1、 ISO 2014 Plastics Thermoplastic polyurethanes for moulding and extrusion Part 2: Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties Plastiques Polyurthannes thermoplastiques pour moulage et extrusion Partie 2: Prparation des prouvettes et dtermination des proprits INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
2、ISO 16365-2 First edition 2014-05-01 Reference number ISO 16365-2:2014(E) ISO 16365-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by an
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4、eneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 16365-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Preparation of test specimens 2 3.1 Treatment of
5、 the material before moulding 2 3.2 Injection moulding . 3 4 Conditioning of test specimens . 4 5 Determination of properties 4 5.1 General . 4 5.2 Biological resistance. 4 5.3 TPU properties and test conditions 5 Annex A (informative) Material identification 10 ISO 16365-2:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the
6、 International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committe
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8、cal standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted i
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12、tee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic materials. ISO 16365 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Thermoplastic polyurethanes for moulding and extrusion: Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications Part 2: Pr
13、eparation of test specimens and determination of properties Part 3: Distinction between ether and ester polyurethanes by determination of the ester group contentiv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 16365-2:2014(E) Introduction Thermoplastic elastomer materials are classified into groups by the primar
14、y elastomeric property Hardness and with this as result of some relation with modulus, as shown in Figure 1. The classification on basis of hardness considers the special position of TPEs between the rubber materials on the one side and the plastic materials on the other. Each class is subdivided in
15、 standard properties and special properties. The standard properties for a class are not only connected with the adjacent group(s) by many of the specified properties but also by special properties specified in the adjacent class(es). A standard property in a class can be a special property in an ad
16、jacent class and vice versa. Special properties are those properties which are in wide use or of particular significance in the practical characterization of a specific material. For each type of thermoplastic elastomer, refer to the relevant material standard. Rubber Classification of TPEs Plastic
17、Class 1 D 25 Class 2 25 D 65 Class3 D65 Standard properties Standard properties Standard properties Specialized properties Specialized properties Specialized properties Figure 1 Structure of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) material standards ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Plastics Thermoplastic polyur
18、ethanes for moulding and extrusion Part 2: Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties 1 Scope This part of ISO 16365 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the standard test methods to be used in determining the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane moulding
19、 and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are also given. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens in a specified state and procedures for measuring properties
20、of the materials from which these specimens are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize thermoplastic polyester/polyurethane and polyether/polyurethane (TPU) moulding and extrusion materials, are listed. The properties have been selected from the general t
21、est methods in ISO 10350. Other test methods in wide use or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 16365, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 16365-1. In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is
22、 necessary to use the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions, and the test procedures specified in this part of ISO 16365. Values determined are not necessarily identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures. NOTE
23、This part of ISO 16365 has been developed on the basis of ISO 10350-1 as at the time of publication a standard on acquisition and presentation of comparable single point data for thermoplastic elastomers does not exist yet. After acceptance and publication of this part of ISO 16365, it is the intens
24、ion to develop ISO 10350-3, based on the two International Standards mentioned before, as starting point for the development of thermoplastic elastomer material standards. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispe
25、nsable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 34-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tear strength Part 1: Trouser, angle and crescent
26、 test pieces ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties ISO 179-1, Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test ISO 179-2, Plastics Determination of Charpy impact properties Part 2: Instrumented impact test
27、 ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 294-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 16365-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights res
28、erved 1 ISO 16365-2:2014(E) ISO 294-3, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 3: Small plates ISO 294-4, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 4: Determination of moulding shrinkage ISO 472, Plastics Vocabulary ISO 527-1;
29、 PlasticsDetermination of tensile propertiesPart 1: General principles ISO 527-2, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics ISO 815, (all parts), Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of compression set ISO 846, Plastics Eval
