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10、3#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23g38;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#
11、23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23g55g48IEEE Std C37.234-2009 IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses Sponsor Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Po
12、wer their adequacy, complexity, strengths, and limitations with respect to a variety of bus arrangements are discussed; specific application guidelines are provided. Breaker failure protection is discussed as pertaining to bus protection. Means of securing bus protection schemes against corrupted re
13、lay input signals are also included. Keywords: breaker-and-a-half, breaker failure (BF) protection, breaker substitution, buses, check zone, CT saturation, current transformers, differential bus protection, double-bus double-breaker, double-bus single-breaker, dynamic bus replica, electric power sub
14、stations, high-impedance differential, main bus, partial differential, percentage differential, protective relaying, ring bus, single-bus single-breaker, stub bus, transfer bus, voltage trip supervision, zone-interlocked bus protection The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Pa
15、rk Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 6 November 2009. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy po
16、rtions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.234-2009, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses. Electric power system buses are points
17、 of common connection for source and load circuits. As such buses are essential in maintaining power system integrity. Unnecessary isolation of a power bus by its protection system can considerably alter topology of the power grid and, even without other contingencies, can lead to system stability p
18、roblems. Therefore the security of bus protection schemes is of paramount importance. At the same time the close proximity and connection of various power apparatus within the perimeter of a substation and its exposure to secondary effects of a short circuit require fast isolation of all bus faults.
19、 This document provides application guidelines for selecting and engineering bus protection schemes for a variety of bus configurations using several different protection philosophies to meet the requirements of security, dependability, and speed of operation. The guide reviews many typical bus conf
20、igurations and explains typical switching operations and their impact on the bus protection systems. This includes reconfigurable buses, such as double-bus single-breaker configuration, breaker substitution, main and transfer bus, etc., where the zones of protection change as the bus is switched, th
21、us requiring the bus protection system to adapt accordingly for optimum selectivity. The document reviews the most common bus protection schemes and presents their relative advantages given specific bus configuration and switching flexibility, as well as performance requirements for the protection s
22、ystem. This includes schemes ranging from differentially connected overcurrent relays to microprocessor-based differential schemes with dynamic zone selection. After reviewing relay input sourcescurrent transformers (CTs) , voltage transformers (VTs), and position sensing schemes for breakers and di
23、sconnect switchesthe guide elaborates on each bus protection method in more detail by examining the operating principle, providing general setting guidelines and listing general requirements for CTs. The document also discusses specific related bus protection application issues including, but not li
24、mited to, partial differential protection, applications with paralleled CTs, CT column ground fault protection, voltage trip supervision, dynamic bus selection for double-bus single-breaker buses, bus protection under a breaker substitution configuration, stub bus configuration or configuration with
25、 paralleled buses, breaker failure (BF) application for reconfigurable buses, and treatment of in-zone out-of-service elements that provide a ground path for short-circuit currents. A setting calculation example for a high-impedance bus differential scheme is given in Annex A. A protection logic des
26、ign example is provided in Annex B to illustrate concepts of dynamic zone selection, dynamic BF trip selection, protection during a breaker substitution configuration, or circuit transfer leading to paralleling multiple buses via disconnect switches, voltage trip supervision, and the check zone. The
27、 example has been developed for a double-bus single-breaker configuration, but these advanced bus protection concepts are applicable to any reconfigurable bus. iv Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable law
28、s and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standard
29、s, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws a
30、nd regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of I
31、EEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the curre
32、nt edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web sit
33、e at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all
34、 other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/
35、interp/ index.html. v Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken
36、 with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any lic
37、ensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of
38、such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power System Buses Working Group h
39、ad the following membership: Bogdan Kasztenny, Chair Stephen Conrad, Vice Chair Philip Beaumont Kenneth Behrendt Oscar Bolado John Boyle Gustavo Brunello John Burger Fernando Calero Simon Chano Gerald Dalke Albert Darlington Hyder DoCarmo Dominick Fontana Zoran Gajic Juergen Holbach Ljubomir Kojovic
40、 Federico Lopez Don Lukach David McGinn John Miller Pratap Mysore James M. OBrien Bruce Pickett Sam Sambasivan Gregory Sessler Veselin Skendzic Joshua Smith Damien Tholomier Michael Thompson Joe Uchiyama Don Ware Delbert Weers Roger Whittaker Richard Young Stanley Zocholl The following members of th
41、e individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven Alexanderson Gary Arntson Ali Al Awazi Radoslav Barac G. Bartok David Bassett Philip Beaumont Kenneth Behrendt Gabriel Benmouyal Steven Bezner Wallace B
42、inder Kenneth Birt Oscar Bolado Chris Brooks Gustavo Brunello John Burger William Byrd Arvind K. Chaudhary He Chun Stephen Conrad James Cornelison Luis Coronado Randall Crellin Hyder DoCarmo Kevin Donahoe Gary L. Donner Michael Dood Randall Dotson Neal Dowling Donald Dunn Ahmed Elneweihi Gary Engman
43、n Dominick Fontana Fredric Friend Jeffrey Gilbert Jalal Gohari James Graham Stephen Grier Randall Groves Ajit Gwal R. Haas Jeffrey Hauber Roger Hedding Hamidreza Heidarisafa Charles Henville Jerry Hohn David Horvath James Huddleston III Gerald Johnson James Jones Bogdan Kasztenny Tanuj Khandelwal Yu
44、ri Khersonsky James Kinney Joseph L. Koepfinger Boris Kogan Ljubomir Kojovic David W. Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Chung-Yiu Lam Raluca Lascu Albert Livshitz Federico Lopez G. Luri Bruce Mackie Vahid Madani Omar Mazzoni Walter McCannon Michael McDonald David McGinn Gary Michel Wade Midkiff Dean
45、 Miller Brian Mugalian Randolph Mullikin Jerry Murphy Pratap Mysore Bradley Nelson Rhonda Netzel Michael S. Newman Joe Nims Gary Nissen James M. OBrien Alexandre Parisot Russell Patterson Allan St. Peter Robert Pettigrew Bruce Pickett Ryland Revelle Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Steven Sano Bartien
46、 Sayogo Thomas Schossig Gregory Sessler Donald Sevcik Lubomir Sevov Gil Shultz Tarlochan Sidhu Veselin Skendzic Douglas Smith James E. Smith Jerry Smith Kevin Stephan Gary Stoedter Richard Taylor John Tengdin Damien Tholomier Michael Thompson Demetrios Tziouvaras Joe Uchiyama Eric Udren John Vergis
47、Ilia Voloh Jialong Wang Delbert Weers Roger Whittaker Thomas Wiedman Richard Young Luis Zambrano Karl Zimmerman vii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 11 September 2009, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Thomas Prevo
48、st, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary John Barr Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Richard DeBlasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C.
49、Petersen Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Howard L. Wolfman, TAB Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michelle Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Buses in various s
