1、 Reference number ISO 21350:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21350 First edition 2007-09-01 Space systems Off-the-shelf item utilization Systmes spatiaux Utilisation dquipement prt lemploi ISO 21350:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Ado
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6、le 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 21350:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Te
7、rms and definitions. 1 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Responsibilities 2 4.2 Tailoring. 2 5 Policy . 2 5.1 Evaluation of the OTS item design . 2 5.2 Rules in a critical application of OTS . 3 6 Precautions and warning notes 3 6.1 Notes about product heritage of OTS item 3 6.2 Notes about acquisition of OTS 4
8、6.3 Management of modified OTS. 5 6.4 Programmatic decision to use OTS 5 7 Decision logic for OTS item usage . 5 8 Procedure 5 8.1 Categorizing of available OTS items. 5 8.2 Considering a good candidate for selection6 8.3 Compromise of discrepancies between OTS and project requirements 6 8.4 Satisfy
9、ing OTS item requirements 6 Annex A (informative) A decision logic for OTS item utilization. 7 Annex B (normative) Requirement list for OTS item utilization 11 Annex C (informative) OTS item application categories 13 Bibliography . 14 ISO 21350:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (th
10、e International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committ
11、ee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechn
12、ical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
13、bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying
14、any or all such patent rights. ISO 21350 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. ISO 21350:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction Space projects are more often faced with proposals to use off-the-shelf
15、 (OTS) items which can offer opportunities for reduced cycle time, faster insertion of new technology and lower procurement costs. Space projects have been successful in using OTS items in space systems and products. These projects have found that the use of OTS items required a re-emphasis of some
16、traditional business, management and engineering practices, as well as a number of changes to other practices. Successful projects embraced these changes by building systems that were conceived, acquired and sustained with an understanding of the risk associated with OTS items. INTERNATIONAL STANDAR
17、D ISO 21350:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Space systems Off-the-shelf item utilization 1 Scope This International Standard contains requirements and guidelines for the utilization of off-the-shelf (OTS) items, their selection, acquisition, integration, qualification and implementation relat
18、ed to a space product or system. Specifically excluded are piece parts and materials, such as electrical, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) parts, thermocouples, rivets, fasteners, connectors, fittings, adhesives, insulation, wiring and plumbing. 2 Normative references The following referenced
19、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms a
20、nd definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000 and the following apply. 3.1 critical application any application where a failure could cause loss of life or loss of mission 3.2 product heritage collection of data supporting adequacy for the intended use
21、 by time in service, number of units in service, mean time between failures (MTBF) performance, failure history, number of use cycles and manufacturing characteristics 3.3 characteristic of high product heritage item from the original supplier that has maintained the great majority of the original s
22、ervice, design, performance and manufacturing characteristics 3.4 characteristic of low product heritage item that was not build by the original manufacturer, does not have a significant history of successful test and usage, or has had significant aspects of the original service, design performance
23、and manufacturing characteristics altered 3.5 item piece of hardware or software or combination of hardware and/or software, usually self-contained, which performs a distinctive function ISO 21350:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.6 off-the-shelf OTS existing item which has been developed for
24、a specific application and is intended to be used in another application 3.7 expanded specifications specification of OTS item in which the environment requirements are different from the vendor specification and the design of the OTS item has not been changed 4 Requirements 4.1 Responsibilities It
25、is the responsibility of the project or engineering organization to provide OTS items in accordance with this International Standard. 4.2 Tailoring When viewed from the perspective of a specific programme or project context, the requirements defined in this International Standard should be tailored
26、to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a programme or project. NOTE Tailoring is a process by which individual requirements or specifications, standards and related documents are evaluated and made applicable to a specific programme or project by selection and
27、, in some exceptional cases, modification and addition of requirements in the standards. 5 Policy 5.1 Evaluation of the OTS item design 5.1.1 General For projects which have design responsibility, the following practices shall be adhered to in the application of OTS items. These practices shall addr
28、ess the potential impact of an OTS item at any level of functionality. 5.1.2 OTS item requirements Requirements shall be defined and baselined for each OTS item application. 5.1.3 OTS item evaluation Early environmental and performance tests on sample OTS items that verify supplier compliance with p
29、rocurement specifications shall be performed. The extent of this testing will be determined by design based on the criticality of the application and the significance of any modifications performed and approved by the project. For critical applications, product data, inspection data, and test or usa
