1、 Reference number ISO 22009:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22009 First edition 2009-12-01 Space systems Space environment (natural and artificial) Model of the earths magnetospheric magnetic field Systmes spatiaux Environnement spatial (naturel et artificiel) Modle du champ magntique de
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7、09:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions .1 3 General concepts and assumptions2 3.1 Magnetic field induction in the earths magnetosphere2 3.2 Magnetospheric magnetic field standardization: process based approach.3 4 Model re
8、quirements 3 4.1 General .3 4.2 Magnetospheric magnetic field sources.3 4.3 Parameterization3 4.4 Magnetospheric dynamics .3 4.5 Model testing and comparison with measurements3 5 List of criteria.3 Annex A (informative) Paraboloid model of the magnetospheric magnetic field: calculation of induction
9、of the magnetic field of the magnetospheric currents.5 Annex B (informative) Submodels 10 Annex C (informative) 13 Bibliography15 ISO 22009:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
10、(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, g
11、overnmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/I
12、EC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the mem
13、ber bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22009 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and spac
14、e vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 22009:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard describes the main requirements to the earths magnetospheric magnetic field model. The model satisfying the set of requirements is described in Annex
15、 A as example calculations. The model can be used in scientific and engineering applications and is intended to calculate the magnetic induction field generated from a variety of current systems located on the boundaries and within the boundaries of the earths magnetosphere under a wide range of env
16、ironmental conditions, quiet and disturbed, that are affected by solar-terrestrial interactions stimulated by solar activity such as solar flares and related phenomena, which induce terrestrial magnetic disturbances such as magnetic storms. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22009:2009(E) ISO 2009 All right
17、s reserved 1Space systems Space environment (natural and artificial) Model of the earths magnetospheric magnetic field 1 Scope This International Standard describes the main magnetospheric large-scale current systems and the magnetic field in the earths magnetosphere and provides the main requiremen
18、ts for a model of the magnetospheric magnetic field. Ionospheric currents are not considered in this International Standard. Annex A of this International Standard gives a worked example of the model and establishes the parameters of magnetospheric large-scale current systems that change according t
19、o conditions in the space environment. This International Standard can be used to develop new models of the magnetospheric magnetic field. Such models are useful in investigating the physical processes in the earths magnetosphere as well as in calculations associated with developing, testing and est
20、imating the results of exploitation of spacecrafts and other equipment operating in the space environment. The main goals of standardizing the concepts of the earths magnetospheric magnetic field are to provide an unambiguous presentation of the magnetic field in the earths magnetosphere; compatibil
21、ity for the results of the interpretation and analysis of space experiments; less labour-intensive calculations of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents in space at geocentric distances of 1,0 to 6,6 earth radii, R E ; the most reliable calculations of all elements of the geomagnetic field i
22、n the space environment. The magnetic field model presented in Annex A of this International Standard can be used to predict the radiation conditions in space, including the periods of intense magnetic disturbances (magnetic storms), when developing systems of spacecraft magnetic orientation and whe
23、n forecasting the influence of magnetic disturbances on transcontinental piping and power transmission lines. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 internal magnetic field main magnetic field magnetic field produced by the sources i
24、nside the earths core NOTE It can be presented in the form of a series of spherical harmonic functions. The expansion coefficients International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model undergo very slight changes in time. The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) is responsi
25、ble for IGRF model development and modifications and approves its coefficients every five years. Internal magnetic field is not addressed by this International Standard. 2.2 external magnetic field magnetospheric magnetic field magnetic field produced by magnetospheric sources of magnetic field ISO
26、22009:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved2.3 magnetospheric sources of magnetic field sources of magnetic fields including the following: currents flowing over the magnetopause and screening the geomagnetic dipole magnetic field; currents flowing inside the earths magnetosphere, including tail cu
27、rrents, produced by currents across the geomagnetic tail and closure currents on the magnetopause, ring currents, including symmetrical ring current, circling around the earth and carried by trapped particles and partial ring current, produced by azimuthal currents at low latitudes flowing mostly in
28、 the pre-midnight sector, and closed by field-aligned and ionospheric currents, field-aligned currents, produced by currents flowing along the high-latitude magnetic field lines, closed by currents on the magnetopause and in the ionosphere; currents flowing over the magnetopause and screening the ri
29、ng current and partial ring current magnetic fields NOTE 1 Electric currents flowing entirely in the ionosphere (ionospheric currents) contribute to the magnetic field variation at altitudes below 1 000 km. In the region above 1,5 R E , the effect of the ionospheric current is insignificant. NOTE 2
