1、Reference numberISO 2592:2000(E)ISO 2000INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO2592Second edition2000-09-15Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cup methodDtermination des points dclair et de feu Mthode Cleveland vaseouvertCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS und
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7、ll rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2592:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword.iv1 Scope 12 Normative references
8、 13 Terms and definitions .14 Principle25 Reagents and materials 26 Apparatus .27 Preparation of apparatus 28 Sampling.39 Sample handling 310 Procedure for determining flash point 411 Procedure for determining fire point .512 Calculation513 Expression of results 514 Precision.515 Test report 6Annex
9、A (normative) Cleveland open cup apparatus7Annex B (normative) Thermometer specification10Annex C (informative) Verification of apparatus11Bibliography14Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte
10、d without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2592:2000(E)iv ISO 2000 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
11、technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closel
12、y with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to th
13、e member bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO shall not be held responsi
14、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO 2592 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products andlubricants.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 2592:1973), which has been technically revised.Annexes A and B form a norm
15、ative part of this International Standard. Annex C is for information only.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2592:2000(E) ISO 200
16、0 All rights reserved 1Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cupmethodWARNING The use of this International Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations andequipment. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associatedwith its use. It
17、 is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a procedure for the determination of flash and fire points of petr
18、oleumproducts using the Cleveland open cup apparatus. It is applicable to petroleum products having an open cup flashpoint above 79 C, except fuel oils, which are most commonly tested by the closed cup procedure described inISO 27191.NOTE Flash point and fire point are indications of the ability of
19、a substance to form a flammable mixture with air undercontrolled conditions, and then to support combustion. They are only two of a number of properties that may contribute towardsthe assessment of overall flammability and combustibility of a material.2 Normative referencesThe following normative do
20、cuments contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encou
21、raged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Forundated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currently valid International Standards.ISO 3170:1
22、988, Petroleum liquids Manual sampling.ISO 3171:1988, Petroleum liquids Automatic pipeline sampling.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1flash pointlowest temperature of the test portion, corrected to a barometric pressu
23、re of 101,3 kPa, at which application of atest flame causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and the flame to propagate across the surface of the liquid,under the specified conditions of test3.2fire pointlowest temperature of the test portion, corrected to a barometric pressure of 101,3 kPa,
24、 at which application of atest flame causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and sustain burning for a minimum of 5 s under thespecified conditions of testCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
25、g permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2592:2000(E)2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved4PrincipleThe test test cup is filled to a specified level with the test portion. The temperature of the test portion is increasedrapidly at first and then at a slow constant rate as the flash point is approached.
26、 At specified temperature intervals,a small test flame is passed across the test cup. The lowest temperature at which application of the test flamecauses the vapour above the surface of the liquid to ignite is taken as the flash point at ambient barometrictemperature. To determine the fire point, th
27、e test is continued until the application of the test flame causes thevapour above the test portion to ignite and burn for at least 5 s. The flash point and fire point obtained at ambientbarometric pressure are corrected to standard atmospheric pressure using an equation.5 Reagents and materials5.1
28、Cleaning solvent, for removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.NOTE The choice of solvent will depend upon the previous material tested, and the tenacity of the residue. Low volatilityaromatic (benzene free) solvents may be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents such as tolu
29、ene-acetone-methanolmay be efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.5.2 Verification liquids, as described in C.2.5.3 Steel wool, any grade capable of removing carbon deposits without damage to the test cup.6 Apparatus6.1 Cleveland open cup apparatus, as specified in annex A.If automated equ
30、ipment is used, ensure that it has been established that the results obtained are within theprecision of this International Standard and that the test cup and test flame applicator conform to the dimensionaland mechanical requirements specified in annex A. If automated testers are used, the user sha
31、ll ensure that all themanufacturers instructions for adjusting and operating the instrument are followed.In cases of dispute, the flash point as determined manually shall be considered the referee test.6.2 Shield, approximately 460 mm square and 610 mm high, and having an open front.6.3 Thermometer,
32、 of the partial immersion type, conforming to the specification given in annex B.NOTE Other types of temperature-measuring devices may be used, provided that they meet the requirements for accuracyand have the same reponse as the thermometers specified in annex B.6.4 Barometer, accurate to 0,1 kPa.
