1、 Reference number ISO 22111:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22111 First edition 2007-11-15 Bases for design of structures General requirements Bases du calcul des constructions Exigences gnrales ISO 22111:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance w
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6、e postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 22111:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references .
7、 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols . 5 5 Application 7 6 Basic requirements for structural performance 7 7 Classification of structures and elements of structures 7 8 Actions. 8 8.1 General. 8 8.2 Evaluation of values of actions . 8 8.3 Permanent actions 8 8.4 Variable actions 8 8.5 Accidental
8、actions 9 9 Combinations of actions 9 9.1 General. 9 9.2 Ultimate limit states 9 9.2.1 Strength . 9 9.2.2 Static equilibrium 10 9.3 Serviceability limit states. 10 9.4 Formats for presentation of design values for leading and accompanying actions. 10 10 Analysis and testing. 11 10.1 Analysis . 11 10
9、.2 Testing . 11 11 Demonstrating compliance with requirements . 11 11.1 General. 11 11.2 Ultimate limit state 12 11.2.1 Strength . 12 11.2.2 Static equilibrium 12 11.3 Robustness . 12 11.4 Serviceability. 13 11.5 Durability . 13 Annex A (informative) Guidance for adopting groups . 14 Annex B (inform
10、ative) Formats for presentation of design values for use in combinations of actions . 17 Annex C (informative) Calibration of design values . 21 Annex D (informative) Design procedure. 22 Bibliography . 23 ISO 22111:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization
11、for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has t
12、he right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Interna
13、tional Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicatio
14、n as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
15、. ISO 22111 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures, Subcommittee SC 2, Reliability of structures. ISO 22111:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard incorporates the general principles of structural design set out in ISO 2
16、394. It covers the partial factors method, and ISO 2394 should be consulted for other methods. This International Standard is relevant to the design of any structure, and as with all standards, a degree of judgement should be used in the normal course of engineering. It has been drafted with wording
17、 and format suitable for direct use by practising engineers when the appropriate levels of safety have been chosen, and the relevant national loading and materials standards referenced by National Authorities. It is a template intended to facilitate the widespread use of International Standards. The
18、 annexes give guidance on adoption of this International Standard but need not be included in the National Standard. This International Standard has the following aims. a) To facilitate international practice in structural design. b) To obtain international standardization of the process for setting
19、 up rules for structural design, while allowing each economy to specify its own levels of structural performance, in accordance with its own needs. c) To provide a means of promoting commonality, interchangeability, consistency and comparability of structural standards developed by different economi
20、es. Regulators, standards writers, designers and academics could then adopt such standards with confidence in their international acceptance. d) To encourage regulatory authorities in each country to describe their mandatory requirements in an internationally agreed format. e) To facilitate future c
21、oordination between the various specialist subcommittees and working groups for ISO structural Standards. f) To create transparency in the process of comparison of National Standards. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22111:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Bases for design of structures General requi
22、rements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the general requirements for the structural design of buildings and industrial and civil engineering structures using reliability-based concepts. This International Standard is applicable to the design of complete structures, the structural eleme
23、nts making up the structure and the foundation. Information on the assessment of existing structures is given in ISO 13822. To allow for the differences in design practice between different countries, certain parameters are left to be quantified by national building codes or standards. 2 Normative r
24、eferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2394:1998, General principles on re
25、liability for structures ISO 3898:1997, Bases for design of structures Notations General symbols ISO 8930:1987, General principles on reliability for structures List of equivalent terms ISO 13822:2001, Bases for design of structures Assessment of existing structures 3 Terms and definitions For the p
26、urposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8930 and the following apply. 3.1 accidental action action that is unlikely to occur with a significant value on a given structure over a given reference period NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.2 accompanying action for a particular
27、combination of actions, an action taken as being at a reduced value with respect to its maximum extreme design value 3.3 characteristic value of an action principal representative value of an action NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. ISO 22111:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reservedNOTE 2 It is chose
28、n a) either, when a statistical basis is available, so that it can be considered to have a prescribed probability of not being exceeded (towards unfavourable values) during a reference period, or b) on acquired experience, or c) on physical constraints. 3.4 combination value of a variable action val
29、ue chosen, insofar as it can be determined on a statistical basis, so that the probability that the effects caused by the combination will be exceeded is approximately the same as by the characteristic value of an individual action NOTE 1 It may be expressed as a certain part of the characteristic v
