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    IEEE C57 12 59-2001 en Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration《干式变压器直通故障电流持续时间》.pdf

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    IEEE C57 12 59-2001 en Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration《干式变压器直通故障电流持续时间》.pdf

    1、IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001IEEE StandardsC57.12.59TMIEEE Guide for Dry-Type TransformerThrough-Fault Current DurationPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA10 January 2002IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransformer

    2、s CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94979PDF: SS94979Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved.

    3、Published 10 January 2001. Printed in the United States of America.Second printing 12 December 2006. To obtain errata information, please go tohttp:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieeee/updates/errata/index.html.Print: ISBN 0-7381-3104-0 SH94979PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3105-9 SS94979No part of this publication

    4、may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001 (R2006)IEEE Guide for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current DurationSponsorTransformers Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyAppro

    5、ved 30 April 2002American National Standards InstituteApproved 6 December 2001Reaffirmed 5 December 2006IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: This guide sets forth recommendations believed essential for the application of overcur-rent protective devices that limit the exposure time of dry-type transforme

    6、rs to short-circuit currents.This guide is not intended to imply overload capability.Keywords: dry-type transformers, normal base current, overcurrent protective devices, transform-er short-circuit impedanceIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinatin

    7、g Committees of theIEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensus develop-ment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing variedviewpoints and interests to achieve the nal pr

    8、oduct. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve with-out compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus devel-opment process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the

    9、 information containedin its standards.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other dam-age, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resultingfrom the publicati

    10、on, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document.The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaimsany express or implied warranty, including any implied warranty of merchantability or tness for a specic purp

    11、ose, or thatthe use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied “AS IS.”The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market,or provide other goods and services related t

    12、o the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at thetime a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art andcomments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least eve

    13、ry ve years for revi-sion or reafrmation. When a document is more than ve years old and has not been reafrmed, it is reasonable to concludethat its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to checkto determine that they have the la

    14、test edition of any IEEE Standard.In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other servicesfor, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person orentity to another. Any pers

    15、on utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice of a com-petent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate

    16、 to specicapplications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepareappropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to ensure that anyinterpretation has also received the

    17、 concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its soci-eties and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requests except inthose cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments fo

    18、r revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership afliation withIEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriatesupporting comments. Comments on standards and requests for interpretatio

    19、ns should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAThe IEEE and its designees are the sole entities that may authorize the use of the IEEE-owned certication marks and/ortrademarks to indicate compliance with the materials set forth herei

    20、n.Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. Toarrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copy

    21、right Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that

    22、implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patentsfor which

    23、 a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std C57.12.59-2001, IEEE Guide for Dry-Type T

    24、ransformer Through-FaultCurrent Duration.)This guide provides recommendations for the application of overcurrent protection devices to limit the expo-sure time of dry-type transformers to short circuits. It must not be confused with IEEE Std C57.109-1993,IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformer Th

    25、rough-Fault Current Duration, which applies only to liq-uid-immersed transformers.Dry-type transformers differ signicantly from liquid-immersed types in several respects:a) There are ve different temperature ratings for dry-type transformers: 75 C, 90 C, 115 C, 130 C,and 150 C; whereas there is only

    26、 one temperature rating for liquid-immersed transformers: 65 C.b) There are signicant variations in dry-type winding constructions, including conventional varnishimpregnated layered windings, vertically stacked varnish-impregnated disk windings, solid-castresin windings, and combinations thereof, al

    27、l of which have different transient heating characteris-tics during time intervals greater than about 100 s.c) The transient heating of liquid-immersed transformer windings are considerably buffered by theinsulating medium in which they are immersed, providing a relatively long thermal time constant

    28、 ascompared to dry-type transformers.Because of the foregoing, the through-fault protection curves for dry-type transformers are limited to over-load time intervals of 100 s or less. No one curve for longer time intervals would characterize the thermalperformance of all the different dry-type transf

    29、ormer constructions and temperature ratings. Moreover, suchcurves are not known or, at least, not available. Consequently, the curves in this guide pertain to the temper-ature rise of the windings during time intervals less than 100 s, wherein nearly all the heat generated isstored in the conductors

    30、. For longer time intervals, it is recommended that reference be made to IEEE StdC57.96-1999, IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers.As short-circuit time intervals become progressively less than 100 s, mechanical considerations becomemore important than thermal characte

    31、ristics.Short-circuit performance characteristics are contained in IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998, IEEE Standard Gen-eral Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers Including Those With Solid-Cast and/or Resin-Encapsulated Windings. This guide supplements that information, but in no way

