1、 Reference number ISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12439 First edition 2010-02-01 Mixing water for concrete Eau de gchage pour bton ISO 12439:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed
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6、Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Classification of types of water .1 4 Requirements.2 5 S
7、ampling.4 6 Testing4 7 Test report6 Annex A (normative) Requirements for the use of water recovered from processes in the concrete industry 7 Annex B (informative) Testing scheme for mixing water for concrete10 Annex C (informative) Recommended test methods.13 Bibliography14 ISO 12439:2010(E) iv ISO
8、 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested i
9、n a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commis
10、sion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical
11、 committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall
12、 not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12439 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 3, Concrete production and execution of concrete structures. ISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights
13、 reserved vIntroduction The quality of the mixing water for production of concrete can influence the setting time, the strength development of concrete and the protection of the reinforcement against corrosion. When assessing the suitability of water of unknown quality for the production of concrete
14、, it is necessary to consider both the composition of the water and the application of the concrete being produced. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Mixing water for concrete 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for water that is suitab
15、le for making concrete in accordance with ISO 22965 (all parts) and describes methods for assessing its suitability. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated ref
16、erences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete Part 3: Making and curing test specimens ISO 1920-4, Testing of concrete Part 4: Strength of hardened concrete ISO 7890-1, Water quality Determination of nitrate Part 1: 2,6-Dim
17、ethylphenol spectrometric method ISO 29581-1, Cement Test methods Part 1: Analysis by wet chemistry ISO 22965-1, Concrete Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier ISO 22965-2, Concrete Part 2: Specification of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concre
18、te 3 Classification of types of water 3.1 General In general, the suitability of water for the production of concrete depends upon its origin. The types given in 3.2 to 3.7 can be distinguished. 3.2 Potable water This water is considered as suitable for use in concrete. Such water needs no testing.
19、3.3 Water recovered from processes in the concrete industry This water, defined in A.2.1, is normally suitable for use in concrete, but shall be in accordance with the requirements of Annex A. 3.4 Water from underground sources This water can be suitable for use in concrete, but shall be tested. ISO
20、 12439:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.5 Natural surface water and industrial waste water This water can be suitable for use in concrete, but shall be tested. 3.6 Sea water or brackish water This water may be used for concrete without reinforcement or other embedded metal but is, in general,
21、 not suitable for the production of reinforced concrete. It shall not be used for the production of pre-stressed concrete. For concrete with steel reinforcement or embedded metal, the permitted total chloride content in the concrete is the determining factor; see 4.3.1. 3.7 Sewage water This water i
22、s not suitable for use in concrete. 4 Requirements 4.1 General Water for use in concrete shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3. The water shall also be in accordance with either the chemical requirements in 4.3.4, or with the requirements for setting time and co
23、mpressive strength in 4.4. Water supplied as potable water is deemed to conform to the requirements in this International Standard. When waters are mixed (see A.2.2), the requirements apply to the combined water. 4.2 Preliminary assessment The water shall be examined in accordance with the test proc
24、edures stated in Table 1. Water not in accordance with one or more of the requirements in Table 1 may be used only if it can be shown to be suitable for use in concrete in accordance with 4.4. 4.3 Chemical properties 4.3.1 Chlorides The chloride content of the water, tested in accordance with 6.1.3
25、and expressed as Cl , shall not exceed the levels given in Table 2, unless it can be shown that the chloride content of the concrete does not exceed the maximum value permitted for the total chloride content; see ISO 22965-2. ISO 22965-2 recommends that limits for the total chloride content in concr
26、ete be given in a national annex to ISO 22965-2. The values may be different depending on the end use. It can be necessary to amend the recommended values in Table 2 to fit with the limits for the total chloride content. ISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Requirements and test p
27、rocedures for preliminary inspection of mixing water Number Parameter Requirement Test procedure 1 Oils and fats Not more than visible traces 6.1.1 2 Detergents Any foam should disappear within 2 min. 6.1.1 3 Colour Water not from sources classified as potable (3.2): the colour shall be assessed qua
28、litatively as pale yellow or paler 6.1.1 Water from sources classified as potable (3.2) A.4.4 4 Suspended matter Water from other sources: max. 4 ml of sediment 6.1.1 Water from sources classified as potable (3.2): no smell, except the odour allowed for potable water and a slight smell of cement; wh
29、ere blast-furnace slag is present in the water, a slight smell of hydrogen sulfide 5 Odour Water from other sources: no smell, except the odour allowed for potable water; no smell of hydrogen sulfide after addition of hydrochloric acid. 6.1.1 6 Acids pH W 5 6.1.1 7 Humic matter The colour shall be a