30、alue by using a factor 0u 1,0. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.5 deformability deformability is the capacity to resist displacement-based actions NOTE Examples of displacement-based actions are indirect actions such as seismic ground motions, differential settlement and volume changes in struct
31、ural materials. 3.6 design situation set of conditions under which the design is required to demonstrate that relevant limit states are not exceeded during a specific time interval NOTE Adapted from ISO 2394:1998. 3.7 design working life duration of the period during which a structure or a structura
32、l element, when designed, is assumed to perform for its intended purpose with expected maintenance but without major repair being necessary NOTE Adapted from ISO 2394:1998. 3.8 direct action set of concentrated or distributed forces acting on the structure ISO 8930:1987 3.9 durability ability of a s
33、tructure or a structural element to maintain adequate performance for a given time under expected actions and environmental influences 3.10 dynamic action action which causes significant accelerations of the structure or structural members ISO 8930:1987 3.11 fixed action action which has a fixed dis
34、tribution on a structure, such as its magnitude and direction, determined unambiguously for the whole structure when determined at one point on the structure NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. ISO 22111:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.12 free action action which may have any distribution in s
35、pace over the structure, within certain limits ISO 8930:1987 3.13 frequent value of a variable action value determined, insofar as it can be determined on a statistical basis, so that either the total time, within the reference period, during which it is exceeded is only a small part of the referenc
36、e period, or the frequency of it being exceeded is limited to a given value NOTE 1 It may be expressed as a determined part of the characteristic value by using a factor 1u 1,0. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.14 indirect action set of deformations or accelerations imposed on a structure or con
37、strained within it NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.15 leading action for a particular combination of actions, the action that is taken to be at its maximum extreme design value 3.16 limit states states beyond which a structure no longer satisfies the design requirements ISO 8930:1987 NOTE These b
38、oundaries between desired and undesired performance of the structure are often represented mathematically by “limit-state functions”. 3.17 maintenance total set of activities performed during the design working life of a structure to enable it to fulfil the requirements for reliability ISO 2394:1998
39、 3.18 occupancy action variable action imposed on the structure due to the intended use or occupancy of the structure 3.19 partial factors format calculation format in which allowance is made for the uncertainties and variabilities assigned to the basic variables by means of representative values, p
40、artial factors and, if relevant, additive quantities ISO 2394:1998 NOTE The load and resistance factor format is a version of the partial factor format. 3.20 permanent action action which is likely to act throughout a given reference period of time, and for which the variation in magnitude with time
41、 around its mean value is negligible, or for which the variation is monotonic (i.e. always in the same direction) until the action attains a certain limiting value NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. ISO 22111:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.21 quasi-permanent value of a variable action value d
42、etermined so that the total period of time for which it is exceeded is a large fraction of the reference period NOTE 1 It may be expressed as a determined part of the characteristic value by using a factor 2u 1,0. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.22 reference period chosen period of time that is
43、 used as a basis for assessing the design value of variable or accidental actions or both NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 3.23 reliability ability of a structure or structural element to fulfil the specified requirements, including the design working life, for which it has been designed ISO 2394:19
44、98 3.24 representative value of an action value assigned to the action for a specific purpose NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. NOTE 2 It can be used, for instance, for the verification of a limit state. 3.25 robustness ability of a structure (or part of it) to withstand events (like fire, explosio
45、n, impact) or consequences of human errors, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 2394:1998. NOTE 2 Robustness is sometimes referred to as structural integrity. 3.26 strength ability of a cross-section or an element of a structure to withst
46、and actions without mechanical failure EXAMPLES Bending strength, buckling strength, tension strength. 3.27 serviceability limit states states corresponding to conditions beyond which specified serviceability requirements for a structure or structural element are no longer met NOTE 1 Adapted from IS
47、O 2394:1998. NOTE 2 They are related to the users comfort, function of the structure or element, risk of deterioration, or intended maintenance. 3.28 static action action that does not cause significant acceleration of a structure or a structural element NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. ISO 22111:20
48、07(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 3.29 structural model idealization of the structural system used for the purposes of analysis, design and verification EN 1990:2002 3.30 ultimate limit states states associated with collapse, or with other similar forms of structural failure NOTE They generally c
49、orrespond to the maximum load-carrying resistance of a structure or structural element but in some cases to the maximum applicable strain or deformation. ISO 2394:1998 3.31 variable action action for which the variation in magnitude with time is neither negligible in relation to the mean value nor monotonic NOTE Adapted from ISO 8930:1987. 4 Symbols The symbols used in this International Standard follow the guidelines given in ISO 3898 and ISO 2394. A: accidental action A d : design value of a leading acciden
