1、IEEE Std C57.12.36-2007IEEE Standard Requirements forLiquid-Immersed DistributionSubstation TransformersIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA7 March 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransformers CommitteeC57.12.36TMIEEE Std C57.12.36TM-2007 IEEE Standard Requirements for Li
2、quid-Immersed Distribution Substation Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 27 September 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Small power transformers have become a significant element in distribution systems supplying large commercial customers
3、 like major resort hotels and site-specific industrial customers that desire the local utility to own, operate, and maintain the serving transformer. These transformers can range in sizes from 112.5 kVA to 10 000 kVA with primary voltages at 69 000 V and below and secondary voltages from 34 500 V to
4、 120 V. Transformers in this standard are generally for larger distribution customers often with special voltages or installation requirements like convention centers with large chiller plants and extensive exhibit space. There is often a desire to serve these transformers from underground systems u
5、sing side-mounted bushings on the primary. This standard seeks to define the small power transformer that is applied as more than just a limited scope version of the power transformers covered by IEEE Std C57.12.10TMand as more than a large distribution class transformer covered by IEEE Std C57.12.3
6、4TM. Keywords: class I, distribution substation transformer, liquid-immersed, station type, transformer, unit substation The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, In
7、c. All rights reserved. Published 7 March 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance C
8、enter. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.12.36-2007, IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution Substation Transformers. This version is the initial release of IEEE Std C57.12.36. The conception of this standard w
9、as derived from the need to clarify the requirements for a unique class of transformer that was not adequately covered by existing standards for either pad-mounted distribution transformers or power transformers. The existing power transformers standard, IEEE Std C57.12.10TM,a covered ratings up to
10、100 000 kVA and 230 kV, which were far beyond the scope of this new standard. The basis for the development of this standard started from IEEE Std C57.12.13TM, NEMA standards 201 and 210,balong with using sections from both the power transformer standard, IEEE Std C57.12.10, and the newly developed
11、three-phase pad-mount distribution transformer standard, IEEE Std C57.12.34TM. In conjunction with the development of this distribution standard, it was agreed to with NESCOM that the scope of IEEE Std C57.12.10 would continue to cover a broad product range such that power transformers with these sa
12、me ratings would still be covered. This approach was taken to avoid creating a hole in the standards where small power transformers (e.g., rated 5 MVA with a 25 kV high voltage) would no longer be covered. During the development of this standard, there was a desire to include equipment coordination
13、information for bushings and interface enclosures that would be useful when the transformer is directly connected to switchgear. Due to the variety of standards currently in place with existing switchgear manufactures, it was not possible to come to a consensus on what should or could be a transform
14、er standard at this point in time. Instead an informative annex was created to provide the users of this standard some options for equipment coordination. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions
15、of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance
16、 with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation
17、, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. aIEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electric
18、al and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards/ieee.org/). bNEMA publications are available from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, USA (http:/www.nema.org/). v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All ri
19、ghts reserved. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point i
20、n time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE S
21、tandards Association Web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Erra
22、ta, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/sta
23、ndards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any pate
24、nt rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with
25、 submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
26、Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Distribution Substation Transformer Working Group had the following membership:
27、David A. Aho, Chair John R. Rossetti, Vice Chair Samuel Aguirre Jim Antweiler Javier Arteaga Israel Barrientos-Torres Wallace B. Binder Jr. Thomas P. Callsen John C. Crouse Marcel Fortin James M. Gardner Carlos Gaytan Ali Ghafourian Saurabh Ghosh Myron Gruber Robert L. Grunert Kenneth S. Hanus Gary
28、Hoffman Mohammad Hussain Sheldon Kennedy Brian Klaponski Stanley J. Kostyal Tommy Magee Phillip G. McClure Jerry R. Murphy Ray Nicholas Thomas Pekarek Donald W. Platts Tom A. Prevost Jeffrey Schneider Stephen Schroeder Ibrahim Shteyh Stephen D. Shull Hyeong J. Sim Edward Smith Ronald Stahara Giusepp
29、e Termini Robert Tillman Donnie Trivitt David A. Wiegand Richard vonGemmingenvii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Satish
30、 K. Aggarwal David A. Aho Paul R. Ahrens Steven C. Alexanderson I. J. Antweiler Carlo Arpino Paul D. Barnhart Barry L. Beaster Wallace B. Binder Jr. Thomas E. Blackburn III Stuart H. Borlase Troy D. Bredemeier Steven R. Brockschink Chris Brooks Paul A. Buchanan Carl L. Bush William A. Byrd Thomas P.
