1、 ISO 2014 Plastics Determination of yellowness index and change in yellowness index Plastiques Dtermination de lindice de jaunissement et du changement de lindice de jaunissement INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17223 First edition 2014-05-01 Reference number ISO 17223:2014(E) ISO 17223:2014(E)ii ISO 2014
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4、in Switzerland ISO 17223:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens 2 4.1 Sample and preparation of test specimen . 2 4.2 Environment of measurement
5、and standard condition 2 5 Procedure. 2 5.1 General . 2 5.2 Transmission measurement method for sheet, film, moulded plaque, or disc specimens . 2 5.3 Reflection measurement method for sheet or film specimens 3 5.4 Reflection measurement method for pellet or powder specimens . 3 5.5 Measurement requ
6、irements 4 6 Expression of results 5 6.1 Calculation procedure of yellowness index 5 6.2 Calculation procedure of change of yellowness index 6 6.3 Precision . 6 7 Test report . 9 ISO 17223:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
7、 standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationa
8、l organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended f
9、or its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.o
10、rg/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will b
11、e in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressio
12、ns related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
13、 chemical properties.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 17223:2014(E) Plastics Determination of yellowness index and change in yellowness index 1 Scope This International Standard specifies an instrumental method for determining the yellowness index and change in yellowness
14、index on clear, translucent, or opaque plastics. NOTE 1 Specimen shapes can include moulded plaques or discs, films, sheets, powders, and pellets. Plaque, disc, film, and sheet specimens can have smooth, matt, or patterned surfaces. Fluorescent plastics are not permitted. NOTE 2 Change in yellowness
15、 index is often used to evaluate the effect of environment, e.g. heat, UV exposure, etc., on colour stability. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
16、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 1043-1, Plastics Symbols and abbreviated terms Part 1: Basic polymers and their special characteristi
17、cs ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ASTM E313, Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measu
18、red Color Coordinates CIE 15, Colorimetry 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 yellowness index YI deviation in chroma from colourless or whiteness toward yellow 3.2 change of yellowness index YI difference between yellowness in
19、dex of specimen before additional test and yellowness index of specimen after additional test Note 1 to entry: For example, before and after exposure to specified conditions. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 17223:2014(E) 4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens 4.1 Sample and
20、preparation of test specimen Samples shall be gathered by a statistical method from the batch to be evaluated. In all cases, the sample shall be used as received unless the purpose is to evaluate pellets or powders converted into a final shape, i.e. moulded plaques or discs, films, or sheets. 4.2 En
21、vironment of measurement and standard condition The standard condition of the environment of measurement shall be set as 23 C/50 % RH condition as described in ISO 291. 5 Procedure 5.1 General Colourimetry is derived from calculating tristimulus values by spectral or tristimulus measurements. In the
22、 case of the specimen with the diffusibility of the light, the measuring apparatus shall have an integrating sphere or other system that can detect diffusion light. Optical geometries, requirements, and solution for different measurement methods are given in Table 1. Table 1 Optical geometries, requ
23、irements, and solution for different measurement methods Measurement method using integrating sphere Optical geometries in accordance with CIE 15 Requirements Solution Transmission measurements di:0, de:0 A part of the incident light on the integrating sphere shall not irradi- ate a specimen directl
24、y. Arrange a baffle plate that is the same quality as the integrating sphere. Reflection measurement di:8, de:8 Transmission measurements 0:di, 0:de A part of a reflected or transmitted light from a specimen shall not be introduced into a detector directly. Reflection measurement 8:di, 8:de Measurem
25、ent method with- out integrating sphere Optical geometries in accordance with CIE 15 Transmission measurements 0:0 These optical geometries dont use an integrating sphere. Reflection measurement 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0, 0:45a NOTE 1 In the case of measuring a diffusing specimen, satisfying the above-men
26、tioned condition is important. NOTE 2 In the case of measuring a translucent specimen, the colour or thickness of the specimen might make an influence. NOTE 3 Optical geometries are described in CIE 15. Tristimulus values are represented in the XYZ colour system (2 visual field) or the X 10 Y 10 Z 1
27、0colour system (10 visual field) using CIE standard illuminant D65 or supporting illuminant C. One of the following three measurement methods specified in 5.2 to 5.4 shall be used. 5.2 T r ansmission mea sur ement method for sh eet , film, moulded plaque , or disc speci- mens Adjust the centre of th
28、e specimen and the centre of the opening for measurement, and measure the tristimulus value (see Figure 1).2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 17223:2014(E) 1 2 Key 1 incident light 2 specimen F i g u r e 1 T r a n s m i s s i o n m e a s u r e m e n t m e t h o d f o r s h e e t o r f i l m s p e c
29、i m e n s 5.3 R eflection measur ement method for sheet or film specimens Adjust the centre of the specimen and the centre of the opening for measurement. Cover the specimen with a light trap and measure the tristimulus values (see Figure 2). 1 2 3 4 Key 1 light trap 2 specimen 3 incident light 4 me
30、asured surface F i g u r e 2 R e f l e c t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t m e t h o d f o r s h e e t o r f i l m s p e c i m e n In the case of using a backing plate on the back side of the specimen, the kind of the backing plate and its tristimulus values shall be reported. 5.4 R eflection measur eme
31、nt method for pelle t or po w der specimens Pour the specimen into the cylinder-shaped container made of clear glass or quartz glass and measure the tristimulus values using the reflection method. The specimen container shall be covered with a light trap. The opening of the specimen container shall
32、not be covered with a backing plate (see Figure 3). ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 17223:2014(E) Dimensions in millimetres 1 2 3 4 5 2 50 60 Key 1 light trap 2 specimen 3 incident light 4 measured surface 5 specimen container F i g u r e 3 E x a m p l e o f r e f l e c t i o n m e a s u r e m e
33、n t m e t h o d f o r p e l l e t o r p o w d e r s p e c i m e n NOTE 1 When pouring the pellet or powder specimen into the specimen container, shake or lightly tap the specimen container and remove surplus specimen using a smooth device such as a spatula. NOTE 2 A preliminary examination of pellet
34、 specimen was achieved, but precision was not mentioned in the method of colourimetry and geometry described in CIE 15. It is supposed that the surface of specimen does not have high uniformity, depending on the shape and size of the pellet. It means it is difficult to compare measurements mutually.
