1、 ISO 2016 Earth-moving machinery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems Part 2: Particular requirements for externally-powered machines Engins de terrassement Scurit lectrique des machines utilisant des moteurs lectriques et composants et systmes c
2、onnexes Partie 2: Exigences particulires pour les machines moteur externe INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14990-2 First edition 2016-11-01 Reference number ISO 14990-2:2016(E) ISO 14990-2:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights res
3、erved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either I
4、SO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 14990-2:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normat
5、ive references 1 3 T erms, definitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 1 4 General requirements . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Special conditions . 2 4.3 Supplies . 2 4.3.1 AC supplies 2 4.3.2 DC supplies . 2 5 Protection against electric shock hazards . 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Guidance for type of neutral earthin
6、g system 3 6 Pr ot ection ag ainst electrical fir e hazar ds 4 7 Protection against thermal hazards . 4 8 Protection against mechanical hazards 4 9 Pr ot ection ag ainst abnormal oper ation hazar ds 5 9.1 General . 5 9.2 Supply conductors 5 9.3 Socket outlets . 5 9.4 Protection against supply interr
7、uption or voltage reduction and subsequent restoration . 5 9.5 Phase sequence protection . 5 9.6 Protection against overvoltages due to lightning and to switching surges 5 10 Electric power source 6 10.1 Incoming supply conductor terminations . 6 10.2 Terminal for connection to the external protecti
8、ve earthing system 6 10.3 Protection against unauthorized, inadvertent and/or mistaken connection . 7 11 Wiring 7 11.1 Flexible cables 7 11.2 Conductor wires, conductor bars, and slip-ring assemblies Clearances . 7 11.3 Connections and routing Conductor and cable runs . 8 11.4 Connection to moving e
9、lements of the EMM 8 12 Electric motors . 9 12.1 Criteria for motor selection or design . 9 13 Non-motor loads . 9 14 Controls 9 14.1 Control circuit supply 9 15 Manuals and documentation 10 15.1 Information to be provided .10 15.2 Installation documents .10 16 Marking .11 16.1 Marking of equipment
10、.11 17 Tests 11 Annex A (informative) Enquiry form for electrical equipment of externally-powered machines 12 Bibliogr aph y .15 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 14990-2:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
11、standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
12、 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended fo
13、r its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.or
14、g/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be
15、 in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expression
16、s related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving mac
17、hinery, Subcommittee SC 3, Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, operation and maintenance. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-1.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14990-2:2016(E) Introduction This document is a type-C standard as defined in ISO
18、 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events are covered are indicated in ISO 14990-1:2016, Annex A. When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C
19、standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard. Electrification is an enabling technology providing increased flexibility in machine form packaging. Because in the past earth-m
20、oving machinery (EMM) electrical systems have predominately been in the 1224 V DC range, two safety aspects require particular attention: significantly higher voltages, such as are utilized in industrial or structural applications and in other transportation sectors; greater available electrical ene
21、rgy. Portions of this document appear to govern electrical design practices (e.g. Clauses 9, 11, 12, and 17). Their requirements are necessary because certain aspects of design cannot be separated from electrical safety. Some of the content of this document is based on IEC 60204-1 and IEC 60204-11,
22、adapted to the needs of earth-moving machinery. Non-electrical hazards are addressed in the ISO 20474 series. Figure 1 is provided as an aid to the understanding of the interrelationship of the various elements of a machine and its associated equipment. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a typical machi
23、ne and associated equipment showing the various elements of the electrical equipment addressed in this document. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v ISO 14990-2:2016(E) Figure 1 Block diagram of a typical machinevi ISO 2016 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 14990-2:2016(E) Earth-moving mach
24、inery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems Part 2: Particular requirements for externally-powered machines 1 Scope This document specifies the particular safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated in external
25、ly-powered (mains-connected, including machines powered by external dedicated generators), electrically-driven earth-moving machines (EMMs). It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the range of 50 V36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V36 kV DC including any repetition rate
26、of pulsating DC intended for outdoor use. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-1, which gives general requirements for EMMs regardless of how they are powered. Requireme
27、nts specific to self-powered machines are given in ISO 14990-3. However, it is possible for an EMM to be both self-powered and externally-powered (e.g. a battery-powered machine having a built-in charger with power supply function), in which case ISO 14990-3 is also applicable. 2 Normative reference
28、s The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appl
