1、 Reference number ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1503 Second edition 2008-08-15 Spatial orientation and direction of movement Ergonomic requirements Orientation spatiale et sens du mouvement Exigences ergonomiquesISO 1503:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded
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6、r. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1
7、2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Design of spatial orientation and direction of movement .6 4.1 General6 4.2 Ergonomic design of user interface (UI) with respect to orientation and direction .6 4.3 Steps in direction design 6 4.4 Design requirements/recommendations for human-mac
8、hine interface (HMI) 7 4.5 Design recommendations for graphical user interfaces (GUI) .11 4.6 Design recommendations for combined control systems 17 5 Conformance18 5.1 Applying requirements and recommendations18 5.2 Evaluation of products18 Annex A (informative) Constituent factors of usability.19
9、Annex B (normative) Reference model for spatial orientation and direction of movement20 Annex C (informative) Flow of human-centred design activities .31 Annex D (informative) Spatial orientation and direction of movement design checklist 32 Bibliography 41 ISO 1503:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights re
10、servedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whi
11、ch a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all m
12、atters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are cir
13、culated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respon
14、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1503 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1503:1977), which has been technically revised. ISO 150
15、3:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction It is essential for the safety and usability of any system or product that the relationship between the direction of its controls intended by a user/operator and the resulting direction of movement of the target object be standardized. For exampl
16、e, if the operation of fire-fighting equipment is not standardized, then swift and appropriate operation in the event of a fire is difficult. If a one-hand lever is to be moved forward in Model A and backward in Model B for speed-up of a railway electric car, frequent human error and, eventually, ac
17、cidents are likely to be caused. If a computer does not respond in accordance with what is shown on its screen, then its usability and the efficiency of its user/operator will suffer. In construction work, effectiveness, efficiency and user/operator satisfaction will be diminished if the user/operat
18、ors intention to make a dynamic change of the target object is not well followed in the control of earth-moving machinery. One of the purposes of this International Standard is to contribute to the enhancement of safety by preventing human error during use as well as maintenance of a system and/or p
19、roduct. Another is to improve effectiveness, efficiency and user/operator satisfaction by making the change of state and/or the movements of a target object consistent with the user/operators intention. The first edition of ISO 1503 was constructed mainly in the framework of geometry regarding the d
20、efinition of three dimensional axes, geometrical orientation and the direction of control and display movements. This revised edition incorporates the ergonomic issues that affect direction design with the aim of making the standard more directly applicable in real-world situations. It deals with er
21、gonomics design principles and requirements for direction for products and work systems in a combined way both for conventional technical systems and newly developed information technology-related systems. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Spatial orientation and
22、 direction of movement Ergonomic requirements 1 Scope This International Standard sets out design principles, procedures, requirements and recommendations for the spatial orientation and direction of movement of controls and displays used in tool machines, industrial robots, office machines, earth-m
23、oving machinery, transportation (automobiles, railway electric cars/rolling stock, aircraft, ships, etc.), information, daily commodities, public utilities and the operational components of building facilities. It lays down basic requirements for determining the operating direction of controls and t
24、he moving directions or changing states of the target object, as well as other relations. This International Standard defines three dimensional axes, the observer, viewing systems, linear movement, rotary movement, two- dimensional and three-dimensional movements in a dynamic space sequentially, des
25、cribes the four principles for determining the operating direction of a control, the moving direction of a target object and/or display, provides GUI (graphical user interface) design requirements and recommendations that integrate the relationship between the computer operation and the movement of
26、images on-screen in line with human characteristics and to promote safety and efficiency in computer-assisted tasks, sets out design principles and recommendations for determining the moving directions of a target object and the controls of a combined control system using a multi-direction control t
27、hat easily realizes the complex operations intended by the user/operator as they are often seen in industrial apparatuses for business use, and gives principles and recommendations for the direction design of existing, as well as new, systems. NOTE Ergonomics requirements or recommendations given in
28、 this International Standard can also be applied to designing the direction of movement of other industrial goods, such as medical equipment, TV or PC game devices and relevant machines/devices. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this d
29、ocument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6385:2004, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 110: Di
