast between the exposedtest specimen and the unexposed file specimen is greater than that of rating 4 on the grey scale, but less thanthat of rating 3.Report the nature of the colour change in terms of the rating on the grey scale. In addition, the type of colourchange shall also be determined and reported. Use the following terms to describe ch
