1、 ISO 2012 Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment Part 3: Mechanical loads Vhicules routiers Spcifications denvironnement et essais de lquipement lectrique et lectronique Partie 3: Contraintes mcaniques INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16750-3 Third editi
2、on 2012-12-15 Reference number ISO 16750-3:2012(E) ISO 16750-3:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical
3、, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org
4、Published in Switzerland ISO 16750-3:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Tests and requirements 1 4.1 Vibration . 1 4.2 Mechanical shock .27 4.3 Free fall .29 4.4 Surface strength/scratch and abrasion
5、resistance .29 4.5 Gravel bombardment 29 5 Code letters for mechanical loads .29 6 Documentation 30 Annex A (informative) Guideline for the de v elopment of t est pr ofiles for vibr ation t ests .32 Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending on the mounting loc
6、ation 44 Bibliogr aph y .46 ISO 16750-3:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m
7、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
8、Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards a
9、dopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
10、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16750-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicle, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronical equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 16750-3:20
11、07), which has been technically revised. ISO 16750 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment: Part 1: General Part 2: Electrical loads Part 3: Mechanical loads Part 4: Climatic loads Part 5: Che
12、mical loadsiv ISO 2012 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 16750-3:2012(E) Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment Part 3: Mechanical loads 1 Scope This part of ISO 16750 applies to electric and electronic systems/components for road veh
13、icles. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This part of ISO 16750 describes mechanical loads. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appli
14、cation of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16750-1, Road vehicles Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment Part 1: Gen
15、eral IEC 60068-2, 6, Environmental testing Part 2-6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal) IEC 60068-2, 14, Basic environmental testing procedures Par t 2-14: Te s t s Te s t Nb: Change of t emperat ure IEC 60068-2, 64, Environmental testing Part 2-64: Test methods Test Fh Vibration, broad-band r
16、andom (digital control) and guidance IEC 60068-2, 80, Environmental testing Part 2-80: Tests Test Fi: Vibration Mixed mode testing IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing procedures Part 2: Tests; Test Ec: Free fall, Clause 5.2 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms an
17、d definitions given in ISO 16750-1 apply. 4 Tests and requirements 4.1 V ibr ation 4.1.1 General The vibration test methods specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on- board electrical and electronic equipment. It is recommended that the vehicle manufacturer and suppl
18、ier choose the test method, the environmental temperature and vibration parameters depending on the specific mounting location. Following the expressions in MIL-STD please notice: ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 16750-3:2012(E) When applied properly, the environmental management and engineering p
19、rocesses described in this part of ISO 16750 can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness and overall durability. However, it is important to recognize that there are limitations inherent in laboratory testing that make it imperative to use proper caution and eng
20、ineering judgement when extrapolating these laboratory results to results that may be obtained under actual service conditions. In many cases, real- world environmental stresses (singularly or in combination) cannot be duplicated practically or reliably in test laboratories. Therefore, users of this
21、 part of ISO 16750 should not assume that a system or component that passes laboratory tests of this part of ISO 16750 would also pass field/fleet verification trials. “The specified values are the best estimation one can get up to the moment when results from measurements in the car are received bu
22、t they do not replace a car measurement!” The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Using a bracket for mounting can result in higher or lower loads. If the device under test (DUT) is used in the vehicle with a bracket then all vibration and mechanical shock test s
23、hall be done with this bracket. Carry out the vibration with the DUT suitably mounted on a vibration table. The mounting method(s) used shall be noted in the test report. Carry out the frequency variation by logarithmic sweeping of 0,5 octave/minute for sinusoidal tests and the sinusoidal part of si
24、ne on random tests. The scope of the recommended vibration tests is to avoid malfunctions and breakage mainly due to fatigue in the field. Testing for wear has special requirements and is not covered in this part of ISO 16750. Loads outside of the designated test frequency ranges are to be considere
25、d separately. NOTE Deviations from the load on the DUT can result, should vibration testing be carried out according to this part of ISO 16750 on a heavy and bulky DUT, as mounting rigidity and dynamic reaction on the vibrator table excitation are different compared to the situation in the vehicle.
26、This deviation can be minimized by applying the average control method (see Annex A). Application of the weighted average control method according to IEC 60068-2, 64 is to be agreed upon. Subject the DUT during the vibration test to the temperature cycle according to IEC 60068-2, 14, with electric o
27、peration according to diagram 1. Alternatively, a test at constant temperature may be agreed on. Operate the DUT electrically as indicated in Figure 1 at T min(shor t f u nc t ion a l t e s t a f t er t he DU T c omple t ely reached T min) . This functional test shall be as short as possible only lo
28、ng enough to check the proper performance of the DUT. This minimizes self-heating of the DUT. Additional electrical operation of the DUT between 210 min and 410 min of the cycle (see Figure 1). Additional drying of test chamber air is not permitted. In the vehicle, vibration stress can occur togethe
29、r with extremely low or high temperatures; for this reason, this interaction between mechanical and temperature stress is simulated in the test, too. A failure mechanism is, for example, a plastic part of a system/component, which mellows due to the high temperature and cannot withstand the accelera
30、tion under this condition.2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16750-3:2012(E) Key Y temperature C X time min aOperating mode 3.2 according to ISO 16750-1. bOperating mode 2.1 according to ISO 16750-1. cOne cycle. Fig u r e 1 T e mp er at u r e pr o f i le f or t he v ibr at ion t es t T able 1 T e mp
31、 er at u r e ve r s u s t i me f or t he v ibr at ion t es t Time min Temperature C 0 20 60 -40 150 -40 210 20 300 T max a 410 T max a 480 20 aSee ISO 16750-4. 4.1.2 Tests 4.1.2.1 Test I Passenger car, engine 4.1.2.1.1 Purpose This test checks the DUT for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibratio
32、n. The vibrations of a piston engine can be split up into two kinds: Sinusoidal vibration which results from the unbalanced mass forces in the cylinders and random noise due to all other vibration-schemes of an engine, ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 16750-3:2012(E) e.g. c l o sin g o f val v es.
