1、 ISO 2012 Assistive products for blind and vision- impaired persons Tactile walking surface indicators Produits dassistance pour personnes aveugles ou visuellement affaiblies Indicateurs tactiles de surfaces de marche INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23599 First edition 2012-03-01 Reference number ISO 235
2、99:2012(E) ISO 23599:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, w
3、ithout permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 23599:2012(E
4、) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 General provisions 3 3.1 General principles . 3 3.2 Detecting and distinguishing TWSIs 3 4 Requirements and recommendations . 4 4.1 Specifications for shape and dimensions of TWSIs 4
5、4.2 Surrounding or adjacent surfaces 8 4.3 Visual contrast . 9 4.4 Materials .10 4.5 Installation .10 Annex A (informative) Luminance contrast .12 Annex B (informative) Examples of installations of TWSIs in specific situations 15 Bibliography .35 ISO 23599:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Org
6、anization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establi
7、shed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizatio
8、n. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
9、Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
10、ent rights. ISO 23599 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 23599:2012(E) Introduction The purpose of this International Standard is to create requirements for tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) for
11、 blind or vision-impaired persons. When blind or vision-impaired persons travel alone they might encounter problems and hazards in various situations. In order to obtain information for wayfinding, these pedestrians use information available from the natural and built environment, including tactual,
12、 acoustic and visual information. However, environmental information is not always reliable; it is for this reason that TWSIs perceived through use of a long white cane, through the soles of the shoes and through use of residual vision have been developed. TWSIs were invented in Japan in 1965. They
13、are now used around the world to help blind or vision-impaired persons to travel independently. At present, TWSI patterns and installation methods vary from country to country. This International Standard aims to provide a basis for a common approach for TWSIs at the international level, while ackno
14、wledging that some differences may be necessary at the local level to accommodate climatic, geographical, cultural or other issues that might exist. TWSIs should be designed and installed based on a simple, logical and consistent layout. This will enable tactile indicators to facilitate not only the
15、 independent travel of blind or vision-impaired persons in places they frequently travel, but also to support their independent travel in places they visit for the first time. Currently, there are several forms of TWSIs, but the ability to detect differences in tactile patterns through the soles of
16、the shoes or the long white cane varies depending on individual differences. Therefore, the consolidated findings of science, technology and experience were employed to define the characteristics of TWSIs that can be detected and recognized by potential users. Additionally, in order to ensure that T
17、WSIs achieve maximum effect in conveying information, it is important that they be installed in or on a smooth surface where blind or vision-impaired persons can identify them without interference from an irregular walking surface. It is also necessary to ensure that TWSIs can be effectively used by
18、 vision-impaired persons as well as people who are blind. For this purpose, TWSIs should be easily detectable through use of residual vision. This is achieved through visual contrast between TWSIs and the surrounding or adjacent surface. Visual contrast is influenced primarily by luminance contrast,
19、 and secondarily by difference in colour or tone. In order to have good visibility, it is necessary to have sufficient illumination without glare and it is important to maintain the visual contrast between TWSIs and the surrounding or adjacent surface. While TWSIs should be effective for blind or vi
20、sion-impaired persons, attention should also be paid to their surface structure and materials in order to ensure that all pedestrians, including those with impaired mobility, can safely and effectively negotiate them. TWSIs are installed in public facilities, buildings used by many people, railway s
21、tations and on sidewalks and other walking surfaces. Attention patterns may be installed in the vicinity of pedestrian crossings, at-grade kerbs, railway platforms, stairs, ramps, escalators, travelators, elevators, etc. Guiding patterns may be used alone or in combination with attention patterns in
22、 order to indicate the walking route from one place to another. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Assistive products for blind and vision-impaired persons Tactile walking surface indicators 1 Scope This International Standard provides product specifications for tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs
23、) and recommendations for their installation in order to assist in the safe and independent mobility of blind or vision- impaired persons. This International Standard specifies two types of TWSIs: attention patterns and guiding patterns. Both types can be used indoors and outdoors throughout the bui
24、lt environment where there are insufficient cues for wayfinding, or at specific hazards. Some countries have adopted other designs of TWSIs based on the consolidated findings of science, technology and experience, ensuring that they can be detected and distinguished by most users. National standards
25、, regulations and guidelines governed by national legislation specify where TWSIs are to be used. This International Standard is not intended to replace requirements and recommendations contained in such national standards, regulations or guidelines. 2 T erms and definitio ns For the purposes of thi
26、s document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 attention pattern TWSI design, calling attention to a hazard only, or to hazards and decision points NOTE Attention patterns can be installed in the vicinity of pedestrian crossings, at-grade kerbs, railway platforms, stairs, ramps, escalato
27、rs, travelators, elevators, etc. 2.2 at-grade kerb flush kerb kerb whereby the edge of the walkway is at the same level as adjoining vehicular ways NOTE See Figures B.10 and B.11. 2.3 CIE Y value tristimulus value Y of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system for reflecting objects NOTE 1 The CIE Y
