1、 IEEE Guide for Power SystemProtective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels Sponsored by the Power System Relaying Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 19 April 2013 IEEE Power and Energy SocietyIEEE Std C37.236-2013IEEE Std C37.236-2013 IEEE Guide for Power Sys
2、tem Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels Sponsor Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 6 March 2013 IEEE-SA Standards Board Grateful acknowledgements: Thanks to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), for permission to use
3、 Figure 32 and Figure 33 in this guide. Abstract: Guidance for the power system user in applying, installing and operating digital communication channels for the purpose of protective relaying is provided in this guide. Keywords: ac pilot wire, alarm, asynchronous, audio Tone, channel, current diffe
4、rential, data communication equipment, data terminal equipment, DCE, DDS, digital data service, direct under-reaching transfer trip, DTE, DUTT, Ethernet, FC connector, fiber optic, GOOSE, Ground Potential Rise, IEEE C37.94, IEEE C37.236, jitter, LC connector, loopback, microwave, MT-RJ connector, mu
5、ltiplexer, phase comparison, radio frequency interference, RFI, RS-232, RS-422, RS-449, RS-530, signal attenuation, SONET, TDM, telecommunication, teleprotection, time division multiplex, transfer trip, tunneling, V.35, zone The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue,
6、New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2013 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 19 April 2013. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any
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19、re expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Participants At the t
20、ime this IEEE guide was completed, the H1 Working Group had the following membership: Marc Benou, Chair Ilia Voloh, Vice Chair Tom Dahlin Bryan Donaldson Jim Ebrecht Jerry Finley Ken Fodero Etieenne Fortin Bob Ince Roger Ray Mark Simon Malcolm Swanson Solveig Ward The following members of the indivi
21、dual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William Ackerman Satish Aggarwal Ali Al Awazi Philip Beaumont Kenneth Behrendt Marc Benou Robert Beresh Steven Bezner Oscar Bolado Gustavo Brunello Paul Cardinal Stephen Conrad James Corn
22、elison Randall Crellin Randall Cunico Gary Donner Michael Dood Randall Dotson Ahmed Elneweihi Gary Engmann Dan Evans Kenneth Fodero Fredric Friend Doaa Galal Rafael Garcia David Gilmer Mietek Glinkowski Jalal Gohari William Gordon Stephen Grier Randall Groves Roger Hedding Gary Hoffman Jerry Hohn Yi
23、 Hu Chris Huntley Gerald Johnson Innocent Kamwa Bogdan Kasztenny Yuri Khersonsky James Kinney Joseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Federico Lopez Greg Luri Bruce Mackie Wayne Manges Kenneth Martin William McBride John Miller Adi Mulawarman Jerry Murphy R. Murphy Michael S. Newman Gary Ni
24、ssen Lorraine Padden Donald Parker Robert Pettigrew Craig Preuss Iulian Profir Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Miriam Sanders Bartien Sayogo Gil Shultz Mark Simon Veselin Skendzic James Smith Jerry Smith Gary Stoedter Malcolm Swanson Michael Swearingen Richard Taylor William Taylor John Tengdin Maria
25、 Tomica Eric Udren John Vergis Ilia Voloh John Wang Solveig Ward Karl Weber Yingli Wen Kenneth White Thomas Wiedman Philip Winston Ray Young Jian Yu Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 6 March 2013, it had the following membership: Jo
26、hn Kulick, Chair David J. Law, Vice-chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Peter Balma Farooq Bari Ted Burse Wael William Diab Stephen Dukes Jean-Phillippe Faure Alexander Gelman Mark Halpin Gary Hoffman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Michael Janezic Joseph L
27、. Keopfinger* David J. Law Oleg Logvinov Ron Peterson Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Adrian Stephens Peter Sutherland Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Yu Yuan *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic
28、, NIST Representative Michelle Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Soo H. Kim IEEE Client Services Manager, Technical Program Development Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.236-2013, IEEE Guide for Power S
29、ystem Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels. This is a guide for the application of digital communication for protective relaying systems and schemes. This document is intended to guide the power system user in applying, installing and operating digital communication chan
30、nels for the purpose of protective relaying. This guide covers the topics including transmitting and receiving equipment, digital channels, application principals, performance, installation, troubleshooting, testing and maintenance. There are several standards, environmental and otherwise, while not
31、 mandatory for the use of this document, are highly recommended and are listed in the bibliography. Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. ix Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Definitions and acronyms . 2 2.1 Definitions . 2 2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 4 3. Types of digit
