1、IEEE Std C37.235-2007IEEE Guide for the Application ofRogowski Coils Used for ProtectiveRelaying PurposesIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA22 February 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower System Relaying CommitteeC37.235TMIEEE Std C37.235TM-2007 IEEE Guide for the Appl
2、ication of Rogowski Coils Used for Protective Relaying Purposes Sponsor Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 27 September 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide establishes criteria and requirements for application of Rogowski coils (RCs) (air-cor
3、e current sensors) used for protective relaying in electric power systems. The selection and application of RCs for the more common protection schemes are addressed. Keywords: current sensor, current transformer, relay protection, Rogowski coil The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
4、Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 22 February 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to ph
5、otocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.235-2007, IEEE Guide for the Application of Rogowski Coils Us
6、ed for Protective Relaying Purposes. Conventional iron-core current transformers (CTs) have traditionally been used for protection and measurement applications in part because of their ability to produce the high-power output required by electromechanical equipment. Microprocessor-based devices cons
7、ume less power than traditional electromechanical equipment, thereby making high-power current sensors unnecessary. When conventional CTs are used with new microprocessor-based relays, commonly recognized CT problems such as saturation and remanence can affect the relay performance in a similar way
8、as with traditional schemes. Manufacturers use different algorithms to achieve proper performance of relays during CT saturation. Rogowski coil current sensors have high measurement accuracy and are linear (do not saturate), providing a wide operating current range. Rogowski coils make protection sc
9、hemes possible that were not achievable by conventional CTs because of saturation, size, and weight. However, unlike CTs that produce secondary current proportional to the primary current, Rogowski coils produce output voltage that is a scaled time derivative di(t)/dt of the primary current. Signal
10、processing is required to extract the power frequency signal for phasor-based protective relays and microprocessor-based equipment designed to accept these type signals. This guide is the first one on this topic. It is intended to present the principle of operation of Rogowski coils and to compare p
11、erformance characteristics with other current sensing devices. This document includes guidelines for Rogowski coil installation, interface to relays, testing, and applications for different relay protection schemes. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be acces
12、sed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents
13、Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not respon
14、sible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Further information may be obtained from the I
15、EEE Standards Association. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Working Group for Rogowski Coils Used for Relaying Purposes had the following membership: Ljubomir A. Kojovic, Chair Veselin Skend
16、zic, Vice Chair Robert W. Beresh Jeff Burnworth Arvind K. S. Chaudhary Dennis Erickson Don Feltz Dale Finney James W. Ingleson Peter McLaren Brian P. Mugalian John D. Ramboz Mohindar Sachdev Don D. Sevcik Delbert D. Weers The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloter
17、s may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven C. Alexanderson David Apps Ali Al Awazi G. J. Bartok Robert W. Beresh Wallace B. Binder William G. Bloethe Oscar E. Bolado Steven R. Brockschink Chris Brooks Michael G. Brown Gustavo A. Brunello Christoph Brunner T
18、homas P. Callsen Arvind K. S. Chaudhary Stephen P. Conrad Tommy P. Cooper James R. Cornelison Luis M. Coronado Randall L. Dotson Paul R. Drum Gary Engmann Marcel Fortin Fredric A. Friend Jeffrey G. Gilbert Keith I. Gray Stephen E. Grier Randall C. Groves Akit K. Gwal Roger A. Hedding Gary A. Heuston
19、 David A. Horvath R. Jackson Radek Javora Anders L. Johnson Gerald F. Johnson Lars E. Juhlin Peter J. Kemp Joseph L. Koepfinger Ljubomir A. Kojovic David W. Krause Jim Kulchisky Raluca E. Lascu Albert Livshitz William E. Lockley R. W. Long Frederico Lopez William G. Lowe Gregory Luri Michael J. Mcdo
20、nald Nigel P. McQuin Michael J. Meisinger Georges F. Montillet Charles Allan Morse Brian P. Mugalian Randolph Mullikin Jerry R. Murphy Bradley D. Nelson Michael S. Newman Donald M. Parker Kostas M. Pervolarakis Mark J. Peterson Iulian E. Profir Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers Daniel M. Sauer Th
21、omas Schossig Robert J. Schuerger Lubomir H. Sevov Devki N. Sharma Charles W. Smith James E. Smith Joshua B. Smith John H. Spare David Stone James M. Swank Richard P. Taylor John A. Vergis James W. Wilson Richard C. Young Theodore C. Zeiss Ahmed F. Zobaa vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.
