1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14289-1 Second edition 2014- 12-15 Document management applications Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1) Applications de la gestion de documents Amlioration de format du fichier du document lectronique pour lac
2、cessibilit Partie 1: Utilisation de lISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1) Reference number ISO 14289-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic
3、 or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41
4、22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandISO 14289-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedContents Foreword iv Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Notation . 2 5 Version identification 3 6 Confo
5、rmance requirements 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 Conforming files . 3 6.3 Conforming reader 3 6.4 Conforming assistive technology 4 7 File format requirements 4 7.1 General . 4 7.2 Text 5 7.3 Graphics 5 7.4 Headings . 5 7.5 Tables 6 7.6 Lists . 7 7.7 Mathematical expressions . 7 7.8 Page headers and footer
6、s . 7 7.9 Notes and references . 7 7.10 Optional content 7 7.11 Embedded files . 7 7.12 Article threads . 8 7.13 Digital signatures 8 7.14 Non-interactive forms . 8 7.15 XFA . 8 7.16 Security 8 7.17 Navigation . 8 7.18 Annotations 9 7.19 Actions .10 7.20 XObjects 10 7.21 Fonts 10 8 Conforming reader
7、 requirements .13 8.1 General 13 8.2 Text .13 8.3 Tables .14 8.4 Optional content .14 8.5 File attachments and embedded files .14 8.6 Digital signatures .14 8.7 Actions .15 8.8 Metadata 15 8.9 Navigation 15 8.10 Annotations.15 9 AT requirements 16 9.1 General 16 9.2 Optional content .16 9.3 Navigati
8、on 16 Bibliography .17ISO 14289-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii PageForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I
9、SO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
10、closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval crite
11、ria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
12、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name
13、 used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technica
14、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 171, Document management applications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues. This second edition of ISO 14289-1 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14
15、289-1:2012, Corrected version), of which it constitutes a minor revision incorporating the following corrections: in Scope, line 1, rewording clarifies the reference to ISO 32000-1:2008 that was changed in the ISO publishing process; in Clause 5, the method for specifying version and conformance has
16、 been clarified; in 7.3 (line after second bullet), bold type has been applied to the word “Caption”; in 7.3 (line before Note 1), “Table 333 has been replaced by “Table 323” and a reference to subclause 14.7.2 has been added; in 7.4.1 (second line), a reference to subclause 14.7.2 has been added; i
17、n 7.4.3 (first paragraph), the phrase “listed above” in the second sentence has been replaced with the correct reference in this International Standard; in 7.4.4 (first line), bold type has been applied to the letter “H”; in 7.5 (second paragraph), the normative requirement to have a Scope attribute
18、 on a TH structure element has been changed from a shall to a should, and additional normative text added to explicate when the Scope element is required; in 7.6 (second bullet), LI has been replaced by L; in 7.17 (last paragraph), a reference to 7.7.2 has been added; in 7.18.1 (first paragraph), el
19、ements of Subtype Popup have been exempted from the requirements in this clause; in 7.18.1 (fourth paragraph), alternative descriptions for widget annotations have been clarified;ISO 14289-1:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved in 7.18.2 (first line), 7.17.1 has been replaced by 7.18.1; in 7.18.5
20、(first paragraph), the reference has been corrected to ISO 32000-1:2008, 14.8.4.4.2; in 7.18.8, the requirements for handling of annotation type PrinterMark have been clarified; in 8.4 (third bullet), the word “the” has been added before “value”; in 8.8 (Note), a reference to 12.2 has been added. IS
21、O 14289 consists of the following parts, under the general title Document management applications Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility: Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1)ISO 14289-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved vIntroduction PDF is a digital format for representin
22、g documents. PDF files may be created natively in PDF form, converted from other electronic formats, or digitized from paper. Businesses, governments, libraries, archives and other institutions and individuals around the world use PDF to represent considerable bodies of important information. These
23、PDF files should be made accessible to users with disabilities. The accessibility of a document is dependent on the inclusion of a variety of semantic information in a document such as (but not limited to) machine-recoverable text presented in a declared language, logical structure of content, and o
24、rganization of that content in pages, sections and paragraphs. Semantic information can also contain a variety of descriptive metadata, such as alternative text for images. The primary purpose of ISO 14289 (known as PDF/UA) is to define how to represent electronic documents in the PDF format in a ma
25、nner that allows the file to be accessible. This is accomplished by identifying the set of PDF components that may be used and restrictions on the form of their use. PDF/UA is intended as a companion standard, to be used in conjunction with ISO 32000, ISO 19005, ISO 15930 and other standards as may
26、apply for the purpose of achieving accessibility or as mandated by this International Standard. In order for PDF/UA conforming files to be truly accessible, requirements on conforming readers and conforming assistive technology are also stipulated herein. By itself, PDF/UA does not necessarily ensur
27、e that the visual appearance of the content accurately reflects any original source material used to create the conforming file. For example, the process used to create a conforming file might substitute fonts, reflow text, downsample images, or use lossy compression. Organizations that need to ensu