30、uation of the action of microorganisms ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) ISO 1133-2, Plastics Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume-flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics Part 2: Method for materials sensi
31、tive to time-temperature history and/or moisture ISO 1183 (all parts), Plastics-Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device ISO 15512, Pla
32、stics Determination of water content ISO 16365-1, Plastics Thermoplastic polyurethanes for moulding and extrusion Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications ISO 10350-1, Plastics Acquisition and presentation of comparable single-point data Part 1: Moulding materials IEC 60093, M e t h o
33、 d s o f t e s t f o r v o l u m e r e s i s t i v i t y a n d s u r f a c e r e s i s t i v i t y o f s o l i d e l e c t r i c a l i n s u l a t i o n m a t e r i a l s IEC 60112, Method for determining of the proof and the comparative and the proof tracking indices of solid insulation materials u
34、nder moist conditions IEC 60243-1, Electric strength of insulating materials-Test methods-Part 1:Tests at power frequencies IEC 60250, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequenc
35、ies including metre wavelengths IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing Part 11-10 Flammability11-10: Test flames 50 W horizontal and vertical flame 3 Preparation of test specimens 3.1 Treatment of the material before moulding The granules/moulding compound shall have reached room temperature and the m
36、oisture content shall not exceed 0,02 % (m/m). For drying a dehumidified air dryer is recommended, but an oven with circulating air can also be used provided that the drying temperature is increased by 20 C. For a dehumidified air dryer 3 h at 100 C might be sufficient, but for several products long
37、er times up to 1 day and a temperature of 110 C can be used for drying without checking the water content for each sample, if proven to give a moisture content 0,02 % (m/m). If colour master batches, pigments, or other additives are added, it 2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 16365-2:2014(E) is rec
38、ommended to prepare a premix with the granules before drying. If the material tends to become sticky it might be necessary to choose a lower temperature in order to be able to handle the material. The water content can be measured after evaporation (see ISO 62 and ISO 10101) or extraction (see ASTM
39、E1064 and ISO 12937), of the water from the sample using solvents like water-free alcohols and subsequent water determination e.g. by Karl Fisher titration, ISO 15512 or any other suitable method to determine moisture content in the range of 0,02 % (m/m) accurately. The moisture content of filled or
40、 reinforced materials shall be expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the compound. To ensure that the moisture content remains low, it is recommended that the sample material in the feed hopper of the injection-moulding machine be blanketed with a suitable gas (dried air, nitrogen, or argon
41、, for example). Better results can be obtained using a dehumidifier hopper drier. Drying for the preparation of test specimen is recommended if the container has been opened several times after delivery of dry product or drying. Excessive moisture content in the granule can lead to degradation durin
42、g preparation of test specimen and thus to wrong results. Foaming and formation of gas bubbles are indications that the moisture content is excessively high. Thermoplastic polyurethanes absorb moisture from air. Storage of granules in dry conditions is therefore recommended before processing. In ord
43、er to prevent condensation on the granule if storing at low temperatures, material should be brought to room temperature before opening the container. Containers should be tightly closed after use. The granules should be exposed to the surrounding air only as long as absolutely essential. 3.2 Inject
44、ion moulding Injection-moulded specimens shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 294-1, using the conditions specified in Table 1. The specimens shall be prepared by injection moulding from dry granules. Test specimen can be cut out from the sample plates using cutting blades. It is essential that
45、specimens are always prepared by the same procedure using the same processing conditions. The material shall be kept in moisture-proof containers until it is required for use. Table 1 Conditions for injection moulding of test specimens Material Shore D hardness Heating zone temperature C Nozzle temp
46、erature C Melt temperature C Soft: D 25 200220 210230 205225 Medium: 25 D 65 205225 215235 210230 Rigid: D 65 210230 220240 215235 Injection pressure: 10100 MPa Holding pressure: 10100 MPa Back pressure: 0,52 MPa The processing parameters and temperatures are chosen in a way to minimize differences
47、of mechanical properties in flow direction and crosswise. If the differences are higher than 5 % (mean value) the direction needs be indicated together with the test results. The flow behaviour of the melt is important for optimizing the processing parameters. The melt flow rate/melt volume rate, us
48、ing the specified temperature and load in Table 3 can be used for determination of differences in melt flow behaviour (see ISO 1133-2). Only MFR/MVR data measured under exactly the same conditions are comparable. Load and temperatures are chosen in a way to obtain a MVR in the range between 5 cm 3 /
49、10 min and 100 cm 3 /10 min, but preferably between 10 cm 3 /10 min and 40 cm 3 /10 min. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 16365-2:2014(E) 4 Conditioning of test specimens Moulded parts made of thermoplastic polyurethane require several weeks of storage at room temperature to attain full mechanical properties. To achieve optimal functional properties in a shorter period, annealing of the finished parts or test specimens is necessary. The re