33、Barometers pre-corrected to give sea level readings, such as those used atweather stations and airports, shall not be used.7 Preparation of apparatus7.1 Location of apparatusPlace the apparatus (6.1) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free room (see notes 1 and 2 below). Shieldthe top of the
34、 apparatus from strong light by any suitable means, to permit detection of the flash point.NOTE 1 When draughts cannot be avoided, it is good practice to surround the apparatus with a shield.NOTE 2 When testing samples which produce toxic vapours, the apparatus may be located in a fume hood with an
35、individualcontrol of air flow, adjusted so that vapours can be withdrawn without causing air currents over the test cup.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IS
36、O 2592:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 37.2 Cleaning the test cupWash the test cup with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining from aprevious test. Dry the test cup using a stream of clean air to ensure complete removal of the solvent used. If anydeposits
37、of carbon are present, remove them by rubbing with steel wool (5.3).7.3 Preparing the test cupBefore use, cool the test cup to at least 56 C below the expected flash point.7.4 Assembly of apparatusSupport the thermometer in a vertical position with the bottom of the bulb 6 mm from the bottom of the
38、test cup, andlocated at a point halfway between the centre and side of the test cup on a diameter perpendicular to the arc (orline) of the sweep of the test flame, and on the side opposite to the test flame applicator.NOTE The immersion line engraved on the thermometer will be 2 mm below the level o
39、f the rim of the test cup when thethermometer is properly positioned. An alternative method is to gently lower the thermometer until it contacts the bottom of thetest cup, and then raise it 6 mm.7.5 Verification of apparatus7.5.1 Verify the correct functioning of the apparatus at least once a year b
40、y testing a certified reference material(CRM) (5.2). The result obtained shall be equal to or less than / 2R from the certified value of the CRM, where Ris the reproducibility of the method (see clause 14).It is recommended that more frequent verification checks are made using secondary working stan
41、dards (SWSs)(5.2).NOTE A recommended procedure for apparatus verification using CRMs and SWSs, and the production of SWSs, is givenin annex C.7.5.2 The numerical values obtained during the verification check shall not be used to provide a bias statement,nor shall they be used to make any correction
42、to the flash points subsequently determined using the apparatus.8 Sampling8.1 Unless otherwise specified, obtain samples for analysis in accordance with the procedures given inISO 3170, ISO 3171 or an equivalent National Standard.8.2 Place samples in tightly sealed containers, appropriate to the mat
43、erial being sampled, and for safetypurposes, ensure that the sample container is only filled to between 85 % to 95 % of its capacity.8.3 Store the samples in conditions to minimize vapour loss and pressure build-up. Avoid storing the samples attemperatures in excess of 30 C.9 Sample handling9.1 Subs
44、amplingSubsample at a temperature at least 56 C below the expected flash point. If an aliquot of the original sample is tobe stored prior to testing, ensure that the container is filled to more than 50 % of its capacity (see 10.1).Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
45、IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2592:2000(E)4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved9.2 Samples containing undissolved waterIf a sample contains undissolved water, decant an aliquot from the water prior to mixing.NOTE Flash point
46、 results can be affected by the presence of water.9.3 Samples that are liquid at ambient temperatureMix samples by gently shaking by hand prior to the removal of the test portion, taking care to minimize the loss ofvolatile components, and proceed in accordance with clause 10.9.4 Samples that are se
47、mi-solid or solid at ambient temperatureHeat the sample in its container in a heating bath or oven at a temperature not exceeding 56 Cbelowtheexpected flash point. Avoid overheating the sample as this could lead to the loss of volatile components. Aftergentle agitation, proceed in accordance with cl
48、ause 10.10 Procedure for determining flash point10.1 The results of flash point determinations may be affected if the sample volume falls below 50 % of thecontainer capacity.10.2 Record the ambient barometric pressure using a barometer (6.4) in the vicinity of the apparatus at the time oftest.NOTE I
49、t is not considered necessary to correct the barometric pressure reading to 0 C, although some barometers aredesigned to make this correction automatically.10.3 Fill the test cup at ambient or elevated temperature (see 9.4) so that the top of the meniscus is exactly at thefilling line. If too much sample has been added to the test cup, remove the excess using a pipette or other suitabledevice; howeve