35、 It is necessary to treat it for a relative value. No pressure from the opening of the container shall be added. For calibration of the instrument, one of the following methods shall be used. a) The working standard is put into the specimen container. b) The working standard is put on the glass that
36、 has the same quality and thickness as the specimen container. 5.5 Measurement requirements 5.5.1 Sheet , film, moulde d plaque , or disc specime n a) Clear specimenClear specimens shall be measured using 0:0, di:0, de:0, 0:di, or 0:de geometry for transmission. Patterned or matt specimens shall be
37、measured using di:0, de:0, 0:di, or 0:de geometry for transmission. b) Translucent white specimen4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 17223:2014(E)Translucent white specimens shall be measured using di:8, de:8, 8:di, 8:de, 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0, or 0:45x geometry for reflection, or using di:0, de:0, 0:d
38、i, or 0:de geometry for transmission. NOTE 1 The measured value of a translucent white specimen has relatively low reproducibility. NOTE 2 In the case of the method with integrating sphere, tristimulus values go down unless the specimen is adhered to an integrating sphere, and yellowness index chang
39、es. NOTE 3 Optical geometries are described in CIE 15. c) Opaque specimen Opaque sheet or film specimens shall be measured using di:8, de:8, 8:di, 8:de, 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0, or 0:45x geometry for reflection. 5.5.2 Pellet or powder specimen Pellet or powder specimens shall be measured using di:8, de:
40、8, 8:di, 8:de, 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0, or 0:45x geometry for reflection. 6 Expression of results 6.1 Calculation procedure of yellowness index The yellowness index is derived by Formulae (1) to (4) in accordance with ASTM E313. Illuminant Colour system CIE standard illuminant D65 XYZ YI = 100(1,298 5X
41、1,133 5Z)/Y (1) CIE standard illuminant D65 X 10 Y 10 Z 10 YI = 100(1,301 3X 10 1,149 8Z 10 )/Y 10 (2) supporting illuminant C XYZ YI = 100(1,276 9X 1,059 2Z)/Y (3) supporting illuminant C X 10 Y 10 Z 10 YI = 100(1,287 1X 10 1,078 1Z 10 )/Y 10 (4) where YI is the yellowness index; X, Y, Z are the tr
42、istimulus values in the XYZ colour system using CIE standard illuminant D65 or supporting illuminant C; X 10,Y 10,Z 10 are the tristimulus values in the X 10 Y 10 Z 10colour system using CIE standard illumi- nant D65 or supporting illuminant C. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5 ISO 17223:2014(E) 6.2 Ca
43、lculation procedure of change of yellowness index The change of yellowness index is derived by Formula (5). YI = YI YI 0(5) where YI is the change of yellowness index; YI is the yellowness index after test; YI 0 is the yellowness index before test. NOTE In case YI is a positive value, it means yello
44、wness increased. 6.3 Precision 6.3.1 Pr ecision of film an d sheet specimen An interlaboratory trial was achieved in Japan. Results of repeatability s rand reproducibility s Rin the joint experiment based on ISO 5725-2 are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. In the case of calculating precision, the Cochr
45、an method and the Grubbs method based on ISO 5725-2 are used, and the outlier value is excluded. Transmission measurements are achieved in four laboratories, 11 materials. Reflection measurements are achieved in five laboratories, five materials. An international interlaboratory trial can or should
46、replace the result.6 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 17223:2014(E)Table 2 Precision in transmission measurement using sheet specimens No. Material a Colour Diffuser Surface Thickness mm Incident surface YI (overall average) m Repeatability s r Reproducibility s R Precision comparison bs R /s r 1 PM
47、MA Clear None Flat/Flat 3 0,45 0,02 0,09 6 2 PVC Clear None Flat/Flat 2 3,03 0,05 0,16 3 3 PC Clear None Flat/Flat 5 0,29 0,02 0,22 10 4 PMMA Translucent white Include Flat/Flat 3 4,58 0,03 2,07 64 5 PMMA Translucent white Include Flat/Flat 2 7, 22 0,06 1,58 26 6 PMMA Translucent white Include Flat/
48、Flat 3 7,91 0,05 1,69 37 7 PMMA Translucent white Include Flat/Flat 5 11,06 0,20 1,89 10 8 PMMA Clear None Matt/Flat 3 Matt surface 0,33 0,02 0,21 11 9 PMMA Clear None Matt/Matt 3 0,03 0,02 0,26 17 10 PS Clear None Matt/ Pattern 3 Patterned surface 0,39 0,26 0,79 3 11 PMMA Translucent white Include
49、Matt/Flat 3 Matt surface 3,70 0,05 1,94 37 NOTE 1 From this result, repeatability values are below 0,2, except specimen No. 10. This implies a good level of repeatability. In the case of a specimen that has a patterned surface, the measured light intensity is dependent on the positioning of the specimen. NOTE 2 The reproducibility is considered poor, in the 0,1 to 2,1 ranges, and independent of the overall average. This implies it is hard to use this measurement when good reproducibility is required. It is c