30、ssessed qualitatively as yellowish brown or paler after addition of NaOH. 6.1.2 Table 2 Maximum recommended values for the chloride content of mixing water End use Chloride concentration max. mg/l Test procedure Pre-stressed concrete or grout 500 Concrete with reinforcement or embedded metal 1 000 6
31、.1.3 Concrete without reinforcement or embedded metal 4 500 4.3.2 Sulfates The sulfate content of the water, tested in accordance with 6.1.3 and expressed as 2 4 SO , shall not exceed 2 000 mg/l. 4.3.3 Alkali If it is expected to use alkali-reactive aggregates in the concrete and the exposure condit
32、ions of the concrete can promote deleterious alkali-related reactions to occur, the water shall be tested for its alkali content in accordance with 6.1.3. The equivalent sodium oxide content of the water shall not exceed 1 500 mg/l, unless it can be shown that the alkali content of the concrete does
33、 not exceed the maximum value recommended. If these limits are exceeded, the water may be used only if it can be shown that actions have been taken to prevent deleterious alkali-silica reactions. NOTE Guidance can be found in technical literature, such as CEN CR 1901. ISO 12439:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 Al
34、l rights reserved4.3.4 Harmful contamination In the first instance, qualitative tests for sugars, phosphates, nitrates, lead and zinc may be carried out. If the qualitative tests show a positive result, either the quantity of the substance concerned shall be determined or tests for setting time and
35、compressive strength shall be performed. If chemical analysis is chosen, the water shall conform to the limits given in Table 3. Table 3 Requirements for harmful substances Substance Maximum concentration mg/l Test procedure Sugars 100 Phosphates; expressed as P 2 O 5100 3 Nitrates; expressed as NO
36、500 6.1.3 Lead; expressed as Pb 2+100 Zinc; expressed as Zn 2+100 4.4 Setting time and strength When tested in accordance with 6.1.4, the initial setting time obtained on paste samples made with the water shall be not less than 1 h and not differ by more than 25 % from the initial setting time obtai
37、ned on specimens made with distilled or de-ionized water. The final setting time shall not exceed 10 h and not differ by more than 25 % from the final setting time obtained on specimens made with distilled or de-ionized water. Potable water may be used, provided it has been demonstrated that it give
38、s results similar to those obtained with distilled or de-ionized water. The mean compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days of the concrete or mortar specimens prepared with the water shall be at least 90 % of the mean compressive strength of corresponding specimens prepared with distilled or de-ion
39、ized water. 5 Sampling A sample of water of not less than 5 l shall be taken. The sample shall be correctly identified and shall be representative of the water being used, with due regard being given to the possible effects of seasonal fluctuations. The sample shall be stored in a clean and sealed c
40、ontainer. The container shall be rinsed out with water from the source prior to filling to capacity with the water sample. The water shall be tested within two weeks of sampling. 6 Testing 6.1 Test methods 6.1.1 Preliminary assessment A small subsample shall be assessed as soon as possible after sam
41、pling for oil and fats, detergents, colour, suspended matter, odour and humic matter. ISO 12439:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 5Bring any material that has settled back into suspension by shaking the sample. Pour 80 ml of the sample into a 100 ml measuring cylinder. Seal with a suitable stoppe
42、r and shake the cylinder vigorously for 30 s. Smell the sample for any odours other than those of clean water. If in doubt about the odour, test the water for its odour level in accordance with national regulations for potable water. The odour level of the water shall be lower than the maximum level
43、 accepted for potable water. Observe the surface for foam. Set the cylinder in a place free from vibration and allow to stand for 30 min. After 2 min, check the sample for the continuing presence of foam and signs of any oils or fats. After 30 min have elapsed, observe the apparent volume of the set
44、tled solids and the colour of the water. Measure the pH using indicator paper or a pH meter. Then, add 0,5 ml hydrochloric acid, mix and then smell or test for the presence of hydrogen sulfide. 6.1.2 Humic matter Put 5 ml of the sample into a test tube. Bring it to a temperature between 15 C and 25
45、C by allowing it to stand indoors. Add 5 ml of 3 % sodium hydroxide solution, shake and leave for 1 h. Observe the colour. 6.1.3 Chemical tests The following test methods describe the reference procedures for the mentioned chemical tests. If other methods are used, it is necessary to show that they
46、give results equivalent to those given by the reference methods. In case of a dispute, only the reference procedures shall be used: chlorides in accordance with ISO 29581-1; sulfates in accordance with ISO 29581-1; alkali in accordance with ISO 29581-1; sugars in accordance with standards valid in t
47、he place of use; phosphates in accordance with standards valid in the place of use; nitrates in accordance with ISO 7890-1; lead in accordance with standards valid in the place of use; zinc in accordance with standards valid in the place of use. 6.1.4 Setting time and strength The following test met
48、hods shall be applied: setting time of paste in accordance with standards valid in the place of use; strength of mortar prisms in accordance with standards valid in the place of use; making concrete specimens in accordance with standards valid in the place of use or with ISO 1920-3; testing concrete
49、 specimens in accordance with standards valid in the place of use or with ISO 1920-4. Methods given in EN 196-1 and EN 196-3 may be used as an alternative. For strength testing, three mortar or concrete specimens made using the water under investigation shall be tested. The test results shall be compared with the results of tests on similar specimens made using distilled or de-ionized water. ISO 12439:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reserved6.2 Frequency for testing The following frequencies
