1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE IS0 4246 Second edition Deuxihme ddition 1994-12-15 Cinematography - Vocabulary Cidmatographie - Vocabulaire Reference number Numkro de rbfkrence IS0 4246:1994(E/F) IS0 4246:1994(E/F) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a w
2、orldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
3、on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards ad
4、opted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 4246 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 36, Cinematography. This sec
5、ond edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 4246:1984), of which it constitutes a technical revision. (D IS0 1994 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including ph
6、otocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. / Droits de reproduction reserves. Sauf prescription differente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut &re reproduite ni utilisrk sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro&de, Blectronique ou rnkanique, y compris
7、la photocopie et les microfilms, sans Iaccord krit de Mdiieur. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 96 l CH-1211 Gen&ve 20 l Swiherland Printed in Switzerland / Imprime en Suisse ii IS0 IS0 4246:1994(E/F) Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une
8、 fodoration mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (cornit& membres de IISO). Lglaboration des Normes internationales est en g&A-al confide aux cornit& techniques de IISO. Chaque comitc membre int&es& par une 6tude a le droit de faire pat-tie du cornit technique cr&+ a cet effet. Les organi
9、sations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouver- nementales, en liaison avec IISO participent dgalement aux travaux. LISO collabore otroitement avec la Commission Blectrotechnique inter- nationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation electrotechnique. Les projets de Normes international
10、es adopt& par les comites techni- ques sont soumis aux comites membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert Iapprobation de 75 % au moins des cornit& membres votants. La Norme internationale IS0 4246 a 6th dlaborke par le cornit technique ISO/TC 36, CMmatographie. Cette
11、deuxicme 6dition annule et remplace la premiere Edition (IS0 4246:1984), dont elle constitue une revision technique. . . . III INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Q IS0 NORME INTERNATIONALE IS0 4246:1994(E/FI Cinematography - Vocabulary Scope This International Standard presents a list of cine- matographic terms
12、 and their definitions which are peculiar to the motion-picture industry. Certain terms which are considered to be closely related to the fundamental terms within pertinent applications are added for information. Definitions 1 A and B printing technique of assembling negatives or reversal films onto
13、 separate rolls to eliminate the reproduction of splices and facilitate the printing of optical effects, fades, dissolves, etc. 2 academy leader head leader with a countdown section based on 35 mm footage (16 frames per foot) with content designed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences c
14、f. universal leader 3 accent SEE back light Cinkmatographie - Vocabulaire Domaine dapplication La prosente Norme internationale contient une liste de termes avec leur definition particuliore, propre a Iindustrie cinomatographique. Certains termes, consid& comme ktroitement apparent& aux termes fonda
15、mentaux pour des applications approprif$es, sont ajoutfk B titre infor- matif. Dbfinitions 1 sctirage A et BH pro&de de montage dun negatif ou dun positif selon lequel chaque scene se trouve dans Iun des deux rouleaux &pares, nommes (Aa et c(B), pour eliminer les collures visibles et faciliter le ti
16、rage deffets optiques, fondus communs, enchain&, etc. 2 amorce cAcademy*, amorce de tete avec un compte B rebours base sur le piktage 35 mm (16 images par pied), dont le contenu est defini par (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences1 cf. amorce universelle 3 accent VOIR d&xochage 1 IS0 4246:199
17、4(E/F) CQ IS0 4 acetate film safety film whose base is composed principally of cellulose triacetate 5 “Action! ” command to begin the scene to be photographed, usually given by the director 6 additive lamphouse printer lamphouse consisting of three light sources (possibly from a single lamp), one fo
18、r each of the additive primary colour records 7 additive printing printing process in which control of exposure condi- tions is effected by separately adjusting the intensi- ties of three spectral component lights 8 additive printing tape tape which controls the exposure conditions of an additive pr
