1、 Reference numberISO 12052:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO12052First edition2006-11-01Health informatics Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) including workflow and data managementInformatique de sant Imagerie numrique et communication dans la mdecine (DICOM) incluant le d
2、roulement des oprations et la gestion des donnes ISO 12052:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed
3、 on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products
4、used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, pleas
5、e inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing
6、from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 12052:2006
7、(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Symbols and abbreviations . 2 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Provisions 2 4.2 Conformance. 2 5 Overview of the content of the DICOM standard. 2 5.1 Document structure 2 5.2 PS 3.2: Conformance
8、 3 5.3 PS 3.3: Information Object Definitions . 5 5.4 PS 3.4: Service Class Specifications 5 5.5 PS 3.5: Data Structure and Semantics 6 5.6 PS 3.6: Data Dictionary. 6 5.7 PS 3.7: Message Exchange 6 5.8 PS 3.8: Network Communication Support for Message Exchange . 7 5.9 PS 3.9: Retired (Formerly Point
9、-to-Point Communication Support for Message Exchange) . 7 5.10 PS 3.10 Media Storage and File Format 7 5.11 PS 3.11: Media Storage Application Profiles . 8 5.12 PS 3.12: Storage Functions and Media Formats for Data Interchange . 9 5.13 PS 3.13: Retired (Formerly Print Management Point-to-point Commu
10、nication Support) . 9 5.14 PS 3.14: Grayscale Standard Display Function. 9 5.15 PS 3.15: Security and System Management Profiles 10 5.16 PS 3.16: Content Mapping Resource 10 5.17 PS 3.17: Explanatory Information . 10 5.18 PS 3.18: Web Access to DICOM Persistent Objects (WADO). 10 Bibliography . 11 I
11、SO 12052:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each m
12、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
13、Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards a
14、dopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
15、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12052 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics. ISO 12052:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vIntroduction ACR (the American College of Radiology) and NEMA (the National Ele
16、ctrical Manufacturers Association) formed a joint committee in 1983 to develop a Standard for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. The third release of this work received the name DICOM, for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. This DICOM Standard was developed according to the
17、 NEMA Procedures in liaison with other Standardization Organizations including ISO/TC/215, CEN TC251 in Europe and JIRA in Japan, with review also by other organizations including IEEE, HL7 and ANSI in the USA. Several countries have been actively involved in the development of the DICOM Standard in
18、 particular Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States of America. Contributions were received from more than 20 other countries. DICOM is used in most healthcare institutions worldwide where patient imaging is performed. Most imaging devices and imaging related infor
19、mation systems products support it. Within health informatics, this International Standard addresses the exchange of digital images and related information between both medical imaging equipment and systems concerned with the management of that information. This International Standard facilitates in
20、teroperability of systems claiming conformance. In particular, it: addresses the semantics of commands and associated data; for devices and systems to interact, there must be standards on how they are expected to behave in response to commands and associated data, not just the information which is t
21、o be moved between devices and systems; is explicit in defining the conformance requirements of implementations of this International Standard; in particular, a conformance statement has to specify enough information to determine the functions for which interoperability can be expected with another
22、system claiming conformance; facilitates operation in a networked environment and in the area of media interchange; is structured to accommodate the introduction of new services, thus facilitating support for future medical imaging applications. Even though this International Standard has largely fa
23、cilitated the implementations of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) solutions and integrated digital imaging departments, use of this International Standard alone does not guarantee that all the goals of such solutions will be met. This International Standard facilitates interoperabi
24、lity of systems claiming conformance in a multi-vendor environment, but does not, by itself, guarantee interoperability. This International Standard has been developed with an emphasis on diagnostic medical imaging as practiced in radiology, cardiology and other imaging disciplines. INTERNATIONAL ST
25、ANDARD ISO 12052:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Health informatics Digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) including workflow and data management 1 Scope Within the field of health informatics this International Standard addresses the exchange of digital images, and information
26、related to the production and management of those images, between both medical imaging equipment and systems concerned with the management and communication of that information. This International Standard is intended to facilitate interoperability of medical imaging equipment and information system
27、s by specifying: a set of protocols to be followed by systems claiming conformance to this International Standard. the syntax and semantics of commands and associated information data models that ensure effective communication between implementations of this International Standard; information that
28、shall be supplied with an implementation for which conformance to this International Standard is claimed. This International Standard does not specify: the implementation details of any features of this International Standard on a device or systems for which conformance is claimed; the overall set o