30、Magnetic field of ionospheric currents is not addressed by this International Standard. 2.4 geomagnetic dipole tilt angle angle of inclination of the geomagnetic dipole to the plane orthogonal to the earth-sun line 2.5 solar-magnetospheric (GSM) coordinates Cartesian geocentric coordinates, where th
31、e X-axis is directed to the sun, the Z-axis, which is orthogonal to the X-axis, lies on the plane with the X-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, and the Y-axis supplements the X-and Z-axes to the right-hand system 2.6 magnetopause stand-off distance geocentric distance to the subsolar point on the
32、 magnetopause 3 General concepts and assumptions 3.1 Magnetic field induction in the earths magnetosphere The vector, M B , expressed in nanoteslas, of the magnetic field induction in the earths magnetosphere is calculated from Equation (1): M12 =+ B BB (1) where 1 B is the vector of induction of th
33、e internal magnetic field; 2 B is the vector of induction of the external magnetospheric magnetic field. The magnetic field of the magnetospheric currents (external magnetic field), 2 B , is calculated in terms of the quantitative model of the magnetosphere. ISO 22009:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights res
34、erved 33.2 Magnetospheric magnetic field standardization: process-based approach This International Standard for magnetospheric magnetic fields does not specify a single magnetospheric model, theoretical or empirical. In order to encourage continual improvements in magnetospheric modelling, this Int
35、ernational Standard is a process-based standard for determining the magnetospheric magnetic field. The magnetospheric magnetic field model, after its development, can satisfy the requirements in Clause 4 and the list of criteria presented in Clause 5. The worked example of the model is presented in
36、Annex A and it is necessary that it be reconsidered every five years relative to the candidate models. The current worked example is presented in the Annex A. 4 Model requirements 4.1 General The model of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents (subsequently referred to as the “model”) present
37、s the vector of induction of magnetospheric currents in solar-magnetospheric coordinates. The model describes a regular part of the magnetic field in the region from 1,0 R Eto 6,6 R E . The model reflects the compression of the earths magnetosphere in the dayside due to interaction with the solar wi
38、nd, day-night asymmetry (i.e. the field on the nightside is weakened), daily and seasonal variations. The model takes into account the geomagnetic dipole tilt angle, varying in the range from 35 to +35. 4.2 Magnetospheric magnetic field sources The standardized magnetospheric magnetic field is produ
39、ced by the currents described in 2.3. The effect of the ionospheric currents is not addressed by this International Standard. 4.3 Parameterization Each magnetospheric source of magnetic field depends on parameters that are calculated from empirical data. 4.4 Magnetospheric dynamics The magnetospheri
40、c dynamics is determined from a sequence of its instantaneous states. 4.5 Model testing and comparison with measurements The model testing is carried out with the help of databases that include spacecraft-based and on-ground measurements. The dataset used for the model testing is presented in Annex
41、C. 5 List of criteria The compliance criteria for this International Standard consist of the activities common for any candidate magnetospheric magnetic field model. These criteria specify the compliance process that includes the documentation, publication and testing of the model and include the fo
42、llowing. The candidate model shall include a statement of the modeling approach used (empirical or theoretical model). The empirical models shall include a clear specification of the input data used to derive the model and where these data were measured. Theoretical models shall include a descriptio
43、n of the physical principles and approaches that are used as the basis of the model. ISO 22009:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved A statement concerning the candidate model area of application and domain of applicability should be included. A statement about the root-mean-square (rms) errors dur
44、ing the model calculations relative to the deviations from the observational data obtained from measurements should be included. For empirical models, comparisons should also be made with data, different from those on which the model is based. A description and implementation of the magnetospheric m
45、agnetic field model should be published in internationally accessible, refereed journals. ISO 22009:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5Annex A (informative) Paraboloid model of the magnetospheric magnetic field: calculation of induction of the magnetic field of the magnetospheric currents A.1 Par
46、aboloid model of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents A.1.1 General The magnetospheric magnetic field calculated by paraboloid model is a solution of the magnetostatic problem inside the paraboloid of revolution. The vector of induction of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents is ca
47、lculated from Equation (A.1): ()( )()()() 2s d1t12 rts r1 rf a c0 , , , , R RR b Rb I =+ + BB B B B B (A.1) where sd B is the magnetic field of currents on the magnetopause screening the dipole field; t B is the magnetic field of the magnetospheric tail; r B is the magnetic field of the ring current
48、; sr B is the magnetic field of currents on the magnetopause, screening the ring current field; fac B is the magnetic field of region 1 field-aligned currents. The components of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents, sd B , t B , r B , sr B and fac B are calculated separately in terms of the
49、 paraboloid model of the magnetosphere in the form of series in the Bessel functions or Legendre polynomials. A.1.2 Parameters The components of the magnetic field of magnetospheric currents, sd B , t B , r B , sr B and fac B are determined from the values of the following parameters of the magnetospheric current systems: is the geomagnetic dipole tilt angle, expressed in degrees; 1 R i