30、alogue principles ISO 9355-2:1999, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays ISO 1503:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 9355-4, Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays
31、and control actuators 1)ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 axis one of three assumed infinite mutually perpendicular straight lines through the centre point o
32、f the target object NOTE The infinite straight lines run from behind to front, from left to right, and from top to bottom, corresponding to the longitudinal axis, X, transverse axis, Y and normal axis, Z, respectively (based on the Cartesian system of coordinates). 3.2 centre point assumed reference
33、 point for the spatial orientation and determination of movements of a target object NOTE The centre point is the primary standard provided by the intersecting point of three axes or three reference planes. This point corresponds to the viewpoint of the observer (3.10) in the internal viewing system
34、 (3.20.2), and can be located anywhere on the target object according to the purpose of observation in the external viewing system (3.20.1). The centre point need not coincide with the gravitational centre of the target object. 3.3 mono-direction control single-direction control one or a set of cont
35、rols that control the movements of a target object only on one axis at a time 3.4 multi-direction control control unit that alone can control a target object in two or more moving directions along X, Y and Z axes and in the planes composed of these axes or in the space composed of three planes 3.5 c
36、ombined control system control system in which two or more multi-direction controls (3.4) are applied NOTE This system is seen typically in modern earth-moving machinery. 3.6 direction position of a point in space relative to another point, independent of the distance between the two points 1) To be
37、 published. ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3 3.7 human-centred design user-centred design design approach that is characterized by the active involvement of users, a clear understanding of user and task requirements, an appropriate allocation of function between users and technology,
38、iterations of design solutions, and multi-disciplinary design NOTE 1 See ISO 13407:1999, 5.1, for its principles. NOTE 2 Usability engineering is often used as a substitute for human-centred design. But, applying usability engineering methods does not necessarily prescribe the active user involvemen
39、t that is the essence of human-centred design. In addition, usability engineering often over-emphasizes the role of evaluation methods. Human-centred design, on the other hand, refers to the process of analyzing context of use, eliciting user requirements, producing design solutions and evaluating t
40、he design against the requirements all in an iterative fashion. 3.8 clockwise, adv, adj right-hand rotation direction of a rotary movement of a target object to the right when viewed in direction X 3.9 anticlockwise GB, adv, adj counter-clockwise US, adv, adj left-hand rotation direction opposite to
41、 clockwise (3.8) (right-hand) rotation 3.10 observer real or hypothetical person who views a target object from outside or inside of it when determining the direction or movement of a target object (3.14) 3.11 user individual interacting with the system ISO 13407 3.12 operator person given the task
42、of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting machinery or a system NOTE Within the context of this International Standard, the tasks performed concern the control of equipment or devices. 3.13 reference plane one of three perpendicular planes passing through
43、the centre point of a target object (3.15) which, in each case, contains two axes of the target object NOTE The planes that contain longitudinal axis X and transverse axis Y, longitudinal axis X and normal axis Z, and transverse axis Y and normal axis Z are called the basic plane, Pxy, longitudinal
44、plane, Pxz, and transverse plane, Pyz, respectively. 3.14 spatial orientation direction-related inherent property of a target object (3.15) NOTE Spatial orientation of a target object is characterized by pairs such as front-behind, right-left or up-down. ISO 1503:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserv
45、ed3.15 target object object (including images) whose spatial orientation (3.14) or movements are to be defined, established or controlled 3.16 usability extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified
46、context of use ISO 9241-11 NOTE 1 See Annex A. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, user (3.11) is interchangeable with operator (3.12) for those activities that involve movement of controls or target objects. 3.16.1 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which users achieve
47、 specified goals ISO 9241-11 NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, user (3.11) is interchangeable with operator (3.12) for those activities that involve movement of controls or target objects. EXAMPLE The percentage of attained goals. 3.16.2 efficiency resources expended in relation
48、to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals ISO 9241-11 NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, user (3.11) is interchangeable with operator (3.12) for those activities that involve movement of controls or target objects. EXAMPLE The time needed to complete a task.
49、3.16.3 satisfaction freedom from discomfort and positive attitudes towards the use of the product ISO 9241-11 EXAMPLE The frequency of willingness to use. 3.16.4 context of use users (3.11) or operators (3.12), tasks, equipment (hardware, software, and materials) and the physical and social environments by, with or in which, a product is used ISO 1503:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5 3.17 user interface UI man-machine interface MMI human-machine interface HMI human-system interface HSI component of an inte
