1、 Reference number ISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-3 First edition 2010-03-01 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 3: High viscosity oil Navires et technologie maritime Protection de lenvironnement marin: essa
2、is de performance des cumeurs du ptrole Partie 3: Ptrole haute densit ISO 21072-3:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are li
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7、erland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Test facility requirements.2 4.1 General .2 4.2 Oil properties .2 4.3 Air and water temperature3 4.4 Oil sl
8、ick thickness .3 4.5 Measuring tanks 3 5 Clearance requirements3 6 Test parameters.3 6.1 General .3 6.2 Test oil properties .3 6.3 Oil slick thickness .4 6.4 Skimmer operating parameters .4 6.5 Debris interference4 6.6 Skimmer movement through slick.5 7 Test procedures.5 7.1 Preparations prior to te
9、sting 5 7.2 Actions during testing period 6 7.3 Actions after testing6 8 Performance parameters 6 8.1 General .6 8.2 Fluid recovery rate 6 8.3 Oil recovery testing rate .7 8.4 Oil recovery efficiency 7 9 Measurements and reporting .7 9.1 General .7 9.2 Oil properties .7 9.3 Environmental parameters
10、.7 9.4 Skimmer operating parameters .7 9.5 Other test parameters .8 9.6 Recovery parameters8 9.7 Performance parameters (calculated parameters) 8 9.8 Equipment specification and test documentation .8 10 Quality control .8 10.1 Test duration and fluid volume 8 10.2 Repetitions .9 Bibliography10 ISO 2
11、1072-3:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem
12、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El
13、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ado
14、pted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pat
15、ent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21072-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 2, Marine environment protection. ISO 21072 consists of the following parts, under the general title Shi
16、ps and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers: Part 1: Moving water conditions Part 2: Static water conditions Part 3: High viscosity oil ISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 21072 standardizes performance testing of oil ski
17、mmers used in marine pollution control. Some oil skimmers have previously been performance tested under non-standard conditions and procedures, with declared performance parameters being of limited value to the end user, especially under field conditions. ISO 21072 provides for carrying out and reco
18、rding the results of full-scale tests for a skimmer under a variety of test conditions. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 3: High viscosity oil 1 Scope This part
19、 of ISO 21072 specifies a methodology for establishing quantitative performance data for oil skimmers for recovery of oil with high viscosity, so the end user can objectively judge, compare and evaluate the design and performance of different skimmers. The methodology applies to testing in a basin a
20、nd requires control of oil properties and oil slick characteristics. The method is applicable to all types of skimmer provided that the equipment dimensions are within the physical limitations of the test basin. The test procedure provides full-scale test results for the unit tested, under controlle
21、d conditions, and for one or more classes of highly viscous oil. Attention is drawn to the care required when applying the test results to predict a realistic skimmer performance under field conditions. For dedicated/inbuilt systems the test procedures outlined in this part of ISO 21072 are only app
22、licable to the skimming device as such, not the entire skimming system. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
23、 document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16165, Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response ISO 21072-1, Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 1: Moving water conditions 3
24、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16165, ISO 21072-1 and the following apply. 3.1 high viscosity oil oil that due to its properties does not readily flow to a skimmer ISO 21072-3:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved4 Test facility requi
25、rements 4.1 General This part of ISO 21072 is applicable to any test arrangement that allows for the control and monitoring of the test conditions specified. Figure 1 gives examples of test arrangements. a) Test tank set-up prior to commencement of test and under test conditions b) Skimmer moving th
26、rough oil slick under test conditions Key 1 skimmer body 2 pick-up/entrance of oil to skimmer 3 test oil 4 removable barrier Figure 1 Examples of test arrangements The test facility shall be designed and equipped to control the parameters listed in 4.2 to 4.5. 4.2 Oil properties The facility shall b
27、e able to maintain the oil properties for the duration of the test. Analytical equipment shall be available for measuring oil properties (see 9.1). ISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 34.3 Air and water temperature Testing may be carried out at any water temperature, provided that requi
28、rements with respect to oil properties are met. The facility shall be able to maintain the water temperature in the test basin at a selected test temperature with maximum variation of 2 C throughout the testing period. 4.4 Oil slick thickness The test facility shall incorporate means of measuring oi
29、l slick thickness before and after the test, with an accuracy of at least 20 %. 4.5 Measuring tanks In order to provide for sufficient replicates during the test process, the test facility shall incorporate a sufficient number of calibrated tanks for accurately measuring fluid recovery rate, oil rec
30、overy rate, and water uptake. The tank volumes shall correspond to the expected recovery rate of the unit to be tested so as to provide data collection periods of sufficient duration and with sufficient measuring accuracy (see 10.1). 5 Clearance requirements Throughout testing, to minimize any effec
