1、 Reference number ISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21650 First edition 2007-10-15 Actions from waves and currents on coastal structures Effets des vagues et des courants sur les structures ctires ISO 21650:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In ac
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6、office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and de
7、finitions. 2 3 Symbols . 9 4 Basic variables for actions from waves and currents 9 4.1 Water levels . 9 4.2 Waves. 10 4.3 Currents . 13 5 Wave and current action on structures 13 5.1 Wave action on mound breakwaters 13 5.2 Wave action on vertical and composite breakwaters . 16 5.3 Wave actions on co
8、astal dykes and seawalls . 17 5.4 Wave and current action on cylindrical members and isolated cylindrical structures. 20 5.5 Wave interaction with floating breakwaters. 21 5.6 Wave action on wave screens . 22 6 Probabilistic analysis of performance of structures exposed to action from waves and curr
9、ents 23 6.1 Examination of uncertainties related to wave and current action. 23 6.2 Reliability assessment of structures 24 Annex A (informative) Water levels 25 Annex B (informative) Wave action parameters 27 Annex C (informative) Currents 41 Annex D (informative) Wave action on rubble mound struct
10、ures. 43 Annex E (informative) Wave actions on vertical and composite breakwaters. 63 Annex F (informative) Wave action on coastal dykes and seawalls . 68 Annex G (informative) Wave and current actions on cylindrical members and isolated structures. 76 Annex H (informative) Wave interaction with flo
11、ating breakwaters 93 Annex I (informative) Wave action on wave screens 97 Annex J (informative) Probabilistic analysis of performance of structures exposed to action from waves and currents 102 Bibliography . 112 ISO 21650:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organi
12、zation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establishe
13、d has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
14、International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pub
15、lication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
16、 rights. ISO 21650 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures, Subcommittee SC 3, Loads, forces and other actions. ISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard, which deals with the actions from waves and currents on str
17、uctures in the coastal zone and in estuaries, is the first of its kind. Waves and currents and actions from waves and currents on structures in deeper water, especially structures for the petroleum industry, are dealt with in ISO 19901-1 and ISO 19902, ISO 19903 and ISO 19904-1. Some of the structur
18、al elements for deeper water structures and coastal structures are the same, especially elements with cylindrical shapes. There will thus be, to some extent, an overlap between this International Standard and other ISO standards on the wave and current actions on cylindrical structural elements. The
19、re is though, a difference in wave conditions and wave kinematics between coastal waves and deeper water waves. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Actions from waves and currents on coastal structures 1 Scope This International Standard describes the principles o
20、f determining the wave and current actions on structures of the following types in the coastal zone and estuaries: breakwaters: rubble mound breakwaters; vertical and composite breakwaters; wave screens; floating breakwaters; coastal dykes; seawalls; cylindrical structures (jetties, dolphins, lighth
21、ouses, pipelines etc.). For the rubble mound structures it is not possible to determine the forces on and the stability of each individual armour unit because of the complex flow around and between each armour unit. But there are formulae and principles to estimate the necessary armour unit mass giv
22、en the design wave conditions. Coefficients in these formulae are based on hydraulic model tests. Since the rubble mound structures are heavily used, they are included in this International Standard, although they may not be treated exactly in accordance with ISO 2394. This International Standard do
23、es not include breakwater layout for harbours, layout of structures to manage sediment transport, scour and beach stability or the response of flexible dynamic structures, except vortex induced vibrations. Design will be performed at different levels of detail: concepts; feasibility; detailed design
24、. This International Standard is aimed at serving the detailed design. It is pointed out that the annexes are only informative and are not guidelines/manuals. The annexes have no regulatory power. Wave and current conditions vary for different construction sites. It is very important to assess the w
25、ave and current conditions at a given site. Assessment procedures for these conditions and for their uncertainties are included. ISO 21650:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 actions force (lo
26、ad) applied to the structure by waves and/or currents 2.2 anchors units placed on the seabed, such as ship anchors, piles driven into the seabed or concrete blocks, to which mooring lines are attached to restrain a floating object from excessive movements 2.3 annual maximum method method of estimati
27、ng extreme wave heights based on a sample of annual maximum wave heights 2.4 armour layer protective layer on a breakwater, seawall or other rubble mound structures composed of armour units 2.5 armour unit relatively large quarry stone or concrete shaped unit that is selected to fit specified geomet
28、ric characteristics and density 2.6 astronomical tide phenomenon of the alternate rising and falling of sea surface solely governed by the astronomical conditions of the sun and the moon, which is predicted with the tidal constituents determined from harmonic analysis of tide level readings over a l
29、ong period 2.7 breakwater structure protecting a shore area, harbour, anchorage and/or basin from waves 2.8 buoyancy resultant of upward forces, exerted by the water on a submerged or floating body, equal to the weight of the water displaced by this body 2.9 chart datum CD reference level for soundi