28、 value equals the percentage value of the luminous reflectance. NOTE 2 Y = 0 denotes the reflectance of an absolutely black object (no light is reflected). Y = 100 denotes the reflectance of a perfectly white object (no light is absorbed or transmitted). 2.4 decision point intersection or change of
29、direction along a path of travel defined by TWSIs 2.5 discrete units individual domes, cones or elongated bars that are embedded into the ground or floor surfaces INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23599:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 23599:2012(E) 2.6 effective depth distance between the detect
30、able edges of the TWSIs when measured in the principal direction of travel NOTE See Figure 1. 2.7 effective width distance between the detectable edges of the TWSIs when measured perpendicular to the principal direction of travel NOTE See Figure 1 and Figure 2. 2.8 guiding pattern TWSI design, indic
31、ating a direction of travel or a landmark NOTE Guiding patterns can be used alone or in combination with attention patterns in order to indicate the walking route from one place to another. 2.9 hazard any area or element in, or adjacent to, a direction of travel, which may place people at risk of in
32、jury 2.10 illuminance amount of luminous flux to a surface per unit area NOTE 1 The SI unit for illuminance is lux (lx). NOTE 2 See Reference 6 for further details. 2.11 integrated units domes, cones or elongated bars on a base surface or plate, incorporated as a single unit 2.12 luminance amount of
33、 light reflected or emitted from a surface in a given direction NOTE 1 The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m 2 ). NOTE 2 See Reference 6 for further details. 2.13 luminance contrast value of comparison of the luminance of two surfaces 2.14 LRV l i g h t r e fl e c t a n c e v a
34、 l u e proportion of visible light reflected by a surface at all wavelengths and directions when illuminated by a light source NOTE 1 LRV is also known as the luminance reflectance factor. NOTE 2 LRV is expressed on a scale of 0 to 100, with a value of 0 points for pure black and a value of 100 poin
35、ts for pure white. 2.15 reflec t ance ratio of light reflected in a given direction by a surface NOTE See Reference 6 for further details. 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 23599:2012(E) 2.16 TWSI tactile walking surface indicator standardized walking surface used for information by blind or vision
36、-impaired persons 2.17 truncated domes or cones type of attention pattern also referred to as flat-topped domes or cones 3 General provisions 3.1 General principles Wayfinding and mobility can be achieved through good design of facilities, including clear accessible paths of travel with built and na
37、tural guiding elements, such as edges and surfaces that can be followed tactually and visually. TWSIs should not be a substitute for poor design. TWSIs shall be installed where no built or natural guiding elements can be provided. Though TWSIs are used by blind or vision-impaired persons, the design
38、 and installation of TWSIs shall take into consideration the needs of people with mobility impairments. a) All TWSIs shall: be easily detectable from the surrounding or adjacent surface by raised tactile profiles and visual contrast; maintain detectability throughout their lives; be designed to prev
39、ent tripping; be slip-resistant; be used in a logical and sequential manner; be installed consistently to enable them to be interpreted by users; and be of sufficient depth in the direction of travel to provide adequate detectability and appropriate response by the users, such as stopping and turnin
40、g. b) Attention TWSIs shall: be distinguishable from guiding TWSIs; and extend across the full width of an accessible path of travel and perpendicular to the direction of travel when approaching a hazard. 3.2 Detecting and distinguishing TWSIs 3.2.1 General TWSIs shall be easily detectable from the
41、surrounding or adjacent surface by raised tactile profiles and visual contrast. TWSIs shall be distinguishable from each other. 3.2.2 Tactile contrast TWSIs shall be detectable by blind or vision-impaired persons through the soles of their shoes and by a long white cane. When attention patterns and
42、guiding patterns are combined, blind or vision-impaired persons shall be able to distinguish clearly between them, identify both and remember the meaning of each one. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 23599:2012(E) Surrounding or adjacent surfaces shall be smooth to enable TWSIs to be detected and
43、distinguished (see 4.2). 3.2.3 Visual contrast TWSIs shall be readily detectable and distinguishable from the surrounding or adjacent surfaces by visually impaired people. Perception of visual contrast is enhanced by high illumination (see 4.3 and Annex A). 3.2.4 Design for prevention of tripping Tr
44、uncated domes or cones and elongated bars shall have bevelled or rounded edges to decrease the likelihood of tripping and to enhance safety and negotiability for people with mobility impairments. 4 Requirements and recommendations 4.1 Specifications for shape and dimensions of TWSIs 4.1.1 General TW
45、SIs shall be easily detectable from the surrounding or adjacent surface by raised tactile profiles. This can be achieved by complying with the shape and dimensions specified below. 4.1.2 Attention patterns 4.1.2.1 Arrangements Truncated domes or cones should be arranged in a square grid, parallel or
46、 diagonal at 45 to the principal direction of travel (see Figure 1). s s h b p 1 2s 2s 2s d 1 d 2 a) Parallel to the principal direction of travel b) Diagonal at 45 to the principal direction of travel 4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 23599:2012(E) Key 1 principal direction of travel s spacing bet
47、ween the centres of adjacent truncated domes or cones d 1top diameter of truncated domes or cones d 2bottom diameter of truncated domes or cones h height of truncated domes or cones b effective width p effective depth Figure 1 Spacing and dimensions of truncated domes or cones 4.1.2.2 Height The hei
48、ght of truncated domes or cones shall be 4 mm to 5 mm (see Figure 2). In indoor environments with exceptionally smooth surfaces, the minimum height of 4 mm may be preferable. NOTE When truncated domes or cones are surrounded by exceptionally smooth surfaces, such as terrazzo, plastic or rubber, they
49、 can be detected more easily than when they are surrounded by rougher surfaces, such as brushed concrete, bricks or manufactured pavers. A height that is more than what is necessary for reliable detection can cause tripping. 4.1.2.3 Diameter The top diameter of truncated domes or cones shall range from 12 mm to 25 mm, as shown in Table 1, and the bottom diameter of truncated domes or cones shall be (10 1) mm greater than the top diameter ( see Figure 1). NOTE Systematic research 3233ca