30、ge data shall be reviewed prior to final selection of the OTS item. During the design phase, the OTS item shall be specifically evaluated to see if the proposed application is within the range of environments and operating conditions which are consistent with the OTS use experience and advertised sp
31、ecifications. This will include evaluation of advertised specification data, vendor inspection and test data, if available, or the generation of additional data over the intended operating and environmental range by the project or organization intending to use the flight time testing. For an OTS ite
32、m to be selected, there shall be data showing the OTS items conformance to its specification, including the availability of associated documentation. ISO 21350:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 If the intended operation of an OTS item is outside the specified operating conditions or environment
33、s over which the item has demonstrated successful performance, then a) an appropriate conservative design margin (i.e. margin) shall be applied by the responsible design organization for the intended use conditions, and/or b) a comprehensive inspection and test programme shall be implemented to prov
34、e that the OTS item is acceptable. Since the OTS item is being operated outside its envelope, these extra measures will provide the confidence in the design that was not available through the empirical body of data that is implicit in repeated successful operations of a common design under specified
35、 environments and operating conditions. Qualification assessment should be conducted in accordance with ISO 15865. 5.2 Rules in a critical application of OTS 5.2.1 Operational boundaries The OTS item shall not operate near the boundaries of its performance or environmental envelopes. To ensure this,
36、 specific margins shall be established during the design phase of the project and adhered to during the selection of the OTS. 5.2.2 Design evaluation Prior to preliminary design review, critical aspects of a design that utilizes OTS items shall be identified and evaluated. This evaluation shall ensu
37、re that the intended applicable functions to be performed by the OTS items are addressed and that the previous existing functions of the OTS items are consistent with the new application. 5.2.3 OTS item modifications Following the configuration management rules applicable to the project, the OTS ite
38、m modifications shall be developed jointly by the project or organization intending to use the flight item and the vendor, if practical. OTS items shall not be modified for a critical application unless adequate vendor design disclosure is obtained, or the project or engineering organization develop
39、ing/proving the flight item have an adequate understanding of the OTS item design. 5.2.4 Qualification requirements The project or organization intending to use the OTS item shall establish a qualification plan on the basis of Annex B. OTS items utilized in critical applications should be reviewed a
40、t each scheduled design review and approved as appropriate. For implementation of OTS items in a non-critical application, the selected Annex B requirements, or exceptions thereto, should at a minimum be reviewed and approved by the leader of the project or organization intending to use the OTS item
41、. 6 Precautions and warning notes 6.1 Notes about product heritage of OTS item 6.1.1 OTS product heritage The “heritage” of an OTS item can be an indicator of the quality or reliability of OTS items in a space application. ISO 21350:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved“High heritage” does not exis
42、t on all OTS items. An OTS item may have a “low heritage” due to limited production because of recent availability, low sales volume, unique application, etc. 6.1.2 Application of OTS design/manufacturing practices OTS design or manufacturing practices may not be acceptable despite the heritage of m
43、ass production. Inspection and/or testing should confirm workmanship acceptability to the degree determined by the project or organization intending to use the OTS item as appropriate for its application. 6.1.3 OTS design margins OTS design margins should be verified with the vendor, determined by t
44、esting, or an additional safety factor included, particularly for critical items. 6.2 Notes about acquisition of OTS 6.2.1 General When the project or organization intending to use flight items utilizes OTS hardware, unique acquisition issues may be encountered. The following areas should be conside
45、red. 6.2.2 Specification The project should ensure that the OTS item is purchased to work within the expected specification required by the application and should obtain environmental specifications and/or test data from the vendor to confirm compatibility. There shall be data showing the OTS items
46、conformance to its specification, including the availability of associated documentation. 6.2.3 Space environment OTS vendors (designers or manufacturers) may not be sensitive to space environment issues such as radiation, vacuum, thermal extremes, lack of convection cooling in zero-G, launch vibrat
47、ion, or enriched oxygen atmosphere. Therefore, the project or engineering organization providing/developing the flight item should accept responsibility for assessing space environment compatibility. 6.2.4 Configuration control The vendor configuration control of OTS items may not ensure that all pr
48、oducts are manufactured/developed identically. OTS items manufactured/developed at different times may have differences in materials, parts and/or development process. Whenever feasible, all OTS items (including development test units and spares) should be purchased from a single lot to minimize mat
49、erial/part/process differences. If not feasible, OTS items purchased should be traceable to lot, if possible. 6.2.5 Acceptance testing OTS acceptance testing may need to be more comprehensive than the typical manufacturing defect screening tests, especially when the purchase of a single lot is not feasible. The more comprehensive acceptance testing should include workmanship as well as performance under expected use environments. 6.2.6 Maintenance If the project or organization intending to use the flight item is to become responsible f
