1、 ISO 2016 Workplace air General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents Air des lieux de travail Exigences gnrales concernant les performances des procdures de mesure des agents chimiques INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20581 First edition 2016-11-01 Referenc
2、e number ISO 20581:2016(E) ISO 20581:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
3、mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Gene
4、va, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 20581:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Classification 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration 2
5、 4.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space . 2 4.4 Measurements for comparison with occupational exposure limit values . 2 4.5 Periodic measurements . 2 5 Performance requirements . 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Screening measurements of time-weighted average concentratio
6、n 3 5.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space . 3 5.4 Measurements for comparison with limit values and periodic measurements . 3 5.4.1 Unambiguity 3 5.4.2 Selectivity . 3 5.4.3 Averaging time . 4 5.4.4 Measuring range. 4 5.4.5 Expanded uncertainty . 4 5.4.6 Chemi
7、cal agents where compliant methods are not available . 4 5.5 Composite procedures 4 5.6 Transport, handling and/or storage . 5 5.7 Environmental conditions . 5 5.8 Description of measuring procedure . 5 5.9 Dimension of result . 5 5.10 Additional requirements 5 6 Test method . 6 7 Validation report
8、7 Annex A (informative) Structure of a method description 8 Annex B (informative) Calculation of uncertainty of measurement 9 Bibliography .16 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 20581:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
9、of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. I
10、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those
11、 intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (se
12、e www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the docu
13、ment will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms an
14、d expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air
15、quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workplace atmospheres.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 20581:2016(E) Introduction National laws and regulations require the assessment of the potential exposure of a worker to chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. One way of assessing such exposure is to measure th
16、e concentration of a chemical agent in the air in the workers breathing zone. The procedures used for such measurements should provide reliable and valid results for the comparison purpose of exposure measurements with occupational exposure limit values and for the provision of acceptable control st
17、rategies. This document is based on EN 482:2012, amended by Amendment 1:2015, and introduces general requirements to fulfil the measurement procedures in the process of quantitative exposure assessment. Specific International Standards and European Standards have been prepared for different types of
18、 measuring procedures and measuring devices. These include standards for airborne particle samplers EN 13205 (all parts), diffusive samplers (ISO 16107 and EN 838), pumped samplers (EN 1076), short-term detector tubes (ISO 17621), personal sampling pumps (ISO 13137), metals and metalloids in airborn
19、e particles (EN 13890), mixtures of airborne particles and vapour (EN 13936) and direct reading instruments for toxic gases and vapours EN 45544 (all parts). In these specific standards, additional requirements have been included for the procedure or device in question, so that the general requireme
20、nts of this document are not compromised. Where no specific International and/or European Standard exists, only the general requirements apply. Performance requirements given in this document are intended to apply under environmental conditions present at the workplace. However, because a wide range
21、 of environmental conditions is encountered in practice, this document specifies requirements that have to be fulfilled by measuring procedures when tested under prescribed laboratory conditions. It is the users responsibility to choose the appropriate procedures or devices that meet the requirement
22、s of this document. One way of doing this is to obtain information or confirmation from the provider of a procedure or the manufacturer of a device. Type-testing or, more generally, assessment of the performance of procedures or devices, can be undertaken by the manufacturer, user, testing house or
23、research and development laboratory, as is most appropriate. A number of existing procedures for workplace measurements have either been tested over a part of the required minimum measuring range, but not over the entire range, or have not been tested for all environmental influences and potential i
24、nterferences. If these partially validated procedures meet the performance requirements of this document, they can be used at present. Nevertheless, these procedures should be tested over the full ranges as soon as is reasonably practicable. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v Workplace air General requi
25、rements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents 1 Scope This document specifies general performance requirements for procedures for the determination of the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. These requirements apply to all steps of measuring
26、procedures regardless of the physical form of the chemical agent (gas, vapour, airborne particles), measuring procedures with separate sampling and analytical methods, and direct-reading devices. This document specifies requirements that have to be fulfilled by measuring procedures when tested under
27、 prescribed laboratory conditions due to a wide range of environmental conditions encountered in practice. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only
28、the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 78-2, Chemistry Layouts for standards Part 2: Methods of chemical analysis ISO 7708, Air quality Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling ISO
