1、 ISO 2016 Earth-moving machinery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems Part 1: General requirements Engins de terrassement Scurit lectrique des machines utilisant des moteurs lectriques et composants et systmes connexes Partie 1: Exigences gnrales
2、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14990-1 First edition 2016-11-01 Reference number ISO 14990-1:2016(E) ISO 14990-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be rep
3、roduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the request
4、er. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 14990-1:2016(E)Foreword vii Introduction viii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 2 3 T erms, definitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 3 3.
5、1 Electric shock protection-related terms and definitions 3 3.2 Control-related terms and definitions 5 3.3 Electrical infrastructure-related terms and definitions 6 3.4 Risk-related terms and definitions 7 3.5 Miscellaneous terms and definitions . 8 3.6 Abbreviated terms . 9 4 General requirements
6、. 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Provisions for handling 9 4.3 Provisions for transportation and storage .10 4.4 Components and devices.10 4.5 Intended operating environment .10 4.5.1 General.10 4.5.2 Exposure 10 4.5.3 Altitude 11 4.5.4 Ingress protection 11 4.6 Electrical source 11 5 Protection against elec
7、tric shock hazards 11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Protection by enclosures .11 5.3 Protection by insulation .12 5.4 Protection against residual voltages .13 5.5 Protection by barriers 13 5.6 Protection by inaccessibility 13 5.7 Special considerations for low voltage energy storage devices and related buses.1
8、3 5.8 Prevention of touch voltage 14 5.8.1 General.14 5.8.2 Protection by class II construction or equivalent .14 5.8.3 Protection by electrical separation .14 5.9 Protection by automatic disconnection of source .15 5.10 Protection by equipotential bonding 15 5.10.1 General.15 5.10.2 Protective equi
9、potential bonding circuit .16 5.10.3 Functional equipotential bonding18 5.10.4 Devices for earthing and short-circuiting live parts 19 5.11 Protection by use of PELV .19 5.11.1 General.19 5.11.2 Sources for PELV .19 6 Pr ot ection ag ainst electrical fir e hazar ds .20 6.1 General 20 6.2 Fire hazard
10、 assessment 20 6.3 Prevention of ignition 20 6.4 Minimizing the spread of fire 20 7 Protection against thermal hazards 20 8 Protection against mechanical hazards.20 9 Pr ot ection ag ainst abnormal oper ation hazar ds .20 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 14990-1:2016(E)9.1 General
11、20 9.2 Overcurrent protection (OCP) 21 9.2.1 General.21 9.2.2 Transformers .21 9.2.3 Overcurrent protection (OCP) implementation .21 9.2.4 Rating and setting of overcurrent protective systems21 9.2.5 Placement of overcurrent protective devices 21 9.3 Abnormal temperature protection .22 9.4 Earth (or
12、 chassis in the case of self-powered machines) fault/residual current protection .22 9.5 Protection against overvoltages due to lightning and to switching surges .22 9.6 Protection against other abnormal operation hazards .22 10 Electric power source .22 10.1 Disconnection of source .22 10.1.1 Gener
13、al.22 10.1.2 Source disconnecting devices 23 10.1.3 Equipment disconnecting devices .24 10.2 Prevention of unintended start-up .24 10.3 External electrical charging 24 11 Wiring .24 11.1 General 24 11.2 Conductors 25 11.3 Insulation 25 11.4 Conductor and cable ampacity .25 11.5 Flexible cables.26 11
14、.5.1 General.26 11.5.2 Mechanical rating .26 11.5.3 Ampacity of cables wound on reels 26 11.6 Assemblies having sliding contacts 26 11.6.1 Accessibility of live parts .26 11.6.2 Protective conductor circuit 27 11.6.3 Protective conductor current collectors .27 11.6.4 Removable current collectors use
15、d for disconnection .27 11.6.5 Clearances .27 11.6.6 Creepage distances .27 11.6.7 Conductor system sectioning .28 11.6.8 Construction and installation 28 11.7 Connections and routing .28 11.7.1 General.28 11.7.2 Conductor and cable runs .28 11.7.3 Conductors of different circuits .29 11.8 Identific