32、al teleprotection equipment 6 3.1 Standalone teleprotection systems . 6 3.2 Teleprotection integrated with relay devices . 7 3.3 Teleprotection integrated with multiplexed communication devices 7 4. Communications infrastructure 8 4.1 Noise 8 4.2 Connections 11 4.3 Signal attenuation .24 4.4 Radio f
33、requency interference 25 4.5 Connections to non-substation hardened equipment 26 4.6 Environmental standards 26 5. Security dependability, and speed .27 5.1 Security .27 5.2 Dependability27 5.3 Speed 28 6. Digital communications transport technology .28 6.1 Introduction 28 6.2 Fiber optics .28 6.3 D
34、igital microwave 36 6.4 Spread spectrum radio communication .39 6.5 Multiplexers 42 6.6 Digital phone line .51 6.7 Ethernet .52 6.8 Audio communications over digital networks 54 6.9 Satellite .58 7. Power schemes 58 7.1 Current differential scheme 58 7.2 AC pilot-wire relays .59 7.3 Phase comparison
35、 schemes .60 7.4 Directional comparison schemes 61 8. Planning .65 8.1 Digital communication schemes .65 8.2 Interoperability .66 8.3 Redundancy and diversity .67 9. Testing and troubleshooting installed equipment 68 9.1 Loopbacks .68 9.2 Coordination between communications and relaying .68 Copyrigh
36、t 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. x 9.3 Alarms 68 9.4 Monitoring 70 9.5 Maintenance70 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 71 Copyright 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 IEEE Guide for Power System Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards docum
37、ents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and
38、 interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important
39、 Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This is a guide for the application of digital communication for protective relaying systems and
40、 schemes, including transmitting and receiving equipment, digital channels, application principals, performance, installation, troubleshooting, testing and maintenance. Reflected in this guide are the knowledge and experience of equipment manufacturers and power utility users. This guide is not inte
41、nded to supplant specific or general instructions contained in manufacturers books nor any contractual agreements. 1.2 Purpose The primary purpose of this document is to guide the power system user in applying, installing and operating digital communication channels for the purpose of protective rel
42、aying. The guide is prepared not only for those considering digital communication relaying for the first time, but also as a reference for the experienced user. IEEE Std C37.236-2013 IEEE Guide for Power System Protective Relay Applications Over Digital Communication Channels Copyright 2013 IEEE. Al
43、l rights reserved. 2 2. Definitions and acronyms For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.12.1 Definitions asynchronous communications: A transmission method in which ea
44、ch data terminal equipment (DTE) transmits messages without regard for the rate at which messages are received. A Start bit is used to identify the beginning of each message byte, and a stop bit is generally used to identify the end of the message byte. A dwell time generally exists between the end
45、of one byte and the transmission of the next message byte. bidirectional line switched ring (BLSR): BLSR does not send redundant copies from ingress to egress. BLSRs switch at the line layer. The ring nodes adjacent to a failure reroute the traffic “the long way” around the ring. central-directional
46、: Clock signals supplied on different wires from a centralized clock. channel addressing: A technique used in digital teleprotection in which specific transmitters and receivers have matched addresses that are sent with data. channel delay: The sum of the communication electronics and the communicat
47、ion path delays. channel hopping: Where frame alignment is off by exactly one-channel time. co-directional: Data and timing sent in the same direction over the same two twisted pair of wires. communication configurations: See: linear drop; insert and star. contra-directional: There are always 8-wire
48、s, two pairs for clock signals, and two for data. current differential schemes: This scheme compares remotely measured values of either current samples or computed current phasors (magnitudes and angles) with locally measured time-aligned samples or phasors. The time delay associated with communicat
49、ing samples or phasor quantities must be determined by test, or automatically computed by the terminal devices to provide proper time-alignment of local and remote signals. digital data service (DDS): Also known as dataphone digital service or digital data system. A non-switched (dedicated) digital service network for data rates up to 56 000 bps. digital telephone hierarchy (T1): A digital carrier signal designed to carry speech or data at the DS1 rate, which is 1.544 Mbps. direct digital interface (DDI): A direct digital interface in a multiplexer or channel ba
