1、 Reference numberISO 21909:2005(E)ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO21909First edition2005-06-15Passive personal neutron dosemeters Performance and test requirements Dosimtres individuels passifs pour les neutrons Exigences de fonctionnement et dessai Copyright International Organization for Standar
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8、iContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions1 3.1 General terms.1 3.2 Quantities .2 3.3 Calibration and evaluation3 3.4 Terms with respect to nuclear track emulsion dosemeters (NTED).6 3.5 Terms with respect to solid state nuclear track dosemet
9、ers (SSNTD) 7 3.6 Terms with respect to thermoluminescence albedo dosemeters (TLAD)7 3.7 Terms with respect to superheated emulsion dosemeters (SED) 8 3.8 Terms with respect to ion chamber dosemeters with direct ion storage (ICD).9 4 Units 10 5 General test conditions.10 5.1 Test conditions 10 5.2 R
10、eference radiation .10 5.3 Test requirements10 6 Performance requirements .10 7 Test methods15 8 Identification and accompanying documentation16 8.1 Individual marking .16 8.2 Collective marking.16 8.3 Accompanying documentation 16 9 Certification 16 Annex A (normative) Reference and standard test c
11、onditions.17 Annex B (normative) Confidence limits 18 Annex C (normative) Performance tests.21 Annex D (informative) Irradiation conditions38 Annex E (informative) Performance of neutron dosemeters.39 Annex F (normative) Conversion tables .48 Bibliography 49 Copyright International Organization for
12、Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 21909:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar
13、ds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi
14、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
15、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %
16、of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21909 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear
17、 energy, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiation protection. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 21909:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 2190
18、9 contains performance and test requirements for dosemeters to be used for the determination of personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), in neutron fields with energies ranging from thermal to 20 MeV. In this energy range, reference neutron radiation are reported in ISO 8529-3. Reference radiation are requ
19、ired for the proper calibration of the dosemeters. This International Standard covers the following five classes of passive neutron detectors that can be used as a personal dosemeter in part or all of the above-mentioned neutron energy range: nuclear track emulsion dosemeters (NTED); solid state nuc
20、lear track dosemeters (SSNTD); thermoluminescence albedo dosemeters (TLAD); superheated emulsion dosemeters (SED); ionization chamber dosemeters (ICD). Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit
21、ted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21909:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Passive persona
22、l neutron dosemeters Performance and test requirements 1 Scope This International Standard provides performance and test requirements for determining the acceptability of personal neutron dosemeters to be used for the measurement of personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), for neutrons ranging in energy fr
23、om thermal to 20 MeV. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO
24、5-2:2001, Photography Density measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density ISO 8529-1:2001, Reference neutron radiations Part 1: Characteristics and methods of production ISO 8529-2:2000, Reference neutron radiations Part 2: Calibration fundamentals of radiation protection devi
25、ces related to the basic quantities characterizing the radiation field ISO 8529-3:1998, Reference neutron radiations Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and determination of response as a function of energy and angle of incidence ISO 12789:2000, Reference neutron radiations Characteristics a
26、nd methods of production of simulated workplace neutron fields 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 ageing changes occurring in an unirradiated dosemeter with time 3.1.2 batch detectors or dosemeters grouping of
27、 detectors or dosemeters manufactured according to the same specification and usually at the same time NOTE 1 Detectors from a batch are intended and supposed to have the same performance characteristics, consistent with the appropriate requirements of this International Standard, and to be used in
28、type or quality test procedures. NOTE 2 In the case of SSNTD, a batch under this definition can be as small as one single sheet. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
29、m IHS-,-,-ISO 21909:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3.1.3 detector device or substance that indicates the presence of a phenomenon without necessarily providing a value of an associated quantity NOTE In particular, in the presence of radiation, such devices or substances provide by either a di
30、rect or indirect means a signal or other indication suitable for measuring one or more quantities. 3.1.4 fading changes occurring in an irradiated dosemeter with time 3.1.5 personal dosemeter device comprising one or more detectors positioned in a holder, suitable for the measurement of personal dos
31、e equivalent 3.2 Quantities 3.2.1 absorbed dose D d divided by dm, where d is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter with mass dm NOTE 1 The SI unit of absorbed dose is the J/kg. The special name for the unit of absorbed dose is gray (Gy)20. NOTE 2 In quoting values of absorbed dos
32、e, it is necessary to specify the material. e.g. soft tissue. 3.2.2 ambient dose equivalent H*(d) dose equivalent at a point in a radiation field that would be produced by the corresponding expanded and aligned field in the ICRU sphere at a depth, d, on the radius opposing the direction of the align
33、ed field NOTE 1 The SI unit of ambient dose equivalent is J/kg. The special name for the unit of ambient dose equivalent is sievert (Sv). NOTE 2 For strongly penetrating radiation, a depth of 10 mm is currently recommended. The ambient dose equivalent for this depth is then denoted by H*(10)20. 3.2.