16、ation of conductors .29 11.8.1 General.29 11.8.2 Protective conductor identification 29 11.8.3 Neutral conductor identification 29 11.8.4 Identification by colour .30 11.9 Wiring inside enclosures .31 11.10 Wiring outside enclosures .31 11.10.1 General.31 11.10.2 External ducts 31 11.10.3 Connection
17、 to moving elements of the EMM 31 11.10.4 Interconnection of devices on the EMM .32 11.10.5 Plug/socket combinations 33 11.10.6 Dismantling for shipment .34 11.10.7 Spare conductors 34 11.11 Ducts and boxes.34 11.11.1 General.34 iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14990-1:2016(E)11.11.2 Rigid metal
18、conduit and fittings 35 11.11.3 Flexible metal conduit and fittings 35 11.11.4 Flexible nonmetallic conduit and fittings 35 11.11.5 Cable trunking systems .35 11.11.6 EMM compartments and cable trunking systems 35 11.11.7 Boxes .35 11.11.8 Motor wiring boxes .35 12 Electric motors and generators36 1
19、2.1 General 36 12.2 Enclosures 36 12.3 Dimensions 36 12.4 Mounting and compartments 36 12.5 Criteria for motor selection or design 36 12.6 Overheating protection .37 12.7 Overspeed protection .37 13 Non-motor loads 37 13.1 Accessories 37 13.2 Local lighting .38 13.2.1 General.38 13.2.2 Source .38 13
20、.2.3 Protection 38 13.2.4 Fittings .38 14 Controls .39 14.1 Control circuits.39 14.1.1 Control circuit voltages .39 14.1.2 Protection 39 14.2 Control functions 39 14.3 Protective interlocks .39 14.3.1 Reclosing or resetting of an interlocking safeguard .39 14.3.2 Operating limits, auxiliary function
21、s, interlocks, and reverse current braking 39 14.4 Control functions in the event of failure 39 14.4.1 General.40 14.4.2 Measures to minimize risk in the event of failure 40 14.4.3 Protection against malfunction due to earth (or chassis in the case of self- powered machines) faults, voltage interrup
22、tions and loss of continuity 41 14.5 Operator interface and machine-mounted control devices 42 14.5.1 General.42 14.5.2 Push-buttons 42 14.5.3 Indicator lights and displays .43 14.5.4 Illuminated push-buttons .43 14.5.5 Rotary control devices .43 14.5.6 Start devices 43 14.5.7 Emergency stop devices
23、 .43 14.5.8 Emergency switching off devices .43 14.5.9 Enabling control devices 43 14.6 Controlgear: location, mounting, and enclosures 43 14.6.1 General.43 14.6.2 Location and mounting .43 14.6.3 Degrees of protection44 14.6.4 Enclosures, doors, and openings.45 14.6.5 Access to controlgear 46 14.7
24、Access to low and high-voltage equipment .46 15 Manuals and technical documentation 46 15.1 General 46 15.2 Information to be provided .46 15.3 Documentation 46 ISO 2016 All rights reserved v ISO 14990-1:2016(E)15.4 Overview diagrams and function diagrams 47 15.5 Circuit diagrams 47 15.6 Operators m
25、anual.47 15.7 Maintenance manual and service literature .47 15.7.1 General.47 15.7.2 Reduction of electrical hazards while servicing 48 15.8 Parts list .48 16 Marking .49 16.1 General 49 16.2 Warning signs .49 16.2.1 Electric shock hazard 49 16.2.2 Hot surfaces hazard 49 16.2.3 Magnetic field hazard
26、49 16.2.4 Arc flash hazard .49 16.2.5 Residual voltage hazard 50 16.3 Functional identification .50 16.4 Marking of equipment .50 16.4.1 General.50 16.4.2 Indication of hazardous voltages (all machines) 50 16.5 Reference designations .50 16.6 Protective equipotential bonding terminals .50 17 Tests 5
27、0 17.1 General 50 17.2 Protective equipotential bonding circuit continuity .51 17.3 Conditions for protection by automatic disconnection of source 51 17.3.1 General.51 17.3.2 Fault loop impedance verification and suitability of the associated overcurrent protective device in TN systems 52 17.4 Insul
28、ation resistance tests .52 17.4.1 Low-voltage insulation resistance test 52 17.4.2 High-voltage insulation resistance test .52 17.5 Voltage withstand tests .52 17.6 Protection against residual voltages .53 17.7 Functional tests .53 17.8 Retesting 53 17.9 IP test for high-voltage equipment .53 Annex
29、A (informative) List of significant hazar ds54 Annex B (normative) TN systems Protection against indirect contact .56 Annex C (informative) Explanation of emergency operation functions .59 Annex D (informative) Comparison of selected requirements of ISO 14990, UN ECE R100 and ISO 6469-3 60 Bibliogr
