1、 Reference number ISO 14649-10:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-10 Second edition 2004-12-15 Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controllers Part 10: General process data Systmes dautomatisation industrielle et i
2、ntgration Commande des dispositifs physiques Modle de donnes pour les contrleurs numriques informatiss Partie 10: Donnes des procds gnraux ISO 14649-10:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed
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7、so.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 14649-10:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 General Process data3 4.1 Header and references3 4.2 General type
8、s and definitions 4 4.2.1 Measure units 4 4.2.2 Other general types.6 4.3 Where to start: Project6 4.3.1 Person and address 7 4.4 What to machine: Workpiece and manufacturing feature.7 4.4.1 Workpiece 7 4.4.2 Manufacturing feature.9 4.5 Catalogue of manufacturing features10 4.5.1 Region 10 4.5.2 Two
9、5D manufacturing feature12 4.5.3 Machining feature12 4.5.4 Planar face .13 4.5.5 Pocket.14 4.5.6 Slot17 4.5.7 Step.21 4.5.8 Profile feature 22 4.5.9 Round hole.27 4.5.10 Toolpath feature 31 4.5.11 Boss31 4.5.12 Spherical cap .32 4.5.13 Rounded end33 4.5.14 Compound feature.33 4.5.15 Replicate featur
10、e35 4.5.16 Transition feature 40 4.5.17 Thread.42 4.5.18 Profile .45 4.5.19 Travel path .52 4.5.20 Surface texture parameter53 4.6 To make things happen: Executables.54 4.6.1 Executable54 4.6.2 Workingstep.55 4.6.3 NC function 61 4.6.4 Program structure .62 4.7 How to machine: Operations71 4.7.1 Ope
11、ration72 4.7.2 Machining operation .73 4.8 To be in full control: Explicit toolpath definition .76 4.8.1 Toolpath .76 4.8.2 Feedstop.79 4.8.3 Trajectory .79 4.8.4 Cutter location trajectory79 4.8.5 Cutter contact trajectory.80 ISO 14649-10:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reserved4.8.6 Axis trajectory
12、. 81 4.8.7 Parameterised path 82 4.8.8 Connector 82 4.8.9 Approach and lift path 83 4.9 Rules 85 4.9.1 dependent_instantiable_representation_item. 85 4.9.2 dependent_instantiable_shape_representation 85 4.9.3 geometric_representation_item_3d 86 4.10 End of schema 86 5 Conformance requirements. 86 5.
13、1 Conformance class 1 entities 87 5.2 Conformance class 2 entities 87 5.3 Conformance class 3 entities 89 5.4 Conformance class 4 entities 91 5.5 Conformance class 5 entities 93 5.6 Conformance class 6 entities 96 Annex A (normative) EXPRESS expanded listing 99 Annex B (normative) Short names of ent
14、ities. 125 Annex C (normative) Implementation method specific requirements 133 Annex D (informative) EXPRESS-G figures. 134 Annex E (informative) Computer-interpretable listings 150 Index 151 ISO 14649-10:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standard
15、ization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
16、be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Stand
17、ards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inte
18、rnational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14649-
19、10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14649-10:2003), of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 14649 consists of the following
20、parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controllers: Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles Part 10: General process data Part 11: Process data for milling Part 12: Process data for turning Part 1
21、11: Tools for milling machines Part 121: Tools for turning Gaps in the numbering of parts were left to allow further additions. The future Parts 2 and 3 will be for language bindings according to ISO 10303 methods. Part 10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference Model (ARM) for process-independent da
22、ta. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after Part 10. The future Part 50 will be the ISO 10303 Application Interpreted Model (AIM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 AIMs for specific technologies are added after Part 50. ISO 14649 is harmonised with ISO 10303 in the common fiel
23、d of Product Data over the whole life cycle. Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardisation between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development. ISO 14649-10:2004(E) vi ISO 2004 All rights reservedIntroduction Modern manuf
24、acturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred between the various facilities and machines. Todays digital communications standards have solved the pr
25、oblem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been standardised by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realis
26、ing this principle are the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. H
27、owever, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases le
28、aves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983. ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by
29、 specifying machining processes rather than machine tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion and tool operation. A major
30、 benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information technology systems. ISO 14649 represents an
31、object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming, that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is object- and feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine d
32、ependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC- controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the cor
33、responding interpreters shall be able to process the different NC program types in parallel. ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manual
34、ly or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute
35、 the effectiveness of the standard. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-10:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controllers Part 10: General process data 1 Scope This part of ISO 14649 specifies
36、 the process data which is generally needed for NC-programming within all machining technologies. These data elements describe the interface between a computerised numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop-floor programming system). On the programming system, the progr
37、amme for the numerical controller is created. This programme includes geometric and technological information. It can be described using this part of ISO 14649 together with the technology-specific parts (ISO 14649-11, etc.). This part of ISO 14649 provides the control structures for the sequence of
38、 programme execution, mainly the sequence of working steps and associated machine functions. The “machining_schema” defined in this part of ISO 14649 contains the definition of data types which are generally relevant for different technologies (e.g. milling, turning, grinding). The features for non-
39、milling technologies like turning, EDM, etc. will be introduced when the technology specific parts like ISO 14649-12 for turning, ISO 14649-13 for EDM, and ISO 14649-14 for contour cutting of wood and glass are published. It includes the definition of the workpiece, a feature catalogue containing fe
40、atures which might be referenced by several technologies, the general executables and the basis for an operation definition. Not included in this schema are geometric items and representations, which are referenced from ISO 10303s generic resources, and the technology-specific definitions, which are
41、 defined in separate parts of ISO 14649. This part of ISO 14649 cannot stand alone. An implementation needs in addition at least one technology- specific part (e.g. ISO 14649-11 for milling, ISO 14649-12 for turning). Additionally, the schema uses machining features similar to ISO 10303-224 and ISO
42、10303-214. The description of process data is done using the EXPRESS language as defined in ISO 10303-11. The encoding of the data is done using ISO 10303-21. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only
43、the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 286-1:1988, ISO system of limits and fits Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits ISO 10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data
44、 representation and exchange Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual ISO 10303-21, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 21: Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of the exchange structure ISO 10303-41, Industria
45、l automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 41: Integrated generic resource: Fundamentals of product description and support ISO 14649-10:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and de
46、finitions apply. 3.1 2D Geometry in a xy-plane, where all the geometrys points have only x and y coordinates. 3.2 2D machining Machining of a prismatic part. Typically, the workpiece is processed in several layers which are located perpendicular to the tool axis. In the EXPRESS listing of ISO14649,
47、the term “two5D“ is used for entity and attribute names. 3.3 3D Geometry in three-dimensional space, where all points have x, y, and z coordinates. 3.4 freeform machining Machining of freeform surfaces. For this kind of machining, the tool has to move in at least three axes simultaneously while proc
48、essing the workpiece. Sometimes five-axes milling machines are used to reach an optimised angle between the tool and the workpiece surface. 3.5 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 3.6 CNC Computer Numerical Control 3.7 EDM Electrical Discharge Machining 3.8 EXPRESS The language described in ISO10303-11
49、 ISO 10303-42, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 42: Integrated generic resource: Geometric and topological representation ISO 10303-43, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 43: Integrated generic resource: Representation structures ISO 10303-214, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 214: Application protocol: Core d