    32、supersedes it.ParticipantsAt the time this guide was completed, the Working Group for Dry-Type Transformer Through-Fault CurrentDuration had the following membership:Paulette A. Payne,ChairDerek FosterMichael E. HaasN. Wayne HansenPhilip J. HopkinsonRush HortonCharles W. Johnson, Jr.Gene MorehartBip

    33、in K. PatelivCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 6 December 2001, it had the followingmembership:

    34、Donald N. Heirman,ChairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeNoelle D. HumenickIEEE Standards Project EditorS. H. AguirreJim Antweil

    35、erEdward A. BertoliniThomas E. Blackburn, IIIAlain BolligerSimon R. ChanoPeter W. ClarkeGuru Dutt DhingraDieter DohnalJ. C. DuartGeorge GelaRandall C. GrovesMichael E. HaasRobert H. HartgroveJames D. Huddleston, IIICharles W. Johnson, Jr. Anthony J. JonnattiJohn G. LackeyStephen R. LambertDonald L.

    36、LoweAllan LudbrookDon MacMillanWilliam A. MaguireK. T. MassoudaJohn W. MatthewsNigel P. McQuinJoe MelansonGary L. MichelDaniel H. MulkeyArthur S. NeubauerKlaus PappBipin K. PatelDhiru S. PatelWesley F. PattersonPaulette A. PayneCarlos O. PeixotoPaul PillitteriTom A. PrevostMadan RanaRadhakrishna V R

    37、ebbapragadaJohn R. RossettiWes W. SchwartzPat ScullyHyeong Jin SimJames E. SmithRonald J. StaharaFrank StevensRon W. StonerJohn C. SullivanSubhash C TuliGerald L. VaughnJames W. WilsonWilliam G. WimmerSatish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M

    38、. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepnger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2002 IEEE. All

    39、 rights reserved.vContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 General. 12. References 23. Definitions 24. Transformer coordination 24.1 Category I transformers . 44.2 Category II transformers 4viCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for D

    40、ry-Type Transformer Through-Fault Current Duration1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis guide applies to dry-type transformers designated as Category I and Category II in IEEE StdC57.12.01-1998.1Category III transformers have not been included since these are not commonly manufac-tured and may require special co

    41、nsideration depending on the manufacturers recommendations.1.2 PurposeProtective devices, such as relays and fuses, have well-dened operating characteristics that relate fault mag-nitude to clearing time. It is desirable that these characteristic curves be coordinated with comparable curvesapplicabl

    42、e to dry-type transformers that relate duration and fault magnitude to withstand capability.This guide sets forth recommendations believed essential for the application of overcurrent protectivedevices that limit the exposure time of dry-type transformers to short-circuit currents. This guide is not

    43、intended to imply overload capability.1.3 GeneralThe magnitude and duration of fault currents are of utmost importance in establishing a coordinated protec-tion practice for transformers, as both mechanical and thermal effects of fault currents must be considered.For fault-current magnitudes near th

    44、e maximum short-circuit current rating of the transformer, mechanicaleffects are more signicant than thermal effects. The maximum symmetrical short-circuit current should notexceed 25 times normal base current in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.01-1998. At lower fault-currentmagnitudes approaching t

    45、he overload range, mechanical effects are less important unless the frequency andduration of fault occurrence is high enough to promote mechanical degradation. The point of transitionbetween mechanical concern and thermal concern cannot be precisely dened; mechanical effects tend tohave a more promi

    46、nent role in larger kVA ratings because the mechanical forces are greater.1Information on references can be found in Clause 2.IEEEStd C57.12.59-2001 IEEE GUIDE FOR DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMER2Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.2. ReferencesThis guide is to be used in conjunction with the following pu

    47、blications. If the following publications aresuperseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.IEEE C37.91-2000, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers.2IEEE C57.12.01-1998, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution and Power Trans-formers In

    48、cluding Those with Solid-Cast and/or Resin-Encapsulated Windings.IEEE C57.96-1999, IEEE Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers.3. DenitionsFor the purposes of this guide, the following terms and denitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary ofIEEE Standards TermsB13should be

    49、referenced for terms not dened in this clause.3.1 normal base current: Rated current of a transformer corresponding to its rated voltage and rated basekVA.3.2 transformer short-circuit impedance:1.) For Category I transformers, the transformer expressed inpercent of rated voltage and rated base kVA of the transformer. 2.) For Category II transformers, the sum oftransformer impedance and system short-circuit impedance at the transformer location, expressed in percentof rated voltage and rated base kVA of the transformer. 4. Transformer coordination


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