30、aph y .65 vi ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14990-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical comm
31、ittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
32、International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for th
33、e different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. I
34、SO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this doc
35、ument is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in t
36、he Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 3, Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, operation and maintenance. This document is inte
37、nded to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vii ISO 14990-1:2016(E) Introduction This document is a type-C standard as defined in ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events are covere
38、d are indicated in Annex A of this document. When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those stated in type-A or type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built a
39、ccording to the requirements of this type-C standard. Electrification is an enabling technology providing increased flexibility in machine form packaging. Because in the past earth-moving machinery (EMM) electrical systems have predominately been in the 1224 V DC range, two safety aspects require pa
40、rticular attention: significantly higher voltages, such as are utilized in industrial or structural applications and in other transportation sectors; greater available electrical energy. Portions of this document appear to govern electrical design practices (e.g. Clauses 9, 11, 12, and 17). Their re
41、quirements are necessary because certain aspects of design cannot be separated from electrical safety. Some of the content of this document is based on IEC 60204-1 and IEC 60204-11, adapted to the needs of earth-moving machinery. Non-electrical hazards are addressed in the ISO 20474 series.viii ISO
42、2016 All rights reserved Earth-moving machinery Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems Part 1: General requirements 1 Scope This document specifies general safety requirements for the electrical equipment and its components incorporated into earth-
43、moving machines (EMMs) as defined in ISO 6165, and addresses the safety of operators, technicians, service/maintenance personnel and bystanders. It is applicable to those machines using on-board voltages in the ranges of 50 V36 kV AC r.m.s. at any frequency and 75 V36 kV DC including any repetition
44、rate of pulsating DC intended for outdoor use. It is applicable to both low and high voltages, except where its applicability to high- or low-voltage equipment only is indicated. Voltages occurring within devices are not considered to be on-board voltages and are thus not within its scope. NOTE 1 Sp
45、ecial considerations typically apply at frequencies greater than 30 kHz. Where reference standards are limited to frequencies below those used on the EMM, it is the responsibility of the user to assess the risks and address them appropriately. This document covers all significant hazards, hazardous
46、situations, and hazardous events relevant to the voltage range for earth-moving machinery within its scope when the machinery is used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks ar
47、ising from significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 14990-2 and ISO 14990-3, which give provisio
48、ns specific to the machines power source that take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines covered. For multipurpose machinery, all those parts of ISO 14990 are applicable whose requirements cover the functions and applications of the machine. Even though this document add
49、resses most hazards associated with the use of low- or high-voltage electrical systems in earth-moving machines, owing to the possible presence of additional electrical hazards, conformance with it cannot be taken as an absolute guarantee of electrical safety. Areas of concern are included in the list of significant hazards found in Annex A. This document specifies requirements for on-board generators, electrically isolated from other low- voltage systems and provided as power sources for general-purpose socket outlets instal
