1、 Reference number ISO 11142:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11142 First edition 2005-06-15 Micrographics Colour microfilm Application of the exposure technique to prepare line originals and continuous-tone originals Micrographie Microfilm en couleurs Application de la technique dexpositio
2、n pour prparer des originaux au trait et des originaux en demi-ton ISO 11142:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are license
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5、it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without perm
6、ission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights rese
7、rvedISO 11142:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Exposure technique 2 4 Originals made on uncoloured material (drafting paper, transparent paper, drafting foils) for recording on colour microfilm. 2 5 Test charts. 4 6 Evaluatio
8、n of reproductions of the original test charts on colour microfilm. 9 Annex A (informative) Test chart 11 Bibliography . 14 ISO 11142:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO m
9、ember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governm
10、ental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Dir
11、ectives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bo
12、dies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11142 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 171, Document management ap
13、plications, Subcommittee SC 2, Application issues. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11142:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Micrographics Colour microfilm Application of the exposure technique to prepare line originals and continuous-tone originals 1 Scope This International Standard applies the expo
14、sure technique to the preparation of line originals and test charts, to their exposure on film including the necessary test originals (see Clause 5) and to the evaluation of test exposures on colour microfilm. In addition, this International Standard applies to the exposure technique and the evaluat
15、ion of available continuous-tone originals, ready to be microfilmed (see Annex A). This International Standard is intended to contribute to a reproducible colour rendition with respect to the original. As far as process control is concerned, the film manufacturers recommendation should be observed.
16、This International Standard does not take into account the influences of projection characteristics of microfilm readers on the subjective impression of projected colour microfilms. NOTE For viewing colour microfilms, the translucent screens of microfilm readers should be neutral grey (see Annex A).
17、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5-3:1995, Photography
18、 Density measurements Part 3: Spectral conditions ISO 105-A01:1994, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A01: General principles of testing ISO 128, Technical drawings General principles of presentation ISO 216:1975, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter Trimmed sizes A and B series
19、 ISO 446:2004, Micrographics ISO character and ISO test chart No. 1 Description and use ISO 2469:1994, Paper, board and pulps Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor ISO 3334:1989, Micrographics ISO resolution test chart No. 2 Description and use ISO 3664:2000, Viewing conditions Graphic technolog
20、y and photography ISO 10550:1994, Micrographics Planetary camera systems Test target for checking performance CIE 15.2, Colorimetry ISO 11142:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3 Exposure technique 3.1 Introduction to exposure technique The exposure technique and the copying procedure have great
21、influence on the colour quality of the end product. Therefore, the conditions listed in 3.2 to 3.6 for the colour temperature of the illuminating lamp, the spectral characteristics of the exposure lens, the basic filtration and other influences shall be fulfilled. 3.2 Illumination of the original Th
22、e original shall be illuminated by light of constant intensity and having a distribution temperature of 3 200 K to 3 400 K, because colour microfilm is adjusted to a colour temperature of 3 200 K (see also 3.4). 3.3 Exposure lenses All lenses used for exposing colour microfilms shall be colour-corre
23、cted. 3.4 Exposure The exposure shall only be adjusted by modifying the exposure time, but not by changing the lamp current. Cameras for colour microfilming shall be equipped with a shutter, which allows adjustment of the exposure time. NOTE Changing the lamp current would result in a shift of the d
24、istribution temperature. 3.5 Filtration The adaptation of the lamps to the distribution temperature specified in 3.2 shall be made by means of correction filters placed over the light source. If it is necessary to adjust the colour microfilm to the illumination of the original, this can be done by p
25、lacing suitable conversion filters over the exposure lens. 3.6 Stray light When exposing colour microfilm, stray light falling on to the original shall be avoided. NOTE A variety of methods may be used depending on the stray light source; e.g. placing a black curtain around the microfilming installa
26、tion can aid in avoiding light from sources other than the one used to illuminate the original. Other examples of stray light include light reflected from objects and from the clothing of the personnel operating the microfilming installation. 3.7 Copy board The copy board to hold the original shall
27、have a dark and non-reflecting surface. 4 Originals made on uncoloured material (drafting paper, transparent paper, drafting foils) for recording on colour microfilm 4.1 Colour of the material 4.1.1 General The selected material shall have a spectral reflectance factor R 457= 5 0 (80 ) %. +ISO 11142
28、:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 R 457means that the spectral reflectance factor R is measured at the wavelength 457 nm. This measurement is made with standard illuminant A (see ISO 2469). 4.1.2 Transparent paper or drafting paper If originals on transparent paper or drafting paper are placed
29、 on a sheet of white paper for microfilming in reflected light, it shall be considered that the light passes through the original twice. Thus, the background may reproduce on the colour microfilm with a distinct colour cast. 4.1.3 Glass plate Frequently the originals curl. Therefore it is necessary