31、t on oil flow to the unit or otherwise impede normal operation, there shall be sufficient clearance between the skimmer and the tank walls and any containment device. The side clearance shall at all times be at least 50 % of the extreme width (diameter or equivalent dimension) of the skimmer under t
32、est. The clearance between the unit and the tank floor shall be sufficient to not interfere with normal operation of the skimmer. 6 Test parameters 6.1 General Testing shall establish quantitative performance data for the unit as a function of the following parameters: test oil properties; oil slick
33、 thickness; skimmer operating parameters; debris interference; forward movement of skimmer through slick. 6.2 Test oil properties Viscosity is the main property for the test oil, regardless of the water content, provided that testing is carried out with oils meeting the specifications given in Table
34、 1. Oil and emulsion viscosity shall be reported at shear rates 1,10 s 1 . All oils and emulsions may be reused provided that the properties of the test fluids remain within the ranges given in Table 1. ISO 21072-3:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reservedTable 1 Ranges for oil properties and related s
35、lick parameters Oil class Target viscosity (cP) aViscosity range (cP) Density (kg/l) Slick thickness (mm) Examples 7 100 000 50 000 to 200 000 0,96 to 0,99 100 20 Emulsion of heavy fuel or clean heavy bitumen crude 8 500 000 200 000 to 700 000 0,96 to 0,99 100 20 Emulsion of heavy fuel or clean heav
36、y bitumen crude 9 1 000 000 700 000 to 1 500 000 0,96 to 0,99 100 20 Bitumen aAt shear rate 1,10 s 1 . 6.3 Oil slick thickness For each specific test, the slick thickness shall be within the range defined in Table 1. Slick thickness shall be measured before and after test. 6.4 Skimmer operating para
37、meters There are a number of operating parameters that can affect the skimmer performance, such as adhesion surface speed and its direction of rotation, inclination angles, pump flow rates, and skimmer draft. From these parameters, the main operational parameters affecting performance shall be ident
38、ified in order of importance. A minimum of three tests inclusive of the main operating parameter shall be conducted. 6.5 Debris interference Testing shall be carried out at one of the speeds listed in 6.6, to assess the skimmers ability to operate in the presence of various forms of debris in the oi
39、l slick. This test is qualitative in nature, assessed by a visual examination, and is intended to provide the end user with a general indication of the effects of different materials that are often found in oil spill recovery situations. Of particular interest would be the effects of the debris on o
40、il intake, essential mechanical elements of the unit (e.g. scrapers, wringers, pumps), and overall processing of the recovered oil. The following groups of materials shall be introduced into the oil slick individually. Their impacts shall be observed and reported. Then the material shall be cleared
41、from the testing area before the next group is introduced. ISO 21072-3:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5Table 2 Materials to be introduced into oil slick Materials Specifications Ropes Two 1,0 m W 25 mm diameter polypropylene ropes; Two 1,0 m W 8 mm diameter polypropylene ropes; Four 0,6 m W 75
42、 mm diameter polypropylene ropes Soft wood pieces One board (1,0 m 50 mm 100 mm); Ten blocks (10 mm 25 mm 40 mm) Loose materials Five litres shredded of wood bark or wood shavings (size W 5 mm u 25 mm) Plastic containers Four 0,5 litre plastic soft-drink bottles; Two 3,0 litre open-top plastic conta
43、iners Plastic bags Four plastic bags (of the “disposable” type used for groceries), approximately 300 mm 300 mm; Two large plastic bags (of the type used for domestic garbage), approximately 500 mm 1 000 mm 6.6 Skimmer movement through slick Testing investigates the effect of the movement of the uni
44、t through the oil slick. Testing shall be carried out at the following relative forward-velocities. 0 m/s 0,04 m/s 0,1 m/s In addition, testing may be carried out at higher relative forward-velocities. 7 Test procedures 7.1 Preparations prior to testing a) Prepare the required quantity of test oil e
45、nsuring that the oil properties are according to Table 1. b) Measure and record oil properties as described in 9.2. c) Locate skimmer in tank, as indicated in Figure 1 a). d) Install oil-retaining barrier, or other means of keeping oil away from skimmer, prior to start. e) Ensure that the requiremen
46、ts with respect to clearances specified in Clause 5 are met. f) Preload the tank with the test oil, until the thickness required in Table 1 is obtained behind the oil-retaining barrier, ensuring that the skimmer remains in clear water. g) The towing arrangement to provide forward motion for carrying
47、 out the motion test see Figure 1 b), should be installed in such a way that it does not adversely influence the test. NOTE This does not apply when using a self-propelled skimmer. ISO 21072-3:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reserved7.2 Actions during testing period a) Start the skimmer, offloading pu
48、mp(s), and associated equipment; control and adjust the operating parameters to desired settings (speed, draft, etc). b) Remove or open the oil-retaining barrier to allow the skimmer to fully access the oil. c) For skimmer movement tests at relative forward-velocities in excess of 0 m/s, start the t
49、owing/propelling mechanism and adjust it to provide a relative forward-velocity as specified in 6.6. d) When steady state is achieved, divert flow of the recovery fluid to the first measuring tank and maintain until the testing cycle is completed (see 10.1). Record the time at the start of the measuring period. e) Subject to test tank length, and a steady state being maintained, divert the recovery flow to the next measuring tank. f) Throughout the t
