1、 Reference number ISO 10984-2:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10984-2 First edition 2009-08-15 Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners Part 2: Determination of embedding strength Structures en bois lments de fixation de type cheville Partie 2: Dtermination des valeurs de rsistance des scel
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7、2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Requirements 2 6 Test method. 2 7 Test report . 11 Bibliography . 12 ISO 10984-2:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForewo
8、rd ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technic
9、al committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of el
10、ectrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to t
11、he member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
12、entifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10984-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 165, Timber structures. ISO 10984 consists of the following parts, under the general title Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners: Part 1: Determination of yield moment Part 2: Determination of embedding
13、strength ISO 10984-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Introduction Dowel-type fasteners are those mechanical fasteners that are most widely used for timber structures. Their characteristics, such as yield moment, have a great effect on the mechanical performance of joints made with dowel-type
14、fasteners under loads. The purpose of this part of ISO 10984 is to define methods to measure the embedding strength for fasteners as one of the basic parameters to interpret the behaviour of joints under loads. The requirements are necessary to replicate the same conditions as those for timber struc
15、tures in the field. Loads can be applied to the specimen either by compression or tension, whichever is relevant. This part of ISO 10984 is based on EN 383 and ASTM D5764. ISO 10984-1 provides the test method to obtain other basic information on the behaviour of mechanical joints under loads. INTERN
16、ATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10984-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners Part 2: Determination of embedding strength 1 Scope This part of ISO 10984 specifies laboratory methods for determining the embedding strength of solid timber, glued laminated timber and wood-b
17、ased sheet products with dowel-type fasteners. Descriptors: timber construction, fasteners, nails (fasteners), bolts, tests, compression tests, determination, compressive strength. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For d
18、ated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3130, Wood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests ISO 3131, Wood Determination of density for physical and mecha
19、nical tests 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dowel-type fastener bolt, nail, screw, dowel or the like with plain or patterned surfaces 3.2 embedding strength average compressive stress at maximum load in a piece of timber or wo
20、od-based sheet product under the action of a stiff linear fastener NOTE The fasteners axis is perpendicular to the surface of the timber. The fastener is loaded perpendicular to its axis. 3.3 maximum load Maximum load measured before the deformation of the specimen has reached the deformation limit
21、equal to (w 0+ 5) mm 3.4 Fastener section dimension 3.4.1 fastener section dimension plain round or profiled fastener diameter of the shank without coating ISO 10984-2:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.4.2 fastener section dimension square fastener length of one side of the section 3.4.3 faste
22、ner section dimension oval or rectangular fastener minimum dimension of the section 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms d fastener section dimension, expressed in millimetres F load, expressed in newtons F maxmaximum load, expressed in newtons F max,estestimated maximum load, expressed in newtons f hemb
23、edding strength, expressed in newtons per square millimetre f h,estestimated embedding strength, expressed in newtons per square millimetre K eelastic foundation modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre K iinitial foundation modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre K sfoundation
24、modulus, expressed in newtons per cubic millimetre t test piece thickness, expressed in millimetres w indentation or deformation, expressed in millimetres w eelastic deformation, expressed in millimetres w iinitial deformation, expressed in millimetres w i,modmodified initial deformation, expressed
25、in millimetres w 0deformation of the test apparatus at any given load, expressed in millimetres 5 Requirements The fasteners and the timber, glued laminated timber or wood-based sheet product shall be, as far as possible, of the quality allowed by the relevant material specification. 6 Test method 6
26、.1 Principle The test shall be carried out on the test piece and using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. The fastener shall be uniformly embedded along its length into the wood without significant bending of the fastener. If it is difficult to avoid bending the fastener under test using the apparatus
27、 shown in Figure 1, the apparatus shown in Figure 2 may be used for tests. ISO 10984-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 The fastener shall be loaded perpendicular to its axis through the steel loading apparatus, and the load and the corresponding indentation or deformation shall be measured; s
28、ee Figures 1 and 2. The loading may be either in tension see Figures 1 and 3 a), or in compression; see Figures 2 and 3 b). For solid timber and solid, laminated or composite wood products with only one grain direction, the loading may be either parallel to the grain see Figures 3 a) and 3 b) or com
29、pression perpendicular to the grain; see Figure 3 c). NOTE The principles of this part of ISO 10984 can be used for other angles between the load and the grain. 6.2 Test pieces The test piece is a rectangular prism of wood or wood-based sheet product with a fastener placed with its axis perpendicula
