1、Reference number ISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18906 First edition 2000-12-15 Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film Matriaux pour image Films photographiques Spcifications pour le film de scuritISO 18906:2000(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may c
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4、parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2000 All rights reserved. Unless oth
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6、ht office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2000 All rights reservedISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Term and defini
7、tion .1 3 Property requirements 1 4 Ignition time test 2 5 Burning time test .2 Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards4 Annex B (informative) Field test 6 Annex C (informative) Marking 7 Annex D (informative) Float test 8 Figure 1 Burning time test specimen (not t
8、o scale).3ISO 18906:2000(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical commit
9、tees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the In
10、ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member b
11、odies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for
12、 identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 18906 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of ISO 543:1990, of which it constitutes a minor revision. This International Standard is one of a serie
13、s of International Standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 18999 (see annex A). Annexes A to D of this International Standard are for infor
14、mation only.ISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved v Introduction Although the manufacture of films not complying with this International Standard is currently very rare, if it takes place at all, there remains a great amount of such films stored in archives and libraries. Due to the risk of
15、 ignition caused by careless handling, of self-ignition after long and adverse storage conditions, or rapid burning characteristics, it is necessary to provide film owners with a method of determining whether their film is “safety photographic film“. That is the objective of this International Stand
16、ard.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 1 Imaging materials Photographic films Specifications for safety film 1 Scope This International Standard provides specifications and test procedures for establishing the safety of photographic films with respect to hazards fr
17、om fire. The specifications are applicable to both unprocessed and processed 1) films on any type of currently known plastic support. These specifications cover silver films (both gelatin and non-gelatin types), colour films, diazo films, vesicular films, and striped or full-width magnetic films. Ma
18、gnetic tapes and video recording tapes are excluded. A field test for burning behaviour is described in informative annex B, and methods of marking film are defined in informative annex C. A simple test to distinguish non-safety nitrate-base film from cellulose ester and polyester- base film is give
19、n in informative annex D. 2 Term and definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition applies. 2.1 safety photographic film photographic film which passes the ignition time test and burning time test as specified in this International Standard 3 Property
20、requirements 3.1 Ignition time Photographic films are classified as having passed the ignition time test when the ignition time is not less than 10 min when tested as specified in clause 4. 3.2 Burning time Photographic films having a thickness equal to or greater than 0,08 mm are classified as havi
21、ng passed the burning time test when the burning time is greater than 45 s when tested as specified in clause 5. Photographic films having a thickness less than 0,08 mm are classified as having passed the burning time test when the burning time is greater than 30 s. 1) Normally, unprocessed and proc
22、essed films have the same safety characteristics, so either one may be tested for conformance to these specifications. If an additional treatment, such as a lacquer coating, has been applied after processing, the safety characteristics may or may not be affected. In case of doubt, both unprocessed a
23、nd processed films must be tested.ISO 18906:2000(E) 2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 4 Ignition time test 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Electric resistance oven, the interior of which is a cavity of appropriate size to hold the film specimen and an instrument for measuring the temperature (4.1.2) in the centre
24、of the cavity. The top of the oven shall be closed by means of a closely overlapping lid having two holes of diameter approximately 7 mm and 15 mm respectively, the centres being at a distance of about 15 mm from each other. 4.1.2 Thermocouple, having connecting wires with an insulated coating fitti
25、ng tightly into the smaller hole of the lid of the oven (4.1.1). Alternatively, the temperature in the cavity may be measured by means of other temperature measuring instruments such as a mercury thermometer fitted into the smaller hole, protected from the rising heat by means of a cork disc lying a
26、bove the lid. 4.2 Specimens Cut three specimens 35 mm long and 8 mm wide from the film to be tested. Specimens shall be free from perforations as far as is practicable. 4.3 Procedure Bring the oven to (300 10) o C and maintain it at this temperature. When this temperature is reached, attach the spec
27、imen to a thin U-shaped wire hook and introduce it through the larger opening in the lid of the oven. Fix the instrument for measuring the temperature (4.1.2) and the specimen in such a way that the thermojunction (or mercury bulb) and the centre of the specimen are at an equal depth of approximatel
28、y 35 mm. Record the time interval from the insertion of the specimen to the ignition time of the specimen as the ignition time. Test the three specimens. Before each measurement, thoroughly air the oven. 4.4 Expression of results If any one of the three specimens does not meet the ignition time requ
