1、 Reference number ISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22010 First edition 2007-12-15 Space systems Mass properties control Systmes spatiaux Contrle des proprits de masse ISO 22010:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensin
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6、1 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and defi
7、nitions. 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3 5 Mass properties control plan. 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Control process 4 5.3 Documentation 5 5.4 Analysis . 8 Annex A (informative) Mass growth guidelines 12 Bibliography . 13 ISO 22010:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internationa
8、l Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been es
9、tablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardi
10、zation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for vot
11、ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all suc
12、h patent rights. ISO 22010 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard establishes the minimum requirements for providing adequa
13、te control of the mass properties of space systems to meet mission requirements. In addition, many recommended practices that add value to the mass properties monitoring tasks are presented. Throughout this International Standard, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the use of the key w
14、ord “shall.” Recommended criteria are identified by the use of the key word “should,” and while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing timely and accurate mass properties support for contracts. It is advisable that deviations from the recommended criteria only occur a
15、fter careful consideration and thorough evaluation have shown alternative methods to be satisfactory. The requirements can be tailored for each specific space programme application. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Mass properties control 1 Scope
16、This International Standard describes a process for managing, controlling and monitoring the mass properties of space systems. The relationship between this management plan and the performance parameters for mass properties to be met throughout the mission is described. Ground handling, dynamics ana
17、lysis and test set- ups that rely on accurate mass properties inputs are identified. This International Standard covers all programme phases from pre-proposal through to end of life. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
18、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 22108, Space systems Non-flight items in flight hardware Identification and control 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume
19、nt, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 basic mass properties best engineering estimate based on an assessment of the most recent baseline design, excluding mass growth allowance 3.2 calculated properties mass properties determined from released drawings or controlled computer models 3.3
20、contractor limit predicted mass plus a contractor margin to allow for uncertainties during the design cycle 3.4 contractor margin/system margin difference between the contractor limit and the predicted mass 3.5 customer reserve allowance defined by the customer according to the agreements of the con
21、tract 3.6 estimated properties mass properties determined from preliminary data, such as sketches or calculations from layout drawings ISO 22010:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.7 mass control parameters factors used as an indicator of the basic mass, predicted mass and margins/limits for a s
22、pace system See Figure 1. 3.8 mass growth allowance predicted change to the basic mass of an item, based on an assessment of the design and fabrication status of the item and an estimate of the in-scope design changes that may still occur NOTE 1 This mass growth allowance is not intended to be a tol
23、erance. NOTE 2 Figure 1 is an illustration of related terms commonly used in reporting mass properties during the development of space systems hardware. Key X time Y mass 1 mission limit 2 contractor limit 3 customer reserve 4 contractor margin/system margin 5 predicted mass 6 growth allowance 7 bas
24、ic mass 8 authorization to proceed 9 preliminary design review 10 critical design review 11 actual mass 12 system delivery Figure 1 Mass control parameters ISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.9 mass properties mass, centre of gravity, moments of inertia, and products of inertia 3.10 m
25、ass properties categories criteria used to indicate the confidence in or maturity of the design 3.11 measured properties mass properties determined by measurement or by comparison of nearly identical components, for which measured mass properties are available 3.12 mission limit maximum mass that ca
26、n satisfy all of the mission performance requirements 3.13 predicted mass sum of the basic mass and the mass growth allowance, intended to estimate the final mass at system delivery 3.14 space systems launch vehicles, satellites, space vehicles, or components thereof 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
27、ACS attitude control system, alternative definition below AOCS attitude and orbit control system AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ANSI American National Standards Institute ATP authorization to proceed CAD computer aided design CDR critical design review CFE customer furnished
28、 equipment GSE ground support equipment IPT integrated product team MPCB mass properties control board NTE not to exceed PDR preliminary design review SAWE Society of Allied Weight Engineers TPM technical performance measurement ISO 22010:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved5 Mass properties contr
29、ol plan 5.1 General A mass properties control plan shall be documented. A mass properties control plan shall be based on the critical parameters that need to be controlled. In some cases, that may only be mass. In the extreme, a spin-stabilized space system may have a set of requirements that warran
