1、 IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Sponsored by the Power System Relaying Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power and Energy SocietyIEEE Std C37.243-2015IEEE Std C37.243-2015 IEEE Guide for Application of Di
2、gital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Sponsor Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 11 June 2015 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: A comprehensive guide to practical line current differential schemes using digital communications. O
3、perating principles, synchronization methods, channel requirements, current transformer requirements, external time reference requirements, backup considerations, testing considerations, and troubleshooting are included. This guide also provides specific guidelines for various application aspects in
4、cluding multi-terminal lines, series compensated lines, mutually coupled lines, line charging current, in-zone transformers and reactors, single-phase tripping and reclosing, as well as communications channel requirements. Keywords: alpha plane, charge comparison, current differential line protectio
5、n, current differential operating methods, current ration plane, IEEE C37.243, percentage differential, ping-pong methods, time synchronization The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and El
6、ectronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 7 August 2015. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a particular purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addit
7、ion, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.” Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, m
8、easure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users
9、 of the standard. In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE S
10、tandards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY
11、DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TO
12、RT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE. Translations The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of
13、 documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard. Official statements A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations
14、Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards
15、shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE. Comments on standards Comments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE.
16、 However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned int
17、erests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in tho
18、se cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group. Comments on standards should be submitted to t
19、he following address: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any ap
20、plicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not b
21、e construed as doing so. Copyrights IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under U.S. and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations
22、, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents. Photocopies Subject to paymen
23、t of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Cu
24、stomer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Updating of IEEE Standards documents Users of IEEE Standards documents sh
25、ould be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with
26、 any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly
27、 reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, vi
28、sit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE SA or IEEEs standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for all IEEE standards
29、 can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter cov
30、ered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the sta
31、tement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditio
32、ns that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required,
33、 for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard
34、are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the D27 W
35、orking Group had the following membership: Solveig Ward, Chair Bruce Mackie, Vice ChairPhilip Beaumont Fernando Calero Randall Crellin Alla Deronja Bill Higinbotham Robert Ince Ilija Jankovic Ljubomir Kojovic Alex Lee Don Lukach Aaron Martin Roy Moxley Nagpal Mukesh Craig Palmer Vajira Pathirana Joe
36、 Perez David Purpura Ryland Revelle Sam Sambasivan Mark Schroeder Mike Stojak Ian Tualla Demetrios Tziouvaras Joe Uchiyama Jun Verzosa Ilia Voloh Don Ware The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstentio
37、n. William Ackerman Ali Al Awazi Steven Alexanderson Jay Anderson G. Bartok Philip Beaumont Martin Best Thomas Blair Gustavo Brunello William Byrd Paul Cardinal Stephen Conrad Luis Coronado Randall Crellin Randall Cunico Alla Deronja Gary Donner Kenneth Fodero Frank Gerleve Stephen Grier Randall Gro
38、ves Roger Hedding Jerry Hohn C. Huntley Robert Ince Gerald Johnson Innocent Kamwa John Kay James Kinney Gary Kobet Boris Kogan Ljubomir Kojovic Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Bruce Mackie Omar Mazzoni Dean Miller John Miller Daleep Mohla Joe Mooney Jerry Murphy Michael Newman Gary Nissen James OBrien L
39、orraine Padden Subhash Patel Charles Petras Michael Roberts Charles Rogers M. Sachdev Miriam Sanders Bartien Sayogo Mark Simon William Taylor Michael Thompson Demetrios Tziouvaras Joe Uchiyama John Vergis Quintin Verzosa Ilia Voloh Kenneth White Philip Winston Ray Young Richard Young When the IEEE-S
40、A Standards Board approved this guide on 11 June 2015, it had the following membership: John D. Kulick, Chair Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Jean-Philippe Faure J. Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman
41、 Michael Janezic Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Hung Ling Andrew Myles T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Stephen J. Shellhammer Adrian P. Stephens Yatin Trivedi Philip Winston Don Wright Yu Yuan Daidi Zhong *Member Emeritus Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. v
42、i Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.243-2015, IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication. This guide is intended to assist protection engineers and technologists in effectively applying digital current differential rela
43、ys using digital communications channels and protection systems to protect transmission lines. Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions, special terms, acronyms, and abbreviations 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Special ter
44、ms 2 3.3 Acronyms and abbreviations . 2 4. Current differential line protection applications . 4 4.1 Current differential versus other forms of line protection relaying . 4 5. Current differential operating methods . 6 5.1 Differential principle . 6 5.2 Current differential protection measuring prin
45、ciples . 7 5.3 Current measurement techniques 13 6. Communication scheme design .14 6.1 Requirements 16 6.2 Difference between voice and data communications 17 6.3 Reliability .18 6.4 Communications networks .18 6.5 Interoperability .21 6.6 Addressing 21 6.7 Sampling time synchronization based on ch
46、annel time 23 6.8 Sampling time synchronization by external reference 26 6.9 Techniques for security against channel and synchronization impairments .28 6.10 Redundant channels 29 6.11 Communications channel interface options 30 6.12 IEC 61850 substation to substation communications .31 7. Applicati
47、on considerations 33 7.1 Multi-terminal line protection .33 7.2 Dual breaker applications .34 7.3 Setting considerations .35 7.4 Open-CT conditions .37 7.5 CT ratio compensation 37 7.6 Mutually coupled lines .38 7.7 Charging current compensation 38 7.8 Switch-onto fault 41 7.9 Weak infeed issues .42
48、 7.10 Out-of-step 42 7.11 CT saturation detection/compensation 42 7.12 Stub bus 42 7.13 Single phase tripping 43 7.14 Multi-phase auto-reclosing .44 7.15 Series compensated lines 44 7.16 Shunt reactors .45 7.17 In-zone transformers and tapped loads .46 7.18 Backup protection considerations .48 Copyr
49、ight 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii 7.19 Communications channel cutout switch .48 8. Testing and troubleshooting 49 8.1 Loopback testing .49 8.2 Local relay back to back bench test 49 8.3 Time-synchronized end-to-end testing .50 8.4 Troubleshooting an in-service current differential system50 Annex A (informative) Differential protection of power lines/cables based on Rogowski coil current sensors .53 Annex B (informative) Bibliography.55 Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. ix IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital C