1、 Reference number ISO 13232-7:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13232-7 Second edition 2005-12-15 Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 7: Standardized procedures for performing computer simulations of m
2、otorcycle impact tests Motocycles Mthodes dessai et danalyse de lvaluation par la recherche des dispositifs, monts sur les motocycles, visant la protection des motocyclistes contre les collisions Partie 7: Mthodes normalises de simulation par ordinateur dessais de choc sur motocycles ISO 13232-7:200
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6、SO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in th
7、e country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reserved ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Sc
8、ope1 2 Normative references2 3 Definitions 2 4 Requirements.3 4.1 Modelling 3 4.2 Parameters .4 4.3 Outputs .4 4.4 Post processing.8 4.5 Simulation calibration .9 5 Methods12 5.1 Failure mode and effects analysis .12 5.2 Simulated characteristics for laboratory component tests.12 5.3 Motorcycle barr
9、ier test13 5.4 Full-scale impact test statistical correlation.18 6 Documentation.19 6.1 Simulation 19 6.2 Laboratory component test calibration.19 6.3 Motorcycle dynamic laboratory test 19 6.4 Full-scale test correlation .19 Annex A (normative) Example simulated component characteristics reports.21
10、Annex B (informative) Rationale for ISO 13232-7.23 Figures Figure 1 Impactors and axes to be used for component test.7 Figure A.1 Format for component characteristic graphs22 ISO 13232-7:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedTables Table 1 MC laboratory component tests 5 Table 2 OV laboratory compo
11、nent tests 6 Table 3 Dummy laboratory component tests .10 Table 4 Comparison parameters12 Table 5 Injury assessment variables and injury indices to be calculated for each impact configuration.13 Table 6 Set up for static laboratory component tests.14 Table 7 Set up for dynamic laboratory dummy compo
12、nent tests.15 Table 8 Set up for dynamic laboratory MC component tests.16 Table 9 Set up for dynamic laboratory OV component tests .17 Table 10 Truth table for leg injury correlation 19 Table 11 Information to be included in the simulation documentation.20 ISO 13232-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights res
13、erved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
14、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
15、matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are ci
16、rculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. ISO 13232-7 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 22, Motorcycles. This second edition cancels and replac
17、es the first version (ISO 13232-7:1996), which has been technically revised. ISO 13232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles: Part 1: Definitions, symbols and g
18、eneral considerations Part 2: Definition of impact conditions in relation to accident data Part 3: Motorcyclist anthropometric impact dummy Part 4: Variables to be measured, instrumentation and measurement procedures Part 5: Injury indices and risk/benefit analysis Part 6: Full-scale impact-test pro
19、cedures Part 7: Standardized procedures for performing computer simulations of motorcycle impact tests Part 8: Documentation and reports ISO 13232-7:2005(E) vi ISO 2005 All rights reservedIntroduction ISO 13232 has been prepared on the basis of existing technology. Its purpose is to define common re
20、search methods and a means for making an overall evaluation of the effect that devices which are fitted to motorcycles and intended for the crash protection of riders, have on injuries, when assessed over a range of impact conditions which are based on accident data. It is intended that all of the m
21、ethods and recommendations contained in ISO 13232 should be used in all basic feasibility research. However, researchers should also consider variations in the specified conditions (for example, rider size) when evaluating the overall feasibility of any protective device. In addition, researchers ma
22、y wish to vary or extend elements of the methodology in order to research issues which are of particular interest to them. In all such cases which go beyond the basic research, if reference is to be made to ISO 13232, a clear explanation of how the used procedures differ from the basic methodology s
23、hould be provided. ISO 13232 was prepared by ISO/TC 22/SC 22 at the request of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Group for Road Vehicle General Safety (UN/ECE/TRANS/SCI/WP29/GRSG), based on original working documents submitted by the International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association
24、 (IMMA), and comprising eight interrelated parts. This revision of ISO 13232 incorporates extensive technical amendments throughout all the parts, resulting from extensive experience with the standard and the development of improved research methods. In order to apply ISO 13232 properly, it is stron
25、gly recommended that all eight parts be used together, particularly if the results are to be published. ISO 13232-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 11 Scope The purposes of this part of ISO 13232 are to provide: conventions for calibrating and documenting the important features of the simulatio
26、n models; guidelines for definition and use of mathematical models for motorcycle impact simulations, which can be correlated against data for full-scale tests; a means for identifying possible additional impact conditions for full-scale testing; and a standardized tool, of optional use, for risk/be
27、nefit analysis of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles, based upon the population of impact conditions identified in ISO 13232-2. ISO 13232 specifies the minimum requirements for research into the feasibility of protective devices fitted to motorcycles, which are intended to protect
