1、 Reference number ISO 29042-2:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29042-2 First edition 2009-02-15 Safety of machinery Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances Part 2: Tracer gas method for the measurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant Scurit des machines valuat
2、ion de lmission de substances dangereuses vhicules par lair Partie 2: Mthode par gaz traceur pour le mesurage du taux dmission dun polluant donn ISO 29042-2:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or vi
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7、 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedISO 29042-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b
8、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a
9、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives
10、, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies ca
11、sting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 29042-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery. ISO 29
12、042 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances: Part 1: Selection of test methods Part 2: Tracer gas method for the measurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant Part 3: Test bench method for the me
13、asurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant Part 4: Tracer method for the measurement of the capture efficiency of an exhaust system The following parts are under preparation: Part 5: Test bench method for the measurement of the separation efficiency by mass of air cleaning systems with undu
14、cted outlet Part 6: Test bench method for the measurement of the separation efficiency by mass of air cleaning systems with ducted outlet Part 7: Test bench method for the measurement of the pollutant concentration parameter A room method for the measurement of the pollutant concentration parameter
15、and a decontamination index are to form the subjects of future parts 8 and 9. ISO 29042-2:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows: a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for
16、design, and general aspects that can be applied to all machinery; b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface t
17、emperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive devices, guards); c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This part of ISO 29042 is a
18、type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1. The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard. For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements o
19、f that type-C standard take precedence. ISO/TC 199 has a mandate in this area to produce type-A and type-B standards, which will allow verification of conformity with the essential safety requirements. ISO 29042-2 is based on EN 1093-2:2006, amended by Amendment 1:2008, published by the European Com
20、mittee for Standardization (CEN). INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29042-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Safety of machinery Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances Part 2: Tracer gas method for the measurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant 1 Scope This part of ISO
21、 29042 specifies a method using tracer gas techniques to enable measurement of the emission rates of gaseous substances from a single machine whose operation can be controlled. It is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of publication of this part of ISO 29042. 2 Normative refere
22、nces The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic c
23、oncepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology ISO 29042-1:2008, Safety of machinery Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances Part 1: Selection of test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given
24、 in ISO 12100-1 and ISO 29042-1 and the following apply. 3.1 tracer gas technique use of gaseous substances with an aerodynamic behaviour comparable with the gaseous hazardous substance under consideration and for which concentrations can be reliably measured 4 Principle The principle is based on th
25、e use of a tracer gas generated at a known and constant emission rate to provide the best representation of the pollutant source. The mean tracer gas and pollutant concentrations are measured in the vicinity of the source. Assuming that the aerodynamic behaviour of the pollutant is equal to that of
26、the tracer gas, the pollutant emission rate can be determined. ISO 29042-2:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved5 Location of the machine 5.1 General The method is intended to be used for a machine located either in a test room or in the field. 5.2 Room method The general airflow patterns in the te
27、st room should be characterized to enable more precise control of the general and local ventilation to be achieved. The machine should be placed in the centre of the room. 5.3 Field method Many machines cannot be tested in a test room because they are too large, too difficult to handle or have speci
28、al installation or process requirements. Tests may be performed on machines in the places where they are installed, i.e. the workplace. For this purpose, it shall be ensured that pollutants from other emission sources present in the room shall not affect the measurements of the concentrations of the
29、 specific pollutant emitted from the machine under test. 6 Apparatus and materials 6.1 Tracer gas emitter, capable of providing a release of the tracer gas in the same manner as the pollutant emission. The shape of the emitter should resemble the shape of the real pollutant source. A distinction is
30、generally drawn between point sources (e.g. welding operations, localized leaks from gaskets and flanges, localized spraying, such as a painting jet), plane sources (e.g. open vessel or tank containing liquid or melted solid liable to evaporate or sublimate, such as galvanizing baths and electroplat
31、ing baths), and volumetric sources (e.g. closed machine with distributed leaks, rubber making machine, printing machine, degreaser, dry-cleaning machine, diffuse spraying such as plant-care products in agriculture). Point sources should be simulated by opened tubes producing jets of variable aerodyn
32、amic characteristics or by sintered materials diffusing the tracer gas at a low initial velocity. Plane and volumetric sources should be simulated by a network of point sources or perforated tubes that are suitably distributed. 6.2 Tracer gas flow rate measuring device, capable of measuring tracer g
33、as flow rates in the appropriate range. NOTE The tracer gas flow rate depends on the sensitivity of the tracer gas analyser. For most applications, a device calibrated to measure flow rates in the range from 1 l min 1to 10 l min 1is suitable. 6.3 Tracer gas flow rate adjusting device, e.g. valve. 6.