30、r to the surface of the prismatic test piece. The minimum sizes of the test pieces are given in Table 1. The thickness shall be in the range 5d to 4d. NOTE The reason for this requirement is to ensure a uniform embedment stress distribution over the longitudinal axis of the fastener. Particularly in
31、 using high density material, this is of concern. For wood-based sheet products, the thickness of the test piece shall be the thickness of the panel as produced. For the fasteners with coatings, the coatings shall be removed before measuring the diameter and carrying out the tests. Key 1 steel appar
32、atus 2 fastener 3 displacement gauge attached to the test piece 4 test piece Figure 1 Tension test principle ISO 10984-2:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 steel apparatus 2 fastener 3 displacement gauge attached to the test piece 4 test piece Figure 2 Compression test principle a) For tens
33、ion-parallel-to-grain test b) For compression-parallel- to-grain test c) For compression- perpendicular-to-grain test (as shown in Figure 1) (as shown in Figure 2) (as shown in Figure 2) Key 1 grain direction or one of the main directions of wood-based sheet products 2 loading direction Figure 3 Siz
34、es of test pieces as specified in Table 1 ISO 10984-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5 Table 1 Minimum sizes of test pieces Nails Measurement aNot pre-bored Pre-bored Bolts or dowels Test piece material a 1l 1l 25d 20d 40d 5d 12d 40d 3d 7d 30d Timber or wood-based sheet products a 2l 35d 20d 5
35、d 20d 5d 20d bTimber or layered wood products with one grain direction aMeasurements given in Figure 3 are dependent on d, which is defined in Clause 4. bThis measurement may be reduced to 15d for bolts having diameters greater than 5 mm or 10d for dowels having diameters greater than 10 mm. 6.3 App
36、aratus 6.3.1 Test apparatus, designed to minimize friction between steel plates and test pieces, including equipment for measuring the geometry, moisture content, etc. of the test pieces, together with the following, shall be available. 6.3.1.1 Loading equipment, capable of applying and continuously
37、 recording the load to an accuracy of 1 % of the load applied to the test piece or, for loads less than 10 % of the maximum load applied to the piece, with an accuracy of 0,1 % of the maximum load. 6.3.1.2 Equipment, capable of continuously recording the displacement of the fasteners in the wood wit
38、h an accuracy of 1 % of the displacement or, for displacements of less than 2 mm, with an accuracy of 0,03 mm. 6.4 Preparation of test pieces Before placing the fastener, the wood material shall be conditioned to constant mass in an environment having a relative humidity of (65 5) % and a temperatur
39、e of (20 2) . After fabrication, the test piece shall be conditioned again in the same environment. Constant mass is considered as having been attained when the results of two successive weighings, carried out 6 h apart, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the test piece. For particular
40、investigations, it can be appropriate to condition the test piece to other moisture conditions both before and after placing the fastener. If other climatic conditions are used, they shall be reported. In tropical climates, the wood material may be conditioned in an environment having a relative hum
41、idity of (65 5) % and a temperature of (25 2) . 6.5 Procedure 6.5.1 Apparatus calibration Initially, if relevant, the stiffness characteristic of the test apparatus may be determined to calibrate the load and deformation curve (see 6.6.2). To determine the stiffness characteristic of the test appara
42、tus, a steel specimen with a tight-fitting pin of the same diameter as the fastener shall be placed in the apparatus and the load and deformation curve shall be determined as described in 6.5.6 and 6.5.7. NOTE See Figure 8 for correction of the load and deformation curve taking into account the stif
43、fness characteristics of the loading apparatus. ISO 10984-2:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reserved6.5.2 Placement of fastener The diameter of the fastener and the thickness of the test piece shall be measured and recorded in millimetres to an accuracy of 1 %. The fasteners shall be placed in the sam
44、e way as they are used in practice (e.g. pre-boring or no pre-boring for nails, tight-fitting holes for dowels, oversized holes for bolts). A guide may be used to ensure that the axis of the fastener is perpendicular to the surface of the test piece. 6.5.3 Placement of test piece in apparatus The te
45、st piece shall be placed symmetrically in the test apparatus. For tension tests and compression-parallel- to-the-grain tests, the load shall be applied in the direction of the grain of the test piece. For compression- perpendicular-to-the-grain tests, the load shall be applied perpendicular to the g
46、rain of the test piece. 6.5.4 Transducer location The relative displacement of the dowel-type fastener with respect to the test specimen shall be measured between the steel apparatus that holds the dowel and the points on the side faces of the specimens, at the level of the centreline of the dowel.
47、Displacement transducers shall be placed on opposite edges. NOTE 1 For the compression test as given in Figure 2, measurement of the machine cross-head movement is an adequate method of recording the embedment of the fastener. NOTE 2 Examples of test set ups are given in Figures 1 and 2. 6.5.5 Estim
48、ation of maximum load The estimated maximum load, F max,est , shall be determined on the basis of experience, calculation or preliminary tests. The estimations may be adjusted as described in 6.6.3. 6.5.6 Application of load The loading procedure as shown in Figure 4 shall be followed except that, f
49、or particular tests, the preload cycle up to 0,4 F max,estmay be omitted as shown in Figure 5 with a corresponding adjustment to the total testing time. The load shall be increased to 0,4 F max,estand maintained for 30 s. The load shall then be reduced to 0,1 F max,estand maintained for 30 s. Thereafter the load shall be increased. The test shall then be stopped either when the maximum load is reached or when the deformation is w 0+ 5 mm. The load shall be increased or decreased a