30、ts control of all the mass properties, including final measurements of mass, centre of mass, and moments and products of inertia. The depth and detail of analysis, reporting and testing shall reflect the critical parameters. 5.2 Control process 5.2.1 Basis of the process The mass properties control
31、process shall be started in the pre-proposal or conceptual design phases, where an initial mass budget is established. A proposal team may be established so as to guide subsystem and component mass allocations and the launch vehicle selection process, if applicable. This team should be supported by
32、other members who have experience in the allocation process. NOTE Space system mass is a prime concern. Without early mass properties control, there is a significant risk of performance, schedule, and/or cost problems later in the programme. The control process after authorization to proceed (ATP) m
33、ay include one or more of the following elements: a) understanding of the flow-down of requirements that affect mass properties analysis and test plans; b) a mass reduction plan; c) implementation of a Mass Properties Control Board (MPCB); d) mass allocation and trend analysis; e) mass properties mo
34、nitoring; f) subcontractor mass control. Application of some of the more stringent elements listed above is contingent on available mass and stability margins, cost considerations and the planned verification (measurement versus analysis) schema. The various elements and their applicability are disc
35、ussed in the following subclauses. 5.2.2 Requirements definition There shall be a review of all requirements that affect mass properties including, but not limited to, the contractual, attitude control, mission and ground handling requirements. Different space systems designs have different mass pro
36、perties requirements. EXAMPLE A space system that is spin-stabilized throughout its mission requires a finer balance than one that is three axis stabilized. 5.2.3 Mass reduction plan After establishing a credible mass summary during the proposal phase, a database shall be used with the tools necessa
37、ry to develop a predicted mass for the space system at delivery. A contractor or system mass margin against the contractor limit shall be determined. If the mass margin is not sufficient, a rigorous mass reduction programme should be initiated. In this case, the programme office should fully support
38、 the effort. ISO 22010:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 NOTE Mass reduction is generally a costly undertaking, therefore it is advisable that programme offices allocate a sufficient budget to accomplish the goal. A historical database of previous weight reduction ideas is advisable. 5.2.4 Mass
39、 Properties Control Board (MPCB) In conjunction with a mass reduction plan, an MPCB may be convened to audit the mass properties database, critically review designs for optimum mass, and perform cost/mass trades as well as review margins. The MPCB should have programme office and systems engineering
40、 representation. Some of the MPCB members should also have experience with this process. The MPCB should have the authority to direct design changes that reduce mass, within the considerations of cost, schedule and technical performance. MPCB members should attend all design reviews to ensure that m
41、ass optimisation is considered. 5.2.5 Mass allocation and trend analysis One of the most effective ways of controlling mass is to set maximum, “not to exceed” (NTE), allocations at the subsystem or unit level. With reference to Figure 1, if the contractor margin at the beginning of the programme is
42、small or negative, it may be necessary to challenge each subsystem so as to ensure that the contractor limit will not be exceeded. The same idealized chart can be used to represent each subsystems mass NTE allocation. These technical performance measurement (TPM) charts should be used to monitor the
43、 progress of each subsystem. If the predicted mass exceeds the NTE allocation, mass reduction is necessary; in some cases, a re-allocation among subsystems may solve the problem. This trend analysis is particularly critical prior to preliminary design review, when designs are still evolving and mass
44、 reduction efforts are less costly. 5.2.6 Mass properties monitoring For programmes with adequate margins in all mass properties parameters, a simple mass history chart and a table showing the predicted mass properties versus the requirements will suffice. The chart and table should be included in p
45、eriodic reports to the customer (see 5.3.6). 5.2.7 Subcontractor mass properties control The prime contractor shall be involved in the development of NTE masses in the procurement specification that is issued to subcontractors. If additional controls, such as centre of mass or inertia, are required,
46、 those NTE values shall also be added to the specification and contract. The status of the critical values shall be reported by the subcontractor in periodic reports as specified by the contractor. If mass reduction is needed to bring the deliverable items within specification, the programme office
47、may want to set up regular meetings with the subcontractor (including a mass review board) until the problem is mitigated, or until all avenues for meeting the specification have been exhausted. Incentives and penalties against specification values written into the contract may be of use. 5.3 Docume
48、ntation 5.3.1 General Mass properties documentation consists of plans and reports. Plans define the programme management methods for controlling, reporting and measuring mass properties. Reports provide visibility into the hardware configuration and design maturity through the development process. 5
49、.3.2 Control plan The overall control plan described in 5.1 and 5.2 shall be documented so as to provide an organized process that can be implemented early in the development phase and carried through to hardware delivery. The control plan should contain the applicable elements of the control process outlined in 5.2, as applicable, as well as a reporting plan and a verification plan. ISO 22010:2007(E) 6 ISO 2007 All rights reserved5.3.3 Report plan Report format and frequency of delivery may be specified in the contract. An init