19、inter 9 ADR SEE looping 10 adventure film film depicting hazardous enterprises or undertakings of uncertain outcome, including elements of excitement, danger, risk and fortune or luck 11 advertising film very short film generally no more than 2 min long, intended as an announcement of goods or servi
20、ces for sale 12 aeolight gas-discharge lamp for the recording of photo- graphic sound NOTE -This term is no longer in use. 4 film ac8tate film de sGcurit6, dont le support est principalement constitue de triacetate de cellulose 5 (Action! BB ordre, habituellement don& par le Galisateur, pour commenc
21、er a tourner une scene 6 lanterne additive (de tireuse) lanterne ayant trois sources lumineuses indepen- dantes (pouvant provenir dune seule lampe), une pour chacune des trois couleurs primaires 7 tirage additif procede de tirage dans lequel le controle des condi- tions dexposition est effectue par
22、ajustement &pare de Iintensite des trois composantes spectrales de la lumiere 8 bande de tirage additif bande avec laquelle seffectue le controle des condi- tions dexposition dun tirage additif 9 ADR VOIR enregistrement en boucle 10 film daventure film qui decrit des entreprises hasardeuses a la con
23、- clusion incertaine, comportant des elements dexcita- tion, de danger, de risque, de hasard et de chance 11 film publicitaire film tres court (ne dopassant pas g6neralement 2 min), produit pour promouvoir la vente de biens ou de services 12 lampe ii lueur lampe a decharge dans un gaz, utilisee pour
24、 Ienre- gistrement du son NOTE - Ce terme nest plus utilisk Q IS0 IS0 4246:1994(E/F) 13 aerial camera camera designed to be used from an aircraft 14 aerial camera motion-picture camera designed for use in optical effects printing where an aerial image in space is rephotographed 15 ambient light illu
25、mination within an area produced by scattered light or general lighting conditions 16 anamorphic attachment anamorphotic attachment optical device which is used in conjunction with a primary lens to obtain a horizontally compressed or expanded image 17 anamorphic print anamorphotic print print conta
26、ining an image which has been com- pressed in the horizontal direction 18 anamorphotic attachment SEE anamorphic attachment 19 anamorphotic print SEE anamorphic print 20 animated film film usually obtained through frame-by-frame ex- posure of drawings or puppets to simulate movement 21 answer print
27、print intended for approval of laboratory functions such as timing and sound synchronization cf. check print 13 camera a&ienne camera aviation camera cinematographique concue pour etre utilisee a bord dun avion 14 camera akienne camera truca camera cinematographique concue pour realiser des effets o
28、ptiques (trucage) par rephotographie de Iimage aerienne 15 lumiike ambiante eclairage produit par la lumiere diffuse ou provenant des conditions g&r&ales dklairement 16 anamorphoseur dispositif optique, utilise en combinaison avec un objectif primaire, pour obtenir une image comprimee a la prise de
29、vue ou dlargie a la projection dans le sens horizontal 17 copie anamorphosee copie qui Porte une image comprimee dans le sens horizontal 18 I . . . . VOIR anamorphoseur 19 . . . . . VOIR copie anamorphosb 20 film danimation film habituellement obtenu par la prise de vue image par image de dessins ou
30、 de marionnettes, donnant Iillusion du mouvement 21 copie 0 copie zero copie destinee a la vkrification et a Iapprobation des travaux du laboratoire tels que Ietalonnage et le synchronisme son-image cf. copie dessai 3 IS0 4246:1994(E/F) 0 IS0 22 anti-flicker blade extra blade incorporated into the p
31、rojector shutter, which increases the flash frequency, thereby reduc- ing perceived flicker 23 aperture plate opaque metal frame in the image path of a camera or projector to restrict the image area to that which is intended 24 aperture stop SEE optical aperture 25 arc lamphouse protective housing f
32、or the light source (carbon or xenon) of a projector 26 aspect ratio ratio or relationship of the width to the height of an image 27 auditorium loudspeaker ambient and surround loudspeakers, positioned in the auditorium outside of the projection screen 28 automated dialogue replacement SEE looping 2
33、9 A-wind winding A winding of a roll of unexposed motion-picture film with nonsymmetrical rows of perforations, wound on a core or spool with the emulsion in and held so that the outside end of the film leaves the roll at the top and toward the right and the reference edge is toward the observer (se
34、e IS0 3042) 30 azimuth angular relationship of the scanning beam or mag- netic head gap, or of a recording on a medium, to the direction of film travel cf. optical azimuth 22 pale de compensation pale additionnelle, incorporee ?r Iobturateur du projecteur pour accroitre la frequence de leclairage de