29、f features and functions to be expected from a larger system implemented by integrating a group of devices and systems each claiming conformance to this International Standard; a testing/validation procedure to assess an implementations conformance to this International Standard. Within health infor
30、matics, both medical imaging systems and equipment concerned with the management and communication of medical image data may also be required to interoperate with systems in other areas of health informatics. The communication of these data with these other areas may be in the scope of other standar
31、ds. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in DICOM Standard, PS 3 apply. ISO 12052:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. ACSE Association Control Service E
32、lement DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine OSI Open Systems Interconnection PACS Picture Archiving and Communication Systems TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 4 Requirements 4.1 Provisions This International Standard references, normatively and in its entirety,
33、the publicly available specification known as the “Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard, PS 3“. 4.2 Conformance A claim of conformance to this International Standard, with regard to a given product shall only be valid when supported by a DICOM Conformance Statement written
34、 in accordance with the provisions of the DICOM Standard, PS 3.2 (Part 2) which includes, but is not limited to, a list of all data IOD items communicated by the product and confirmation that their content conforms to the specifications of DICOM PS 3. 5 Overview of the content of the DICOM standard
35、5.1 Document structure DICOM consists of the following parts: PS 3.1: Part 1: Introduction and Overview PS 3.2: Part 2: Conformance PS 3.3: Part 3: Information Object Definitions PS 3.4: Part 4: Service Class Specifications PS 3.5: Part 5: Data Structure and Semantics PS 3.6: Part 6: Data Dictionary
36、 PS 3.7: Part 7: Message Exchange PS 3.8: Part 8: Network Communication Support for Message Exchange PS 3.9: Retired PS 3.10: Part 10: Media Storage and File Format for Data Interchange PS 3.11: Part 11: Media Storage Application Profiles ISO 12052:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3PS 3.12: Part
37、 12: Media Formats and Physical Media for Data Interchange PS 3.13: Retired PS 3.14 Part 14: Grayscale Standard Display Function PS 3.15: Part 15: Security and Systems Management Profiles PS 3.16: Part 16: Content Mapping Resource PS 3.17: Part 17: Explanatory Material PS 3.18: Part 18: Web Access t
38、o persistent DICOM Objects These parts of the DICOM Standard are related but independent documents. A brief description of each part is provided in 5.2 to 5.18. DICOM Standard, PS 3 is available in print or in electronic form from the DICOM web site at: http:/dicom.nema.org/. 5.2 PS 3.2: Conformance
39、 PS 3.2 of the DICOM Standard defines principles that implementations claiming conformance to that Standard shall follow. Conformance requirements: PS 3.2 specifies the general requirements which shall be met by any implementation claiming conformance. It references the conformance sections of other
40、 parts of the Standard. Conformance statement: PS 3.2 defines the structure of a conformance statement. It specifies the information which shall be present in a conformance statement. It references the conformance statement sections of other parts of the Standard. PS 3.2 does not specify a testing/v
41、alidation procedure to assess an implementations conformance to the Standard. Figures 1 and 2 depict the construction process for a conformance statement for both network communication and media exchange. A conformance statement consists of the following parts: set of information objects, which is r
42、ecognized by this implementation; set of service classes, which this implementation supports; set of communications protocols or physical media, which this implementation supports; set of security measures, which this implementation supports. ISO 12052:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedFigure 1
43、Construction process for a network conformance statement Figure 2 Construction process for a media conformance statement ISO 12052:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 55.3 PS 3.3: Information Object Definitions PS 3.3 of the DICOM Standard specifies a number of Information Object Classes which prov
44、ide an abstract definition of real-world entities applicable to communication of digital medical images and related information (e.g., waveforms, structured reports, radiation therapy dose, etc.). Each Information Object Class definition consists of a description of its purpose and the Attributes wh
45、ich define it. An Information Object Class does not include the values for the Attributes which comprise its definition. Two types of Information Object Class are defined: normalized and composite. Normalized Information Object Classes include only those attributes inherent in the real-world entity
46、represented. For example the study Information Object Class, which is defined as normalized, contains study date and study time Attributes because they are inherent in an actual study. Patient name, however, is not an attribute of the study Information Object Class because it is inherent in the pati
47、ent on which the study was performed and not the study itself. Composite Information Object Classes may additionally include Attributes which are related to but not inherent in the real-world entity. For example, the Computed Tomography Image Information Object Class, which is defined as composite,
48、contains both attributes which are inherent in the image (e.g. image date) and attributes which are related to but not inherent in the image (e.g. patient name). Composite Information Object Classes provide a structured framework for expressing the communication requirements of images where image da
49、ta and related data need to be closely associated. To simplify the Information Object Class definitions, the attributes of each Information Object Class are partitioned with similar attributes being grouped together. These groupings of attributes are specified as independent modules and may be re-used by other Composite Information Object Classes. PS 3.3 defines a model of the real-world along with the corresponding information model that is reflected in the Information Object Definition