30、to place a glass plate over the original. This can produce a colour shift. 4.2 Colour of inks and pencils To ensure the subjective separation of the individual hues on the colour microfilm, all inks, drafting inks and coloured pencils used to prepare the originals shall be those listed in Table 1, h
31、aving a colour difference of E * abu 4, in accordance with CIE 15.2. The same colours shall be used to prepare originals by means of plotters. The colour rendition of inks, drafting inks and coloured pencils shall be evaluated subjectively, but shall be recorded objectively through measures. To ensu
32、re adequate colour separation even when microfilming at a later date, the colours shall not fade when exposed to light or in dark storage (see also ISO 105-A01). It is recommended to obtain information on storage properties from the manufacturer of inks, drafting inks and coloured pencils. Currently
33、 there is no information available on colour toners used in non-photographic processes and laser printers. Table 1 Colour names and characteristic colour numbers (as guidelines) for illumination with standard illuminant D65 for the 2 standard colorimetric observer Colour name Blue (B) Green (G) Red
34、(R) Yellow (y) Magenta (m) Brown (bn) Characteristic colour coordinates aT:S:D Parameter 17:5:2 23:5:2 8:6:2 1:6:1 13:3:3 5:3:5 Standard chromaticity bx 0,188 0,314 0,533 0,426 0,276 0,419 Coordinates by 0,202 0,455 0,314 0,48 0,221 0,364 Colorimetric value bY 16,6 41,9 16,9 61,9 14,7 9,8 NOTE Altho
35、ugh cyan is one of the negative colours in colour photography, it is not used in this International Standard because in reproduction it can easily be mistaken for blue. Cyan was therefore replaced by brown. aT = hue number; S = saturation degree; D = darkness degree of brightness. bFor definitions,
36、see CIE 15.2. ISO 11142:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.3 Colours for ink pads Colours for ink pads may be used if they fulfil the conditions of 4.2. 4.4 Colour ribbons Colour ribbons used to type text into originals shall be of the single-use type, e.g. one-way carbon ribbons. Fabric ribbon
37、s shall not be used. 4.5 Presentation of details in newly prepared continuous-tone originals Coloured details on newly prepared continuous-tone originals (image elements, writings, etc.) shall be made larger than comparable black-and-white elements in order to ensure legibility. If this is not the c
38、ase for a continuous-tone original already present, the legibility may be reduced or the size of the copy made has to be changed, e.g. by microfilming only part of the original. 4.6 Width of lines and characters The width of lines and characters on originals to be colour microfilmed shall meet the r
39、equirements of ISO 128. 4.7 Uniformly coloured areas Uniform colour areas of the original shall be represented by coloured cross-hatchings. 4.8 Adhesive foils Adhesive foils with or without information (e.g. cross-hatching, arrows, etc.) may be used. 5 Test charts 5.1 Test chart S for line originals
40、 on uncoloured paper 5.1.1 General The elements of the test chart are specified in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5. 5.1.2 Size and material The size of the test chart is A4, in accordance with ISO 216. The spectral reflectance factor R 457of the material is defined in 4.1, the layout in Figure 1. The test chart shal
41、l be kept in a dust-free and light-tight sleeve. ISO 11142:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Original test chart S 5.1.3 Colour patches and grey patches There are nine patches, each measuring 64 mm, to check colour rendition and contrast. Six patches are colou
42、red blue (B), green (G), red (R), yellow (y), magenta (m), brown (bn). See also 4.2. Three patches are neutral grey, having spectral reflectance factors R 457= (9 1) %, (50 3) % and 5 0 (80 ) % + . At a reduction ratio 1:24, the test patches with the dimension of 64 mm will be reproduced on the micr
43、ofilm with a dimension of 2,66 mm. In this case, a measuring aperture of 2,4 mm diameter shall be chosen. NOTE 1 The sequence B-G-R should be respected because colour-densitometric evaluations are usually performed in this sequence and the colours are not always mentioned when quoting colour values.
44、 NOTE 2 When selecting the reduction ratio of the microfilm reproduction (see also 5.1.5), it should be remembered that the diameter of the measuring aperture of the colour densitometer must, for technical reasons, be somewhat smaller than the patch to be measured on the microfilm. 5.1.4 Groups of t
45、est symbols 5.1.4.1 General There are two ISO characters available for measuring the quality produced on the microfilm, ISO character No. 1 and ISO character No. 2. ISO 11142:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved5.1.4.2 ISO character No. 1 Ten groups of ISO characters are arranged on the test origi
46、nal for subjectively assessing the sharpness of the microfilming (see Figure 2). These are combinations of the ISO character No. 1 specified in ISO 446. Each group of characters is identified by a characteristic number for the ISO character No. 1 specified in ISO 446. The sizes are arranged accordin
47、g to 1: 2 . 280 - 200 - 140 - 100 - 71 5.1.4.3 ISO character No. 2 Two groups of resolution test patterns are arranged on the test original for objective measurements of the resolution. These are combinations of the ISO resolution test pattern No. 2 in accordance with ISO 3334. Each group of resolut
48、ion test patterns is identified by a characteristic number for the ISO resolution test pattern No. 2. The sizes are arranged close to 1: 2. 1,25 - 1,8 - 2,5 - 3,6 - 5 5.1.4.4 Relationship between the two groups of test symbols The structure of ISO character No. 1 contains 3,5 line pairs (LP). Table
49、2 gives the relationship between characteristic numbers of ISO character No. 1 and ISO resolution test pattern No. 2. The steps in the range of ISO test symbols with different dimensions in ISO character No. 1 and ISO resolution test pattern No. 2 are adapted to each other. (ISO character No. 1 is equal to 3,5 LP, see Table 2.) Table 2 Relationship between the two groups of ISO test symbols Characteristic numbers of ISO character No. 1 Characteristic numbers of ISO resolution test pattern No.