29、ies. ISO 14990-1:2016, Earth-moving machinery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives or related components and systems Part 1: General requirements ISO 14990-3, Earth-moving machinery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives or related components and systems Part 3: P
30、articular requirements for self-powered machines IEC 60071-1:2006, Insulation Coordination Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules. Amended by IEC 60071-1:2006/Amd. 1:2010 IEC 60364-5-52, Low-voltage electrical installations Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment Wiring systems
31、IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests 3 T erms,
32、 d efinitions and abbr e viat ed t erms For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in ISO 14990-1 apply. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 14990-2:2016(E) ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
33、IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 4 General requirements 4.1 General The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 4, shall apply except as modified by this clause. 4.2 Special conditions The enquiry form gi
34、ven in Annex A can be used as the basis for an agreement between user and supplier to address special conditions, or where certain provisions of this document might not be applicable. The waiver of any requirement shall be limited to situations not covered by this document. 4.3 Supplies 4.3.1 AC sup
35、plies Voltage: Steady-state voltage: 0,9 to 1,1 of nominal voltage. Frequency: 0,99 to 1,01 of nominal frequency continuously; 0,98 to 1,02 short time. Harmonics: Harmonic distortion not exceeding 10 % of the total r.m.s. voltage between live conductors for the sum of the 2nd to the 5th harmonic. An
36、 additional 2 % of the total r.m.s. voltage between live conductors for the sum of the 6th to the 30th harmonic is permissible. Vo l t a g e u nb a l a nc e : Neither the voltage of the negative sequence component nor the voltage of the zero sequence component in three-phase supplies exceeding 2 % o
37、f the positive sequence component. Voltage interruption: Supply interrupted or at zero voltage for not more than 3 ms at any random time in the supply cycle with more than 1 s between successive interruptions. Voltage dips: Voltage dips not exceeding 20 % of the peak voltage of the supply for more t
38、han one cycle with more than 1 s between successive dips. 4.3.2 DC supplies 4.3.2.1 F r om batt eries Voltage: 0,85 to 1,15 of nominal voltage; 0,7 to 1,2 of nominal voltage in the case of battery-operated vehicles. Voltage interruption: Not exceeding 5 ms. 4.3.2.2 From converting equipment Voltage:
39、 0,9 to 1,1 of nominal voltage. Voltage interruption: Not exceeding 20 ms with more than 1 s between successive interruptions. NOTE This is a variation on IEC Guide 106 for ensuring the proper operation of electronic equipment. Ripple (peak-to-peak): Not exceeding 0,15 of nominal voltage.2 ISO 2016
40、All rights reserved ISO 14990-2:2016(E) 5 Protection against electric shock hazards 5.1 General The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 5 shall apply except as modified by this clause. 5.1.1 See Figure 2 for an example of equipotential bonding for electrical equipment of an externally- powered
41、EMM. 5.1.2 For EMM where the connection to the earthing system (machine bonding conductor) is provided solely by flexible cables, the continuity of the protective conductor shall be ensured by appropriate design of the cable. Where there is a possibility that the cable and hence the machine bonding
42、conductor could become damaged (e.g. a trailing cable dragged on the ground), the continuity of the protective bonding circuit shall be monitored. The supply to the electrical equipment of the machine or to the relevant part of the machine shall be switched off whenever loss of continuity of the pro
43、tective bonding circuit is detected, or failure of the monitoring means occurs. Exception: Maintenance operations involving devices such as battery chargers, block heaters and similar devices, and GFCI/RCD protected circuits. 5.1.3 Each protective conductor connecting point on a machine shall be mar
44、ked or labelled as such using the symbol IEC 60417-5019 1)or with the letters “PE”, or by use of the bicolour combination GREEN-AND-YELLOW, or by any combination of these. The graphical symbol is preferred. 5.2 Guidance for type of neutral earthing system For high-voltage equipment, the following ge
45、neral limitations for different voltage ranges and lengths of supply cable apply. a) Direct earthing of the neutral Only appropriate for system voltages less than 2 kV, (automatic disconnection of supply is always required). b) Low impedance earthing of the neutral May be appropriate for system volt
46、ages up to 36 k V a n d c a b l e l e n g t h u p t o 4 km (automatic disconnection of supply is normally necessary). c) Isolated or high impedance earthing of the neutral Appropriate for system voltages up to 36 kV and cable length up to 8 km, with the permissible cable length depending upon the ca
47、pacitive reactance of all cables connected to the supply (automatic disconnection of supply is not normally necessary). 1) ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp. Search using 5019. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO 14990-2:2016(E) Figure 2 Example of equipotential bonding
48、 for externally-powered EMM (based on IEC 602041: 2009, Figure 2) 6 Pr ot ection ag ainst electrical fir e hazar ds The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 6 shall apply. 7 Protection against thermal hazards The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 7 shall apply. 8 Protection against mechan
49、ical hazards The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 8 shall apply.4 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14990-2:2016(E) 9 Pr ot ection ag ainst abnormal oper ation hazar ds 9.1 General The requirements of ISO 14990-1:2016, Clause 9 shall apply except as modified by this clause. 9.2 Supply conductors Unless otherwise specified by the user, the supplier of the electrical equipment is not responsible for providing the overcurrent protective device for the supply conductors to the electr