28、the rider in the event of a collision. ISO 13232 is applicable to impact tests involving: two-wheeled motorcycles; the specified type of opposing vehicle; either a stationary and a moving vehicle or two moving vehicles; for any moving vehicle, a steady speed and straight-line motion immediately prio
29、r to impact; one helmeted dummy in a normal seating position on an upright motorcycle; the measurement of the potential for specified types of injury by body region; evaluation of the results of paired impact tests (i.e. comparisons between motorcycles fitted and not fitted with the proposed devices
30、). ISO 13232 does not apply to testing for regulatory or legislative purposes. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13232-7:2005(E)Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 7: Standardized procedures for performing computer si
31、mulations of motorcycle impact tests 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved2 Normative references ISO 13232-1, Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 1: Definitions, symbols, and general considerations ISO 13232-2, Motorc
32、ycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 2: Definition of impact conditions in relation to accident data ISO 13232-3, Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitt
33、ed to motorcycles Part 3: Motorcyclist anthropometric impact dummy ISO 13232-4, Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 4: Variables to be measured, instrumentation, and measurement procedures ISO 13232-5, Motorcyc
34、les Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 5: Injury indices and risk/benefit analysis ISO 13232-6, Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part
35、 6: Full-scale impact test procedures ISO 13232-8, Motorcycles Test and analysis procedures for research evaluation of rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles Part 8: Documentation and reports 49 CFR Part 572, subpart E: 1993, Anthropomorphic test dummies, United States of America Code
36、of Federal Regulations issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Washington, D.C ISO 6487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 3 Definitions The following terms are defined in ISO 13232-1. For the purposes of this part of ISO 13232, those d
37、efinitions apply. Additional definitions which could apply to this part of ISO 13232 are listed in ISO 13232-1: body; failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA); maximum thickness; motion; risk/benefit analysis; overall evaluation; system. The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
38、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13232-7:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34 Requirements 4.1 Modelling The simulation model shall be ba
39、sed upon accepted laws and principles of physics and mechanics. The model shall consist of portions describing a motorcycle (MC) and the opposing vehicle (OV), as described in ISO 13232-6, the dummy, as described in ISO 13232-3, the dummy mounting position, joint tensions, and helmet, as described i
40、n ISO 13232-6, the protective device, if present, and the road surface. In the model, the following impact conditions shall be able to be varied, across the range of conditions described in Annex B of ISO 13232-2: MC impact speed; OV impact speed; MC contact point; OV contact point; relative heading
41、 angle. The model of the dummy should include the following bodies, at a minimum: a) helmeted head; b) neck; c) upper torso; d) lower torso; e) left and right: 1) upper legs; 2) lower legs; 3) feet; 4) upper arms; 5) lower arms; 6) hands. The model of the MC should include the following bodies at a
42、minimum: front wheel; rear wheel; main frame; upper front fork assembly; lower front fork assembly. ISO 13232-7:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved four unsprung assemblies; sprung body. The upper leg, knee, and lower leg bodies shall be modelled so that the bone fracture/knee dislocation kinemat
43、ics effects are simulated (e.g., resulting in reduced bending moment in the leg at the appropriate location after fracture). If any of the bodies listed in Tables 1 and 2 can fracture, the masses of the bodies resulting from the fracture shall be modelled. For a given MC/protective device combinatio
44、n, the same model formulation shall be used for all impact configurations. The only differences between a model of a MC with a protective device and a model of a MC without a protective device shall be in those portions directly related to the protective device. 4.2 Parameters For each body listed i
45、n 4.1, the parameter values used should correspond to the actual measured: mass; centre of gravity location; moments of inertia; principal axes orientations; joint locations; joint physical degrees of freedom; joint orientations; maximum thickness of each undeformed body. For a given MC/protective d
46、evice combination, the same parameter values shall be used for all impact configurations. All of the parameter values for a given MC/protective device combination shall correspond to the parameter values used to calibrate the simulation, as described in 4.5. The only difference between a parameter s
47、et for a MC with a protective device and a parameter set for a MC without a protective device shall be in those parameters directly related to the protective device. 4.3 Outputs Force, moment, and motion time histories which are compatible with the injury variables and injury indices listed in ISO 1
48、3232-5 shall be output to allow computation of the injury indices. The form shall be consistent with the full-scale test time histories documented as described in ISO 13232-8. The data shall be output and plotted at 0,001 s intervals for the time period up to but not including dummy to ground contac
49、t, or 0,500 s after the first MC/OV contact, whichever is sooner. Indication of frangible damage shall be output for all of the frangible components defined in ISO 13232-3, along with the time at which the damage occurred, for the time period described above. The damage shall be expressed as occurrence of component failure for each frangible femur, knee (varus valgus or torsion),