22、When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 27 September 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Kenneth S
23、. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *M
24、ember Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative Jennie Steinhagen IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical
25、Program Development vii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Protective relaying principles using Rogowski coils . 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3 3.1 Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
26、. 4 4. Review of conventional current sensor technologies 4 4.1 Iron-core current transformers. 4 4.2 Gapped-core current transformers . 6 4.3 Linear couplers 7 5. Rogowski coils . 7 5.1 Theory of operation . 7 5.2 Rogowski coil designs. 11 5.3 Performance characteristics . 13 5.4 The use of the Rog
27、owski coil signal 15 5.5 Comparison of conventional current transformers to Rogowski coils. 20 5.6 Installation considerations . 23 5.7 Interface with relays 25 5.8 High-voltage system insulation and integration with voltage sensors . 27 5.9 Standards . 28 5.10 Testing . 30 5.11 Rules for transport,
28、 storage, installation, operation, and maintenance 33 5.12 Applications for protective relaying 34 Annex A (informative) Other nonconventional technologies for current measurements . 40 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 42 IEEE Guide for the Application of Rogowski Coils Used for Protective Relayin
29、g Purposes 1 1. 1.11.21.3Overview Scope This guide establishes criteria and requirements for application of Rogowski coils (RCs) (air-core current sensors) used for protective relaying in electric power systems. The selection and application of RCs for the more common protection schemes are addresse
30、d. Purpose This document provides a guide for application of Rogowski coils used for protective relaying in electric power systems. It is intended to assist the relay application engineer in the correct selection and application of RCs for protective relaying purposes. It provides requirements relev
31、ant to the performance, operation, testing, and maintenance of Rogowski coil-based current sensors. This guide applies to all types of Rogowski coils used for protective relaying purposes. Protective relaying principles using Rogowski coils Part a) of Figure 1 shows protective relaying principles us
32、ing a Rogowski coil directly interfaced to an intelligent electronic device (IED), and part b) of Figure 1 shows solutions described in IEC 60044-81for electronic current transformers (ECTs). Figure 1 is explained in 5.7. 1Information on references can be found in Clause 2. Copyright 2008 IEEE. All
33、rights reserved. IEEE Std C37.235-2007 IEEE Guide for the Application of Rogowski Coils Used for Protective Relaying Purposes PrimaryConverterPower SupplyTransmitting SystemSecondar y Converterfor use with a Merging UnitSecondary Converterwith an Analogue Voltage OutputPower SupplyPrimaryConductorIP
34、Rogowski CoilIEDTo IED viaCommunicationIEDRogowski CoilShielded cable(a)(b)Figure 12.Application of Rogowski coils used for protective relaying purposes Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and u
35、sed, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEC 60044-8, Instrument
36、 transformersPart 8: Electronic current transformer.2IEC 61850-9-1, Communication networks and systems in substationsPart 9-1: Specific communication system mapping (SCSM)Sampled values over serial unidirectional multidrop point-to-point link. IEC 61850-9-2, Communication networks and systems in sub
37、stationsPart 9-2: Specific communication system mappings (SCSM)Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3. IEEE Std C37.1, IEEE Standard Definition, Specification, and Analysis of Systems Used for Supervisory Control, Data Acquisition, and Automatic Control.3,4IEEE Std C37.92, IEEE Standard for Analog Input
38、s to Protective Relays from Electronic Voltage and Current Transducers. IEEE Std C57.13, IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers. 2IEC publications are available in the United States from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, USA (http:/ Electronic
39、copies are available in the United States from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/ www.ansi.org/). 3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 0
40、8854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2 4The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C37.235-2007 IEEE Guide for the Application of Rogowski Coils Used for
41、Protective Relaying Purposes 3 3. 3.1Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B435should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1.1 accuracy:
42、The designation assigned to an electronic current transformer, the current error and phase displacement of which remain within specified limits under prescribed conditions of use. 3.1.2 digital output: An optical or an electrical output interface at the merging unit. It supplies measuring instrument
43、s, meters, and protective or control devices with digitally coded time-coherent sets of current and/or voltage data. 3.1.3 electronic current transformer: Electronic instrument transformer in which the output of the secondary converter, in normal conditions of use, is substantially proportional to t
44、he primary current and differs in phase from it by a known angle for an appropriate polarity of the connections. 3.1.4 electronic instrument transformer: Arrangement of current or voltage sensor(s) connected to transmitting systems and secondary converters for the purpose of supplying a signal propo
45、rtional to the sensed quantity to measuring instruments, meters, and protective or control devices. In the case of a digital interface, this is accomplished by using a merging unit for a set of electronic instrument transformers. 3.1.5 excitation characteristic: A graphical or tabular presentation o
46、f the relationship between the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the exciting current and a sinusoidal RMS voltage applied to the secondary terminals of a current transformer, the primary and other windings being open-circuited, over a range of values 3.1.6 merging unit: Physical unit used to do the t
47、ime-coherent combination of the current and/or voltage data coming from the secondary converters. The merging unit can be part of one of the transformers in the field or may be a separate unit, for example, in the control room. 3.1.7 power supply: Power source to the primary and/or secondary convert
48、er and/or primary current sensor. 3.1.8 primary converter: Arrangement that converts the signal coming from one or more primary current sensors into a signal suitable for the transmitting system. 3.1.9 primary current sensor: Electric, electrical, optical, or other device intended to transmit a sign
49、al corresponding to the current flowing through the primary terminals to the secondary converter, either directly or by means of a primary converter. 3.1.10 rated burden: The value of the burden on which the accuracy requirements are based. 3.1.11 rated insulation level: The combination of voltage values that characterizes the insulation of a transformer with regard to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses. 3.1.12 rated secondary output: For analog output, it is the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the secondary voltage output at the fu