31、 Callsen Yunxiang Chen Tommy P. Cooper John C. Crouse Jorge E. Fernandez Daher Frank L. DAmico Stephen Dare Dieter Dohnal Randall L. Dotson Mark M. Drabkin Donald G. Dunn Gary R. Engmann Mehrdad Eskandary Rabiz N. Foda Joseph Foldi Marcel Fortin Fredric A. Friend Eduardo W. Garcia James M. Gardner M
32、anuel M. Gonzalez Ron K. Greenthaler Randall C. Groves Robert L. Grunert Ajit K. Gwal Kenneth S. Hanus Adrienne M. Hendrickson Gary A. Heuston David A. Horvath Dennis Horwitz James D. Huddleston III David W. Jackson Clark A. Jacobson Gael Kennedy Morteza Khodaie Joseph L. Koepfinger Stanley J. Kosty
33、al Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu John G. Lackey Scott R. Lacey Stephen R. Lambert Thomas W. La Rose Solomon Lee Boyd R. Leuenberger Thomas G. Lundquist G. L. Luri William A. Maguire J. Dennis Marlow John W. Matthews Omar S. Mazzoni Kenneth L. McClenahan Phillip G. McClure Mark F. McGranaghan Joseph
34、P. Melanson Gary L. Michel Charles A. Morse Daniel H. Mulkey Jerry R. Murphy Dennis K. Neitzel Arthur S. Neubauer Michael S. Newman Lorraine K. Padden Paulette A. Payne M. C. Pehosh Donald W. Platts Iulian E. Profir Jeffrey L. Ray Ryland B. Revelle Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers John R. Rosset
35、ti Thomas J. Rozek Dinesh Sankarakurup Pranathy Steven Sano Bartien Sayogo Devki N. Sharma Stephen D. Shull Hyeong J. Sim Brian D. Sparling Malcolm V. Thaden T. P. Traub Joseph J. Vaschak Joe D. Watson David A. Wiegand Alan L. Wilks James W. Wilson Jr. William G. Wimmer Roland E. Youngberg viii Copy
36、right 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 27 September 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnol
37、d M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden
38、 Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative Michelle D. Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia
39、IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development ix Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Mandatory requirements 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 3 4. Rating data 3 4.1 Usual service conditions 3 4.2 Kilovolt-ampere ratings. 3 4.3 V
40、oltage applications 4 4.4 Standard levels for basic lightning impulse insulation 5 4.5 Taps . 5 4.6 Impedence voltage tolerance . 5 4.7 Routine tests 6 4.8 Dielectric test levels. 6 5. Construction . 6 5.1 Accessories 6 5.2 Bushings 11 5.3 Enclosures 14 5.4 Other neutral terminations . 15 5.5 Liftin
41、g, moving, and jacking facilities. 17 5.6 Nameplate 18 5.7 Ground provisions . 19 5.8 Polarity, angular displacement, and terminal markings. 19 5.9 Liquid preservation 20 5.10 Tanks . 21 5.11 Auxiliary cooling equipment . 21 5.12 Power supply for transformer auxiliary equipment and controls. 23 5.13
42、 Bushing-type current transformers 23 5.14 Surge arresters . 24 5.15 Insulating liquid. 24 5.16 Loading 25 6. Installation and storage. 25 Annex A (informative) Substation Equipment Coordination for Secondary Unit Substations 26 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Standard Requirements
43、for Liquid-Immersed Distribution Substation Transformers IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to assure safety, security, health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and
44、 health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices
45、 and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview This standard sets forth the requirements for indoor/outdoor distribution substation transformer application that is not covered by ANSI
46、/IEEE distribution and power transformer standards. This standard is intended for use as a basis for performance and interchangeability as well as to assist in the proper selection of such equipment. 1.1 Scope This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics of 50
47、 Hz and 60 Hz, two winding, liquid-immersed distribution substation transformers. Such transformers may be remotely or integrally associated with either primary and secondary switchgear or substations, or both, for step-down or step-up purposes rated as follows: a) 112.5 kVA through 10 000 kVA three
48、-phase b) 250 kVA through 6667 kVA single-phase c) High voltage 69 000 V and below and low voltage 34 500 V and below It is not intended that this standard shall apply to dry-type, regulating, pad-mounted, secondary-network, furnace, rectifier, mobile, railway, or mine transformers. IEEE Std C57.12.
49、36-2007 IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution Substation Transformers 2 1.22. Mandatory requirements When this standard is used on a mandatory basis, the words “shall” and “must” indicate mandatory requirements, and the words “should” and “may” refer to matters that are recommended and permitted, respectively, but not mandatory. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to
