1、 Reference number ISO 18669-2:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18669-2 First edition 2004-09-01 Internal combustion engines Piston pins Part 2: Inspection measuring principles Moteurs combustion interne Axes de pistons Partie 2: Principes de mesure pour le contrle ISO 18669-2:2004(E) PDF d
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6、of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 18669-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope
7、1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Measuring principles 2 3.1 General measuring conditions 2 3.2 Characteristics and measuring principles . 2 ISO 18669-2:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar
8、ds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi
9、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
10、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %
11、of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18669-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road
12、vehicles. ISO 18669 consists of the following parts, under the general title Internal combustion engines Piston pins: Part 1: General specifications Part 2: Inspection measuring principles INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18669-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Internal combustion engines Piston pin
13、s Part 2: Inspection measuring principles 1 Scope This part of ISO 18669 defines the measuring principles to be used for measuring piston pins; it applies to piston pins from 8 mm up to and including 100 mm outside diameter for reciprocating internal combustion engines and compressors. In certain ap
14、plications, except road vehicles, and provided that mutual agreement is made between the purchaser and the manufacturer, this part of ISO 18669 may be used with suitable modifications. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F
15、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out ISO 2639, St
16、eels Determination and verification of the depth of carburized and hardened cases ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters ISO 4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Ru
17、les and procedures for the assessment of surface texture ISO 9934 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle testing ISO 6506 (all parts), Metallic materials Brinell hardness test ISO 6507 (all parts), Metallic materials Vickers hardness test ISO 6508 (all parts), Metallic materials Rock
18、well hardness test QS 9000, Quality Systems Requirements ISO 14104:1995, Gears Surface temper etch inspection after grinding ISO 14253 (all parts), Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Inspection by measurement of work pieces and measuring equipment ISO 18669-1:2004, Internal combustion engines
19、Piston pins Part 1: Specifications EN 583 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination ISO 18669-2:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3 Measuring principles 3.1 General measuring conditions The following general requirements are applicable to all measuring principles unless otherwi
20、se specified: a) Measurements shall be made using instruments with a resolution not exceeding 10 % of the tolerance of the dimension being measured. b) Concerning “Measuring uncertainty”, take notice of ISO 14253. c) Concerning “Acceptance of gauge repeatability and reproducibility (% R & R)” take n
21、otice of QS 9000. d) The reference temperature for outside-diameter measurements shall be 21 1 C. 3.2 Characteristics and measuring principles Characteristic Measuring principle 3.2.1 Outside diameter d 1Diameter of the outer surface measured at any point excluding areas of edge drop-off, b (see Fig
22、ure 10, ISO 18669:2004). Method A: Reference method. Measure with a precision calliper having spherical measuring probes each of radius 1,5 mm min. exerting a measuring force of approximately 1 N (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Outside-diameter measuring principle Other methods: All methods which are able
23、to guarantee the required measurement uncertainty. Method must be agreed to between manufacturer and client. Measurement uncertainty: 0,000 5 mm in accordance with ISO 14253 ISO 18669-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3Characteristic Measuring principle 3.2.2 Cylindricity of the outside diamete
24、r d 1Geometric form of the peripheral surface excluding areas of edge drop-off, b. Characteristics measured in the axial direction are taper, convexity, concavity and waviness. (Reference: ISO 1101) Method A: Record and evaluate a macro-form diagram of opposite sides in the axial direction (profile
25、lines) or by recording and evaluating of a multiple polar diagram (measuring in min. 3 planes, near both ends and centre of pin). Method B: Outside diameter, d 1measured in a V-block by diametral gauging at centre of piston pin and at distance l x from both ends and calculating the difference rate (
26、see Figure 2). Measuring sensor: according to 3.2.1. l x= 0,15 d 1d 1W 50 mm l x= 0,10 d 1d 1 50 mm Figure 2 Cylindricity measuring principle 3.2.3 Circularity of the outside diameter d 1All deviations of the peripheral surface from circularity such as waviness, ovality and spherical-triangular form
27、s. (Reference: ISO 1101) Recording and evaluation of a macro-form diagram in the circumferential direction and at several planes (polar diagram). 3.2.4 Edge drop-off b, c Geometric form of the peripheral surface at the outside edges. Record and evaluate a macro-form diagram on both ends in the axial
28、 direction (profile lines), (see Figure 10, ISO 18669- 1:2004). 3.2.5 Inside diameter d 2 , d 4Diameter of the bore measured at any point. Measured with inside measuring devices. ISO 18669-2:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedCharacteristic Measuring principle 3.2.6 Concentricity of inside diamet
29、er ID relative to outside diameter OD Difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions of the wall thickness (a) as measured in a plane perpendicular to the peripheral surface. (Reference: ISO 1101) Method A: Measured with a thickness gauge (e.g. dial calliper or comparable gauges) (see Figure