33、 I n th e l o w e st freq u e n cy ran g e fro m 1 0 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-road conditions is taken into account. The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigue. NOTE 1 Road profile usually has negligible impact on engine-mounted components. Shock inputs are
34、effectively isolated by suspension, and engine-mounting systems. T h e t e s t p r o f i l e s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g c l a u s e s a p p l y t o l o a d s g e n e r a t e d b y ( f o u r s t r o k e ) reciprocating engines. NOTE 2 If the DUT is to be tested for a specific res
35、onance effect, then a resonance dwell test according to 8.3.2 of IEC 60068-2, 6:2007 can also be applied. 4.1.2.1.2 Test 4.1.2.1.2.1 General It is required to perform this test as a mixed mode vibration test according to IEC 60068-2, 80. NOTE The test duration is based on A.4. The temperature in the
36、 chamber is above room temperature (RT) at the end of the test (2 3/4 temperature cycles). 4.1.2.1.2.2 Sinusoidal vib r ation Perform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 6, but using a sweep rate of 0,5 octave/minute. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUT. Use curve 1 in Table 2/Figur
37、e 2 for DUT intended for mounting on engines with 5 cylinders or fewer. Use curve 2 in Table 2/Figure 2 for DUT test intended for mounting on engines with 6 cylinders or more. Both curves may be combined to cover all engine types in one test. Key Y amplitude of acceleration m/s 2 X frequency Hz curv
38、e 1 (5 cylinders) curve 2 (5 cylinders) Fig u r e 2 V ibr at ion s e ve r i t y c u r ve s4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16750-3:2012(E) T able 2 Va l u e s f or ma x . ac c e le r at ion ve r s u s f r e quenc y Curve 1 (see Figure 2) F r e q ue n c y Hz Amplitude of acceleration m/s 2 100 100
39、200 200 240 200 270 100 440 100 Curve 2 (see Figure 2) F r e q ue n c y Hz Amplitude of acceleration m/s 2 100 100 150 150 440 150 C o mbi n at i o n F r e q ue n c y Hz Amplitude of acceleration m/s 2 100 100 150 150 200 200 240 200 255 150 440 150 4.1.2.1.2.3 Random vibr ation Perform the test acc
40、ording to IEC 60068-2, 64. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUT. The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 181 m/s 2 . The PSD versus frequency are referred to in Figure 3 and Table 3 NOTE The Power Spectral Density (PSD) values (random vibration) are reduced in the frequency range of
41、the sinusoidal vibration test. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5 ISO 16750-3:2012(E) Key Y PSD (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz X frequency Hz Fig u r e 3 PSD of ac c e le r at ion ve r s u s f r e quenc y T able 3 Va l u e s f or f r e quenc y a nd PSD F r e q ue n c y Hz PSD (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz 10 10 100 10 300 0,51 500 20
42、 2 000 20 4.1.2.1.3 Requirement Breakage shall not occur. Functional status A (see ISO 16750-1) is required during operating mode 3.2 as defined in ISO 16750-1, and functional status C during periods with other operating modes. 4.1.2.2 T est II P asseng er car , gear bo x 4.1.2.2.1 Purpose This test
43、 checks the DUT for malfunctions and breakage caused by vibration. The vibrations of a gearbox can be split up into two kinds which result partly from sinusoidal vibration from unbalanced mass forces of the engine (e.g. dominating orders) in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 440 Hz and vibration fr
44、om the friction of the gear wheels and other schemes, which are tested in the random part. In the lowest frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz the influence of rough-road conditions is taken into account. The main failure to be identified by this test is breakage due to fatigue. The test profiles spe
45、cified in the following subclauses apply to loads generated by gearbox vibrations. Changing the gears can create additional mechanical shock and shall be considered separately.6 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16750-3:2012(E) 4.1.2.2.2 Test 4.1.2.2.2.1 General It is required to perform this test as
46、 a mixed mode vibration test according to IEC 60068-2, 80. NOTE The test duration is based on A.4. The temperature in the chamber is above RT at the end of the test (2 3/4 temperature cycles). 4.1.2.2.2.2 Sinusoidal vib r ation Perform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 6, but using a sweep rate of
47、0,5 octave/minute. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUT. The amplitude versus frequency are referred to in Figure 4 and Table 4. Key Y amplitude of acceleration m/s 2 X frequency Hz Fig u r e 4 Ac c e le r at ion ve r s u s f r e quenc y T able 4 Va l u e s f or f r e quenc y a nd a
48、c c e le r at ion F r e q ue n c y Hz PSD m/s 2 100 30 200 60 440 60 4.1.2.2.2.3 Random vibr ation Perform the test according to IEC 60068-2, 64. Use a test duration of 22 h for each plane of the DUT. The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 96,6 m/s 2 . NOTE The PSD values (random vibration) are redu
49、ced in the frequency range of the sinusoidal vibration test. The PSD versus frequency are referred to in Figure 5 and Table 5. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 7 ISO 16750-3:2012(E) Key Y PSD (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz X frequency Hz Fig u r e 5 PSD of ac c e le r at ion ve r s u s f r e quenc y T able 5 Va l u e s f or f r e quenc y a nd PSD F r e q ue n c y Hz PSD (m/s 2 ) 2 /Hz 10 10 100 10 300 0,51 500 5 2 000 5 4.1.2.2.3 Requirement Breakage shal