28、re that a conforming file is an accurate representation of original source material may need to impose additional requirements on the processes that generate the conforming file beyond those imposed by this International Standard. In addition, it is important for those organizations to implement pol
29、icies and practices regarding the inspection of conforming files for correct placement of accessibility information. AIIM (an accredited standards developing organization) maintains an ongoing series of application notes for guiding developers and users of this International Standard. These applicat
30、ion notes will be displayed, when available, at http:/ /www.aiim.org/pdfua/app-notes. AIIM will also retain copies of the specific non-ISO normative references in this International Standard that are publicly available electronic documents.ISO 14289-1:2014(E)vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedINTERNATIO
31、NAL ST ANDARD ISO 14289-1:2014(E) Document management applications Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1) 1 Scope This part of ISO 14289 specifies the use of ISO 32000-1:2008 to produce accessible electronic documents. This part of ISO 142
32、89 is not applicable to: specific processes for converting paper or electronic documents to the PDF/UA format; specific technical design, user interface, implementation, or operational details of rendering; specific physical methods of storing these documents, such as media and storage conditions; r
33、equired computer hardware and/or operating systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
34、 any amendments) applies. ISO 32000-1:2008, Document management Portable document format Part 1: PDF 1.7 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, W3C Recommendation, 11 December 2008. Available from the Internet . 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and def
35、initions apply. 3.1 assistive technology AT software and/or hardware used by a person with a disability that provides alternative controls and/or renditions to facilitate their access to and usage of available functionality and information 3.2 alternate description description of a structure element
36、 and its children SOURCE: ISO 32000-1:2008, 14.9.3 Note 1 to entry: ISO 32000-1 uses both “alternate text” and “alternate description” to refer to the same item. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 13.3 dictionary associative table containing key-value pairs, specifying the name and value of an attribute f
37、or objects, which is generally used to collect and tie together the attributes of a complex object SOURCE: ISO 32000-1:2008, 4.17 3.4 interactive reader reader that requires or allows human interaction with the content and other objects contained in the document during the softwares processing phase
38、 Note 1 to entry: A file viewing tool is an example of an interactive reader; a raster image processor is an example of a reader that is not interactive. 3.5 Portable Document Format PDF file format defined in ISO 32000-1:2008 3.6 reader software application that is able to read and process PDF file
39、s appropriately SOURCE: ISO 32000-1:2008, 2.2 3.7 replacement text text that is an exact replacement for the structure element and its children in cases where an AT device needs to read the element inline with the surrounding content SOURCE: ISO 32000-1:2008, 14.9.4 3.8 writer software application t
40、hat is able to write PDF files SOURCE: ISO 32000-1:2008, 2.3 4 Notation PDF operators, PDF keywords, the names of keys in PDF dictionaries, and other predefined names are written in bold font; operands of PDF operators or values of dictionary keys are written in italic font. Some names can also be u
41、sed as values, depending on the context, and so the styling of the content will be context specific. EXAMPLE 1 The Default value for the TR2 key. Token characters used to delimit objects and describe the structure of PDF files, as defined in ISO 32000-1:2008, 7.2.1, may be identified by their ISO/IE
42、C 646 character name written in upper case in bold font followed by a parenthetic two digit hexadecimal character value with the suffix “h”. EXAMPLE 2 CARRIAGE RETURN (0Dh). Text string characters, as defined in ISO 32000-1:2008, 7.9.2, may be identified by their ISO/IEC 10646 character name written
43、 in uppercase in bold font followed by a parenthetic four digit hexadecimal character code value with the prefix “U+”. EXAMPLE 3 EN SPACE (U+2002).ISO 14289-1:2014(E)2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved5 Version identification The PDF/UA version and conformance of a file shall be specified in the metadata
44、 stream that is the value of the Metadata key in the Catalog using the PDF/UA Identification extension schema defined in Table 1. The Identification schema namespace URI is http:/ /www.aiim.org/pdfua/ns/id/. The required schema namespace prefix is pdfuaid. Table 1 PDF/UA Identification schema Proper
45、ty Value type Category Description pdfuaid:part Open Choice of Integer Internal Required PDF/UA version identifier pdfuaid:amd Open Choice of Text Internal Optional PDF/UA amendment identifier pdfuaid:corr Open Choice of Text Internal Optional PDF/UA corrigenda identifier The value of pdfuaid:part s
46、hall be the part number of this International Standard to which the file conforms. If the file conforms to a version of this International Standard that is defined by an amendment to a part, then the value of pdfuaid:amd shall be the amendment number and year, separated by a colon. The values of the
47、 pdfuaid:part, pdfuaid:amd and pdfuaid:corr properties do not by themselves determine conformance with any part of this International Standard. 6 Conformance requirements 6.1 General ISO 14289 defines a file format for representing electronic documents known as “PDF/UA” and also defines how conformi
48、ng readers and conforming assistive technology (AT) process such documents. The version number of a file may be any value from 1.0 to 1.7, and the value shall not be used in determining whether a file is in conformance with this part of ISO 14289. NOTE The proper mechanism by which a file can presum
49、ptively identify itself as being a PDF/UA file of a given conformance level is described in Clause 5. 6.2 Conforming files Conforming files shall adhere to all requirements of ISO 32000-1:2008 as modified by this part of ISO 14289. A conforming file may include any valid ISO 32000-1:2008 feature that is not explicitly forbidden by this part of ISO 14289. Features described in PDF specifications prior to ISO 32000-1:2008 which are not explicitly