34、3 dose equivalent H product of Q and D at a point in soft tissue, where D is the absorbed dose and Q is the quality factor at that point NOTE The SI unit of dose equivalent is J/kg. The special name for the unit of dose equivalent is sievert (Sv)20. 3.2.4 neutron fluence ndN divided by da, where dN
35、is the number of neutrons incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area da NOTE The SI unit of neutron fluence is m2, a frequently unit used is cm2(ISO 8529-1). 3.2.5 personal dose equivalent Hp(d) dose equivalent in soft tissue, at an appropriate depth, d, below a specified point on the body Copyrig
36、ht International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 21909:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3NOTE 1 The SI unit of personal dose equivalent is J/kg. The special name for t
37、he unit of personal dose equivalent is sievert (Sv)20. NOTE 2 Soft tissue in this context is the ICRU 4-element tissue. 3.2.6 conversion coefficient hp(10;E,) quotient of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), and the neutron fluence, n, at a point in the radiation field and used to convert from neut
38、ron fluence into the personal dose equivalent at 10 mm depth in the ICRU tissue slab phantom, where E is the energy of the incident neutrons impinging on the phantom at an angle NOTE The SI unit of the conversion coefficient is Svm2. A commonly used unit of the conversion coefficient is pSvcm2. 3.3
39、Calibration and evaluation 3.3.1 arithmetic mean x average of a series of n measurements, xi, given by the equation ()11/niixnx=3.3.2 calibration set of operations which establish, under a controlled set of standard test conditions, the relationship between the reading given by a dosemeter and the q
40、uantity to be measured 3.3.3 calibration factor N quotient of the conventional true value, Ht, divided by the reading, M (see 3.3.16), derived under standard conditions, given by the equation tHNM= 3.3.4 calibration quantity physical quantity used to establish the calibration of the dosemeter NOTE F
41、or the purpose of this International Standard, the calibration quantity is the personal dose equivalent at 10 mm depth in the ICRU tissue slab phantom, Hp(10). 3.3.5 coefficient of variation V measure of dispersion for a series of n measurements, xi, given by the equation Vsx= where s is the experim
42、ental standard deviation and ,x the arithmetic mean of n measurements. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 21909:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved
43、3.3.6 control specimens lot of reference detectors or dosemeters of the same type and batch as those used in the test procedures 3.3.7 conventional true value of a quantity Htdose equivalent best estimate of a value of a quantity, as determined by a primary or secondary standard or by a reference in
44、strument that has been calibrated against a primary or secondary standard NOTE A conventional true value is regarded as being sufficiently close to the true value such that the difference is considered as insignificant for the given purpose. 3.3.8 detection threshold minimum measured dose equivalent
45、 which is significantly higher (at the 95 % confidence level) than the measured dose equivalent of a typical unirradiated dosemeter 3.3.9 experimental standard deviation s parameter for a series of n measurements, xi, characterizing the dispersion and given by the equation ()2111niis xxn=where x is
46、the arithmetic mean of the results of n measurements. 3.3.10 in-field calibration procedure to calibrate neutron dosemeters in neutron fields representative of a working environment for which the personal dose equivalent rates or neuton spectra and angle distributions have been determined by appropr
47、iate methods and hence are sufficiently well known 3.3.11 influence quantity quantity (parameter) that can have a bearing on the results of a measurement without being the objective of the measurement (ISO 8529-3) 3.3.12 measured dose equivalent HMproduct of the reading, M, and the calibration facto
48、r, N HM= M N NOTE In the case of TLAD, elaborate algorithms are generally required (see E.3). 3.3.13 phantom specified object used to simulate the human body or parts thereof in terms of scattering and absorption properties NOTE For calibrations, the ISO water slab phantom is employed. It is made with polymethylmetaacrylate (PMMA) walls (front wall 2,5 mm thick, other walls 10 mm thick), of outer dimensions 30 cm 30 cm 15 cm and filled with water. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