34、4 Gas analyser(s), preferably direct-reading. An alternative method of measuring the pollutant concentration is to collect the gas on vapour absorption tubes for later analysis in the laboratory using gas analyser(s). The gas analyser(s) should be selected so as to avoid any interference from any ch
35、emical substances present, other than the pollutant and tracer gas, in the test room or workplace where the machine under test is situated. Calibrations shall be carried out in accordance with an appropriate International Standard. ISO 29042-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 The choice of gas
36、 analyser depends upon the tracer gas and pollutant to be measured. Suitable analysers include infrared, electron capture, FID analysers, or mass spectrometer. Their performances should be checked before use. The analysers used should not be susceptible to change in environmental conditions such as
37、temperature and relative humidity. 6.5 Connecting piping, for connection of the sampled tracer gas and pollutant gas to the analysers. The piping length should be as short as possible and the material chosen to limit adsorption on the piping walls, e.g. PTFE. If the machine is located in a dirty wor
38、kplace, atmosphere particle filters should be fitted. For vapour adsorption tubes, the piping length upstream should be shorter. 6.6 Tracer gas, required to be selected using the following criteria: d) nil or very low toxicity; e) chemical stability at the intended process temperature; f) easily mea
39、surable at low concentrations; g) non-interference with pollutants present in the room; h) low background level. The tracer gas chosen should have a relative density close to 1. The tracer gas can be mixed with an appropriate gas. NOTE The choice of the tracer gas and associated analyser depends, in
40、 particular, on the desired accuracy, measurement range and cost. The gases normally used are helium, sulphur hexafluoride and nitrous oxide. 7 Measurement points There should be at least three measurement points around the machine (see Figure 1). These should be positioned close to the machine, e.g
41、. between 1 m and 3 m, and at the height at which the pollutant is generated. At each measurement point, both tracer gas and pollutant concentrations are measured. The measurement points should be determined by pre-testing to ensure that they are in zones of measurable emission. ISO 29042-2:2009(E)
42、4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 to 4 measurement points 5 pollutant source 6 mixing fan Figure 1 Example of location of four measurement points in a test room 8 Procedure 8.1 Prepare the machine in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 8.2 Position the tracer gas emitter as close to th
43、e source of the pollutant from the machine as possible so that the tracer gas will be mixed with the pollutant before emission into the atmosphere. 8.3 Ensure that the air exhausted from the room is not re-circulated. 8.4 Switch on the gas analysers and allow to stabilize according to the instructio
44、ns for use. 8.5 Connect the cylinder of tracer gas to its flow meter and adjusting device, and to the tracer gas emitter. 8.6 Set up the tracer gas and pollutant measurement points. Ensure that for each measurement point the tracer gas and pollutant samplers are positioned as close to one another as
45、 possible. If the measurements are to be carried out in a dirty atmosphere, fit particle filters to the tracer gas and pollutant sample lines. 8.7 Measure the background concentrations of the pollutant and tracer gas before and after the test. 8.8 Switch on the machine and tracer gas supply. A preli
46、minary test should be carried out to ensure that the pollutant and tracer gas concentrations are within the calibrated range of the analysers. If this is not achieved, either move the measurement point until it is within range, or in the case of the pollutant gas analyser, adjust ISO 29042-2:2009(E)
47、 ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5 the range. For the tracer gas, adjust the flow rate until it is within the calibrated range of the tracer gas analyser. 8.9 Switch off the machine and tracer gas supply and allow the tracer gas concentrations to return to a stable level (zero or background). 8.10 Reco
48、rd the tracer gas and pollutant concentrations. 8.11 Switch on the machine and the tracer gas supply. 8.12 Record the tracer gas flow rate. 8.13 Record the increase of the tracer gas concentration at the measurement points until stable concentrations have been achieved. NOTE The time for this depend
49、s upon the time constant of the test room (equals inverse of air exchange rate). A typical sampling period is of the order of three time constants of the test room. 8.14 When stable concentrations have been achieved, carry on recording the pollutant concentration and tracer gas concentration for a suitable time. The measurement time shall be sufficient to collect concentration data representative of the normal operational cycles of the machines. The concentration data to be processed for