35、 la fenetre de facon a reduire Ieffet de scintille- ment 23 cache fen6tre cache m&allique opaque constituant la fenetre dune camera ou dun projecteur et delimitant le format de Iimage enregistree ou projetee 24 art& douverture VOIR ouverture optique 25 lanterne B arc boitier de protection dans leque
36、l est situ& Iarc de projection (charbon ou xenon) 26 format dimage rapport entre la largeur et la hauteur de Iimage 27 haut-parleurs dambiance haut-parleurs situ& dans la Salle en dehors de la zone de lecran 28 calage automatis des dialogues VOIR enregistrement en boucle 29 enroulement A lorsquun ro
37、uleau de film vierge dont les rangees de perforations ne sont pas symetriques, enroule sur un noyau ou une bobine avec Iemulsion a Iinterieur, est tenu de sorte que le brin libre du film se deroule du sommet vers la droite, il est design6 comme enroulement de type A, si le bord de reference est du c
38、&e de Iobservateur (voir IS0 3042) 30 azimut relation angulaire entre le faisceau dun scanner ou Ientrefer dune tQte magn&ique, et la direction de transport du film cf. azimut optique 0 IS0 IS0 4246:1994(E/F) 31 baby spot small Fresnel-type spotlight usually of 750 W or less 32 backdrop piece of mat
39、erial, usually fabric of uniform colour, or a painted scene used to confine the acting area or as a scenic background to the acting area 33 background atmosphere component of the sound record, consisting of back- ground effects, such as ambient noise, surf, birds, crickets, traffic, etc. 34 backgrou
40、nd music music which accompanies the action of a film, not emanating from a visible source 36 background noise unwanted components of the sound record, consist- ing of extraneous sound picked up during recording, and noise generated by the equipment 36 background plate transparency or motion-picture
41、 print used for back- ground projection 37 background projection projection of an image, still or in motion, onto a screen (translucent or reflecting) serving as a back- ground in front of which the action to be photo- graphed is staged NOTE -This may be achieved either by rear projection onto a tra
42、nslucent screen or by front projection onto a reflecting screen. 38 back light accent contour fringe hairlight halo light directed against the back of subjects to outline them in regard to setting 31 spot petit projecteur d%clairage de scene, B condenseur de Fresnel et B faisceau concent& et dirig6,
43、 ayant une lampe de puissance 6gale ou infdrieure & 750 W 32 d&ouverte (cycle) panneau habituellement en tissu de couleur unie ou comportant une reproduction, utilis6 pour limiter le champ de la prise de vue ou comme fond 33 ambiance sonore composante denregistrement sonore comprenant les fonds sono
44、res tels que bruits dambiance, bruits de circulation, bruit de vagues, chants doiseaux, etc. 34 musique daccompagnement musique accompagnant Iaction dun film 36 bruit de fond son parasite enregistre et bruit apport6 par I%qui- pement dlectronique 36 fond photographique diapositive ou film utilis6 co
45、mme fond projet 37 fond projete projection dune image photographique ou cinbma- tographique sur un &ran (translucide ou t%fl&his- sant), servant darrkre-plan & une action B filmer NOTE -Cet effet peut &re produit soit par projection arrkre sur un &ran translucide, soit par projection frontale sur un
46、 &ran r6fkkhissant. 38 decrochage accent contour lumi&e dirigee vers Iarrikre des sujets pour les silhouetter par rapport au fond 5 IS0 4246:1994(E/F) Q IS0 39 balance stripe additional stripe placed on the opposite edge of film from the magnetic sound record stripe to ensure even winding of film, u
47、sually of magnetic material if used for recording 40 barn door frame with adjustable flaps, attached to the light to control unwanted spill light of the spread of the light beam 41 barney bag or cover of thick material to reduce the noise level of a camera in operation cf. blimp 42 base support mate
48、rial upon which photographic emul- sions or magnetic coatings are coated 43 Bell and Howell perforation film perforation shaped with flat top and bottom and curved sides (IS0 491, type N) 44 bilateral sound track variable area photographic sound record in which the modulation is symmetrical about th
49、e centreline of the modulation 45 bipack film two films of different photographic characteristics run simultaneously, emulsion against emulsion, through a camera or optical printer NOTE - Used in twocolour process or for optical effects (travelling matte work). 46 black-and-white film film which produces a monochromatic picture in shades of grey (usually a metallic silver image) 39 piste de compensation piste magnetique additionnelle, situ&e sur la marge du film opposee 6 celle qui Porte la piste magnetique denregistrement du