30、3). Figure 3 Inside-diameter concentricity (Radial runout) Method B: Measured with a calliper or probe-indicator by 360 rotation in a V-block (see Figure 4). Figure 4 Wall-thickness measuring principle 3.2.7 Length l 1Maximum dimension measured between two planes perpendicular to the peripheral surf
31、ace. Method A: Measured between two planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the outside surface (see Figure 5). Figure 5 Length measuring principle Other methods: All methods, which are able to guarantee the required measurement uncertainty and take account of runout. ISO 18669-2:2004(E)
32、ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5Characteristic Measuring principle 3.2.8 Gauge length l 5Dimension between the gauge points measured perpendicular to the peripheral surface. The pin is put between two ring gauges perpendicular to the outside surface, with inside diameters d 5 . The sharp edges of thes
33、e gauges measure from contact point to contact point. This “assembly” of pin and two rings is put in a height gauge and measured. A known standard is used to set the gauge at “0” (see Figure 6) Figure 6 Gauge-length measuring principle NOTE Other lengths: all methods which are able to measure the ch
34、aracteristics according to specification. 3.2.9 Runout s of the end faces Axial distance between two circles located concentrically to the axis of the piston pin, between which all points of the end face of the piston pin must lie during rotation around the axis. Supporting surface: V-block with lon
35、gitudinal stop at least as large as the outside diameter d 1 . Measurement by 360 rotation in the V-block. Measured value = axial eccentricity or runout (see Figure 7). f / r: see Figure 11, ISO 18669-1:2004. Figure 7 Runout measuring principle 3.2.10 Outside-edge profile Transition from the periphe
36、ral surface to the end face of piston pin. Measuring of the transition using contour-measuring method, or other appropriate methods (see Figure 11, ISO 18669-1:2004). 3.2.11 Inside chamfer t Transition from the inside cylindrical surface to the end face. Measurement using calliper, measuring lenses
37、or contour- measuring equipment (see Figure 12, ISO 18669-1:2004). 3.2.12 Tapered bore diameter d 3Diameter of the taper at the end face. Measured by using e.g. calliper or contour-measuring equipment (see Figure 13, ISO 18669-1:2004). ISO 18669-2:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rights reservedCharacteristic
38、 Measuring principle 3.2.13 Tapered bore angle Angle of inclination measured from the peripheral surface. Measured by using contour-measuring equipment (see Figure 13, ISO 18669-1:2004). 3.2.14 Runout tapered bore Concentricity of the tapered bore to the outside diameter. Measured with an internal c
39、alliper by 360 rotation in a V-block. Measuring point shall be located 1 mm max. from the end face (see Figure 8). Figure 8 Runout tapered bore measuring 3.2.15 Roughness Ra: Value in accordance with ISO 4287. Measurement with electrical stylus instruments, in accordance with ISO 4287. Rz: Definitio
40、n according to ISO 4287. Limit wave length: 0,8 mm Measuring distance: 4,0 mm Stylus tip radius: 2 to 7 m Rt: Maximum peak-to-valley height in accordance with ISO 4287 Measurement of tool marks and scratches on the outer and inner cylindrical surface is accomplished by tracing with a micro-stylus sy
41、stem in a longitudinal or circumferential direction depending on the defect type. Measurement is carried out in the visually worst zone. Evaluation and comparability in accordance with ISO 4288. 3.2.16 Carburised and nitrided case depth Thickness of the surface layer with a hardness value which is g
42、reater than the limit hardness H s , measured perpendicular to the piston pin peripheral surface or bore surface on the finish-machined piston pin. Determination of the depth at which the limit hardness H s exists, measured in HV 1 or HV 0,3 according to ISO 2639. Limit hardness H sof carburised cas
43、e hardened piston pins: 1. non-limited volume change H s= 550 HV 0,3 with carburised case depth u 0,2 mm H s= 550 HV 1 with carburised case depth 0,2 mm 2. limited volume change H s= 500 HV 0,3 with carburised case depth u 0,2 mm H s= 500 HV 1 with carburised case depth 0,2 mm Limit hardness Hs of n
44、itrided piston pins: H s= 550 HV 0,3 with nitrided case depth u 0,2 mm H s= 550 HV 1 with nitrided case depth 0,2 mm ISO 18669-2:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 7Characteristic Measuring principle 3.2.17 Core hardness Hardness in the core zone that is not affected by the case-hardened or nitrid
45、ed layer. Method A: reference method Testing with Vickers HV 30 in accordance with ISO 6507. Method B: Testing with Brinell HB 2,5/187,5 in accordance with ISO 6506. Method C: Testing with Rockwell C in accordance with ISO 6508. Measure in the centre of the core zone that is not affected by the case
46、-hardened or nitrided layer. The core zone, when sampled, must not be cold-hardened or heated, and must be located at least 1/3 l 1from the end face. The average of 3 measurements is taken as the determining value. No individual value may deviate more than 10 % from the average value. 3.2.18 Periphe
47、ral surface hardness Hardness measured on the peripheral surface of the carburised or nitrided layer. Method A: Reference method Case-hardened and nitrided piston pins: Testing with Vickers HV 10 in accordance with ISO 6507. Method B: Case-hardened piston pins: Testing with Rockwell C, A or N in acc
48、ordance with ISO 6508. NOTE In order to attain a precise measurement result, testing should be done with the highest possible load, but with consideration to the danger of pressing through the case-hardened layer. 3.2.19 Volume change A change in volume detected as a permanent outside-diameter dimen
49、sional deviation at reference temperature after being heated to a test temperature for a specified period of time. At reference temperature measure the outside diameter d 1 at a minimum of 2 locations. Permanently mark the locations for later measurement. The measuring gauges used shall comply with the requirements described in 3.2.1. Test conditions shall comply with the following: Uniform heating at the test temperature. 4 h holding time at the test temperatu