30、ngs in navigation charts 2.10 core inner portion of a breakwater, dyke and rubble mound structures, often with low permeability 2.11 crest 1. highest point of a coastal structure 2. highest point of a wave profile 2.12 crown wall concrete superstructure on a rubble mound ISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007 A
31、ll rights reserved 3 2.13 datum level reference level for survey, design, construction and maintenance of coastal and maritime structures, often set at a chart datum or national geodetic datum 2.14 deep water water of such a depth that surface waves are little affected by bottom topography, being la
32、rger than about one-half the wavelength 2.15 design water level DWL water level selected for functional design, structural design and stability analysis of marine structures NOTE Generally it is the water level that mostly affects the safety of the structures/facilities in question. DWL is chosen in
33、 view of the acceptable level of risk of failure/damage. 2.16 density driven currents currents induced by horizontal gradients of water density generated by changes in the salinity and/or temperature, which are caused by the influx of fresh water from run-off from land through an estuary, heat flux
34、from coastal power stations, or other reasons 2.17 diffractions coefficient ratio of the height of diffracted waves to the height of incident waves 2.18 directional spreading function function expressing the relative distribution of wave energy in the directional domain 2.19 directional wave spectru
35、m function expressing the energy density distribution of waves in the frequency and directional domains, being expressed as the product of frequency wave spectrum and the directional spreading function 2.20 drag coefficient coefficient used in the Morison equation to determine the drag force 2.21 dy
36、ke berms nearly horizontal area in the seaward and landward dyke slope which are primarily built to provide access for maintenance and amenity and which reduce wave run-up and overtopping 2.22 dyke toe part of a dyke that terminates the base of the dyke on its seaward face NOTE Various toe construct
37、ions are used to prevent undermining of the dyke. 2.23 extreme sea state extreme waves state of waves occurring a few dozen times a year to once in many years, expressed with the significant wave height and the mean or significant wave period at the peak of storm event ISO 21650:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 A
38、ll rights reserved2.24 filter intermediate layer, preventing fine materials of an underlayer from being washed through the voids of an upper layer 2.25 floating breakwater moored floating object to reduce wave heights in the area behind the floating breakwater 2.26 foreshore shallow water zone near
39、the shore on which coastal dykes, seawalls and other structures are built NOTE In beach morphology the term foreshore is used to denote the part of the shore lying between the crest of the seaward berm and the ordinary low water mark. 2.27 frequency wave spectrum function expressing the energy densi
40、ty distribution of waves in the frequency domain 2.28 geotextile synthetic fabric which may be woven or non-woven used as a filter 2.29 highest astronomical tide HAT tide at the highest level that can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronom
41、ical conditions NOTE HAT is not reached every year and does not represent the highest sea level that can be reached, because storm surges and tsunamis may cause considerably higher levels to occur. 2.30 highest wave height height of the highest wave of a given wave record or that in a wave train und
42、er a given sea state 2.31 impulsive wave pressure water pressure of high peak intensity with a very short duration induced by the collision of the front surface of a breaking wave with a structure or the collision of a rising wave surface with a horizontal or slightly inclined deck of a pier 2.32 in
43、ertia coefficient coefficient used in the Morison equation to determine the inertia force 2.33 international marine chart datum IMCD chart datum set at the lowest astronomical tide level, as adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) 2.34 jetty GB pier US deck structure supported b
44、y vertical and possibly inclined piles extending into the sea, frequently in a direction normal to the coastline ISO 21650:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 2.35 lift coefficient coefficient used to determine the lift force 2.36 lowest astronomical tide LAT tide at the lowest level that can be
45、predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions NOTE LAT is not reached every year and does not represent the lowest sea level which can be reached, because storm surges (negative) and tsunamis may cause considerably lower levels to occ
46、ur. 2.37 mean high water springs MHWS average height of high waters, occurring at the time of spring tides 2.38 mean low water springs MLWS average height of low waters occurring at the time of the spring tides 2.39 mean sea level MSL average height of the sea level for all stages of the tide over a
47、 19-year period, generally determined from hourly height readings 2.40 mean water level MWL average elevation of the water surface over a given time period, usually determined from hourly tidal level readings NOTE The monthly mean water level varies around seasons by a few tens of centimetres. 2.41
48、mean wave period average period of all waves among a given wave record NOTE The mean wave period is often estimated from the spectral information obtained from a wave record. See 5.2.1. 2.42 moorings ropes, wires or chains to hold a floating object in position 2.43 overtopping passing of water over
49、the top of a structure as a result of wave run-up or surge actions NOTE This definition could serve as a general definition and should not be given individually for each structure. 2.44 parapet low wall built along the crest of a seawall ISO 21650:2007(E) 6 ISO 2007 All rights reserved2.45 peaks-over-threshold method POT method method of estimating extreme wave heights based on a sample of peak heights of storm waves exceeding some threshold level 2.46 peak wave period period corresponding to the peak of frequency wave sp