29、 13137, Workplace atmospheres Pumps for personal sampling of chemical and biological agents Requirements and test methods ISO 16107, Workplace atmospheres Protocol for evaluating the performance of diffusive samplers ISO 17621, Workplace atmospheres Short term detector tube measurement systems Requi
30、rements and test methods EN 838, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring gases and vapours using diffusive samplers Requirements and test methods EN 1076, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring gases and vapours using pumped samplers Requirements and test methods EN 13205 (all parts), Workp
31、lace exposure Assessment of sampler performance for measurement of airborne particle concentrations EN 13890, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring metals and metalloids in airborne particles Requirements and test methods EN 13936, Workplace exposure Procedures for measuring a chemical agent p
32、resent as a mixture of airborne particles and vapour Requirements and test methods EN 45544 (all parts), Workplace atmospheres Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 20581:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rig
33、hts reserved 1 ISO 20581:2016(E) 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18158 apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electrope
34、dia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 4 Classific ation 4.1 General In this document, measurements are classified according to their purposes. These classifications are based upon the measurement strategy in EN 689. 4.2 Screening measurements of time-weighted av
35、erage concentration Screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration are performed to obtain semiquantitative information on exposure levels. Such information is used to identify potential health hazards, and to estimate the risk to health based on the likely severity of harm and the pr
36、obability of its occurrence. These measurements can also determine if the exposure is significantly below or above the occupational exposure limit value (OELV). Apparatus intended for detection and concentration measurements of chemical agents, that meets the requirements of this document and is cap
37、able of reporting the time-weighted average, can be used. 4.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space are used to provide information on the likely pattern of the concentration of chemical age
38、nts in the air and to identify locations and periods of elevated exposure. The screening measurements also provide information on the location and intensity of emission sources and to estimate the effectiveness of ventilation or other technical measures. Apparatus intended for detection and concentr
39、ation measurements of chemical agents, that meets the requirements of this document, can be used. 4.4 Measurements for comparison with occupational exposure limit values Provided the method meets established acceptable uncertainty criteria, measurements can be made for comparison with OELVs. Measure
40、ments can be taken to determine whether a workers exposure exceeds the OELV initially and repeated after any significant change in working conditions, industrial process, products or chemicals, or OELV. 4.5 Periodic measurements Periodic measurements are used to determine whether exposure conditions
41、 have changed since the measurements for comparison with OELVs were performed, or whether control measures remain effective. The interval between measurements should be established based on the initial occupational exposure assessment or subsequent amendments to it. NOTE Since the composition of the
42、 workplace atmosphere will have been investigated during the initial occupational exposure assessment and the composition is known not to vary over time, it can be appropriate for periodic measurements to use procedures with lower selectivity.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 20581:2016(E) 5 Perfor
43、mance requirements 5.1 General Performance requirements for measuring procedures depend on the purpose for which they are used. The performance requirements for screening measurements are less stringent than for measurements for the comparison with limit values and periodic measurements. Therefore,
44、the performance requirements for screening measurements in 5.2 and 5.3 are only given in general terms. 5.2 Screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration The purpose of these measurements is described in 4.2. The measurement procedures shall have a) adequate selectivity for the chemi
45、cal agent, b) averaging time less than or equal to the limit value reference period, c) measuring range that includes the limit value, and d) expanded uncertainty that is fit for purpose. 5.3 Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time and/or space The purpose of these measurements
46、is described in 4.3. The measuring procedures shall have a) adequate selectivity for the chemical agent, b) short averaging time (for variation of concentration in time 5 min; for variation of concentration in space 15 min), c) measuring range that is fit for purpose (see 4.3), and d) expanded uncer
47、tainty that is fit for purpose. 5.4 Measurements for comparison with limit values and periodic measurements 5.4.1 Unambiguity A measuring procedure shall produce an unambiguous result for the concentration of the chemical agent being measured in the specified measuring range, i.e. an analytically de
48、termined value shall correspond to one concentration only within a known uncertainty. 5.4.2 Selectivity The measuring procedure shall contain appropriate information about the nature and magnitude of any interference. NOTE 1 Selectivity requirements vary from case to case, depending on what is known
49、 in advance about the workplace air. If the identity of all contaminants present is not known in advance, then the measuring procedure will need to have a high selectivity. If the identity of all contaminants is known prior to measurement and there are no interferents present, then it might be possible to use a measurement procedure with a low or adequate selectivity. Where a particle size fraction, as defined in ISO 7708, is specified for an OELV, procedures for measuring chemical agents present as airbor