29、irement, the material is considered to have failed the test. 5 Burning time test 5.1 Specimens Cut three specimens each 400 mm long and 35 mm wide from the film to be tested. If only films narrower than 35 mm are available, specimens 400 mm long and of full width may be tested 2) . Mark each specime
30、n at a point 50 mm from each end. If the specimens are not already perforated, perforate them with holes approximately 3 mm in diameter along one edge, at intervals of not more than 20 mm. 2) Photographic films, when tested by this method, have similar flame propagation characteristics and approxima
31、tely the same burning times, regardless of whether the width of the samples tested is 35 mm or less.ISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 3 If a continuous strip 400 mm long cannot be obtained from the film being tested, shorter lengths may be stapled together with a 1 mm to 2 mm overlap to
32、 give the required length. Thread a wire having a diameter of not more than 0,5 mm through the perforations on one side so that the specimen is supported at points not more than 20 mm apart. Though no conditioning other than the normal room temperature is required, the film shall be dry to the touch
33、. 5.2 Procedure Carry out the test in a room free from draughts. With the wire stretched horizontally and the specimen hanging vertically from it, ignite the bottom of one end (see Figure 1). Record the time that elapses from the moment the flame reached the first mark until the time it reaches the
34、second mark as the burning time. Test the three specimens. 5.3 Expression of results If the specimen does not ignite or if the flame does not reach the second mark within the stipulated time, classify the film as having passed the burning time test. If any one of the three specimens does not pass th
35、e burning time test, the material is considered to have failed. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1W i r e Figure 1 Burning time test specimen (not to scale)ISO 18906:2000(E) 4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards The current numbering s
36、ystem for TC 42 documents dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials is confusing since the five digit numbers that are used are not in any consecutive order. To facilitate remembering the numbers, ISO has set aside a block of numbers from 18900 to 18999 and all revision
37、s and new International Standards will be given a number within this block. The last three digits will be identical to the current ANSI/PIMA numbers of published documents. This will be advantageous to the technical experts from Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and the USA who have prepared the standa
38、rd and who are familiar with the ANSI/PIMA numbers. As the current International Standards are revised and published, their new numbers will be as given in Table A.1. Table A.1 New ISO numbers Current or former ISO number Title New ISO number 10602 Photography Processed silver-gelatin type black-and
39、-white film Specifications for stability 18901 10214 Photography Processed photographic materials Filing enclosures for storage 18902 6221 Photography Films and papers Determination of dimensional change 18903 5769 Photography Processed films Method for determining lubrication 18904 8225 Photography
40、 Ammonia-processed diazo photographic film Specifications for stability 18905 543 Photography Photographic films Specifications for safety film 18906 6077 Photography Photographic films and papers Wedge test for brittleness 18907 8776 Photography Photographic film Determination of folding endurance
41、18908 10977 Photography Processed photographic colour films and paper prints Methods for measuring image stability 18909 4330 Photography Determination of the curl of photographic film and paper 18910 5466 Photography Processed safety photographic films Storage practices 18911 9718 Photography Proce
42、ssed vesicular photographic film Specifications for stability 18912 12206 Photography Methods for the evaluation of the effectiveness of chemical conversion of silver images against oxidation 18915 14523 Photography Processed photographic materials Photographic activity test for enclosure materials
43、18916 417 Photography Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials Methods using iodine- amylose, methylene blue and silver sulfide 18917 3897 Photography Processed photographic plates Storage practices 18918ISO 18906:2000(E) ISO 2000 All righ
44、ts reserved 5 Table A.1 (continued) Current or former ISO number Title New ISO number 14806 Photography Thermally processed silver (TPS) microfilm Specifications for stability 18919 6051 Photography Processed reflection prints Storage practices 18920 15524 Photography Polyester-base magnetic tape St
45、orage practices 18923 15640 Photography Imaging materials Test method for Arrhenius-type predictions 18924ISO 18906:2000(E) 6 ISO 2000 All rights reserved Annex B (informative) Field test B.1 Principle The following test method may be used for quickly identifying whether most photographic films are
46、of the safety or the nitrate variety, without technical equipment or the expenditure of large amounts of specimen film. However, this test does not determine compliance of a film with this International Standard. Anyone unfamiliar with the burning of safety and nitrate photographic films should firs
47、t conduct this test on samples of both types of film, the identities of which are known. B.2 Specimen Cut a piece of film approximately 16 mm wide and 35 mm long. Bend the film lengthwise and crease it sufficiently so that when released it will stand upright. B.3 Procedure Stand the specimen (with t
48、he crease vertical) on a flat fireproof surface, such as an ashtray, glass plate, concrete floor, etc. WARNING This must be done at a safe distance from all film stocks. With a match flame, ignite one of the top corners of the film. B.4 Expression of results If the specimen ignites easily, burns dow
49、nward rapidly and vigorously with a bright yellow flame, and is completely consumed in less than 15 s, the film probably contains dangerous quantities of cellulose nitrate and probably will not pass the tests of this International Standard for safety film. If the specimen ignites with difficulty and burns only partially, or if it burns completely in a time not under 15 s, it is likely but not assured that the film will pass the tests describ
