1、IEEE Std C37.106-2003(Revision ofANSI/IEEE C37.106-1987)IEEE StandardsC37.106TMIEEE Guide for Abnormal FrequencyProtection for Power GeneratingPlantsPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA27 February 2004IEEE Power Engineeri
2、ng SocietySponsored by thePower System Relaying CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH95150PDF: SS95150IEEE Std C37.106-2003(R2009)(Revision ofANSI/IEEE C37.106-1987)IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for Power Generating PlantsSponsorPower System Relaying Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering S
3、ocietyApproved 16 June 2003Reaffirmed 19 March 2009IEEE-SA Standards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 27 February 2004
4、. Printed in the United States of America.Print:ISBN 0-7381-3732-4 SH95150PDF:ISBN 0-7381-3733-2 SS95150No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE thanks the International Elect
5、rotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce: Figure 1on page 44 from its International Standard IEC 60034-3 “Rotating electrical machinesPart 3: Specificrequirements for turbine-type synchronous machines,” 4th Ed. 1988-08. All such extracts are copyright ofIEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All
6、rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available fromwww.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contentsare reproduced by the author; nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or accuracy therein.Abstract:This guide has bee
7、n prepared to assist the protection engineer in applying relays for theprotection of generating plant equipment from damage caused by operation at abnormalfrequencies including overexcitation.Keywords: load shedding, overexcitation, overfrequency, underfrequencyIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed
8、within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of theIEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensusdevelopment process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing
9、varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the nal product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute andserve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in theconsensus development process, the IEEE does not independently eva
10、luate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of theinformation contained in its standards.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The IEEE disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other dam-age, of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, d
11、irectly or indirectly resultingfrom the publication, use of, or reliance upon this, or any other IEEE Standard document.The IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or content of the material contained herein, and expressly disclaimsany express or implied warranty, including any implied warra
12、nty of merchantability or tness for a specic purpose, or thatthe use of the material contained herein is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied “AS IS.”The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, mar
13、ket,or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at thetime a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art andcomments received from users of the standard. Every
14、IEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every ve years for revi-sion or reafrmation. When a document is more than ve years old and has not been reafrmed, it is reasonable to concludethat its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reect the present state of the art. Users are cau
15、tioned to checkto determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard.In publishing and making this document available, the IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other servicesfor, or on behalf of, any person or entity. Nor is the IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed
16、by any other person orentity to another. Any person utilizing this, and any other IEEE Standards document, should rely upon the advice of a com-petent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding th
17、e meaning of portions of standards as they relate to specicapplications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiate action to prepareappropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important to en
18、sure that anyinterpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of itssocieties and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previo
19、usly received formal consideration. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership afliation withIEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriatesupporting comments. Comme
20、nts on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by the Institute ofElectrical and El
21、ectronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to Copyright Clearance Center. Toarrange for payment of licensing fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any
22、individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is
23、taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patentsfor which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought
24、to its attention.ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.106-2003, IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequency Protection for PowerGenerating Plants.There are two major considerations associated with operating generating stations at abnormal frequen
25、cy:1) Protection of equipment from damage that could result from operation at abnormal frequency,and2) Prevention of a cascading effect that leads to a complete plant shutdown as long as limitingconditions are not reached during abnormal frequency operation.The major components of a plant that are a
26、ffected by abnormal frequency operation are the generator andunit step-up transformer, the turbine and/or compressor, and the station auxiliaries. The following majormodications have been brought up to the previous version of the guide (IEEE Std C37.106-1987):a) Addition of a denitions clause (Claus
27、e 3).b) Reference to the IEC standards (IEC 60034-1:1999 and IEC 60034-3:1996)aand their impact on thefrequency operation of generators in particular when they are applicable.c) Addition of a word of caution in subclause 1.1 (“Scope”) about the application of any time-fre-quency characteristic suppl
28、ied in the guide.d) Addition of a word of caution in subclause 1.1 (“Scope”) about the interpretation or application ofany clause originating from the referenced international standards.e) Removal of two turbine underfrequency relay schemes that have been evaluated as obsolete andreplacement by a pr
29、otection philosophy based on the use of modern multifunction generatorpackages.f) Addition of a new clause (Clause 8) on “System Wide Issues.”g) Addition of an informative annex (Annex B) on regional criteria.ParticipantsAt the time this guide was completed, the working group had the following membe
30、rship:Gabriel Benmouyal,ChairE. C. Fennell,Vice ChairaInformation on references can be found in Clause 2.Munnu BajpaiM. P. BaldwinL. BizeH. J. CandiaJ. D. GardellBob HaasJ. W. InglesonP. KumarC. J. MozinaMukesh NagpalRobert NewtonSubhash PatelAl PierceP. W. PowellM. S. SachdevM. N. SatyanarayanPete
31、SolanicsSahib UsmanDavid ViersL. C. WangW. P. WaudbyCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.vThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 16 June 2003,
32、it had the following membership:Don Wright,ChairHoward M. Frazier,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeAndrew IckowiczIEEE Standards Project E
33、ditorWilliam AckermanMunnu BajpaiGeorge BartokFarouk BaxterGabriel BenmouyalKenneth BirtDaniel BrosnanGustavo BrunelloSimon R. ChanoStephen ConradRatan DasRobert DempseyThomas DominClifford DownsPaul DrumWalter ElmoreAhmed ElneweihiA. T. GiulianteStephen GrierRoger HeddingJames D. Huddleston, III J.
34、 W. InglesonJoseph L. KoepngerDaniel LoveGregory LuriJesus MartinezThomas McCaffreyJeff McElrayGary MichelWilliam MindickGeorge NailGeorge ParrSubhash PatelRobert PettigrewRadhakrishna Rebbap-ragadaCharles RogersJames RuggieriM. S. SachdevTarlochan SidhuJames StonerJohn TengdinS. ThamilarasanDemetri
35、os TziouvarasGerald VaughnCharles WagnerW. P. WaudbyH. Stephen BergerJoe BruderBob DavisRichard DeBlasioJulian Forster*Toshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald M. HeirmanLaura HitchcockRichard H. HulettAnant JainLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepnger*Tom McGeanSteve MillsDaleep C. MohlaWil
36、liam J. MoylanPaul NikolichGary RobinsonMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. ThompsonDoug ToppingHoward L. WolfmanviCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview11.1 Scope12. References23. Definitions24. Generator-transformer abnormal frequency capabilities and protection.34.1 General backgro
37、und.34.2 Generator over/underfrequency capability44.3Generator and transformer overexcitation capability64.4 Generator-transformer volts per Hertz protection105. Turbine abnormal frequency capabilities.135.1 Turbine over/underfrequency capability135.2 Steam turbine over/underfrequency capabilities14
38、5.3Combustion turbine over/underfrequency capabilities155.4 Over/underfrequency capabilities of combined cycle units.165.5 Hydraulic turbine over/underfrequency capabilities175.6 Over/underfrequency operational limits for a steam turbine.176. Turbine abnormal frequency protection.186.1 Underfrequenc
39、y protection methods for steam turbines186.2 Load-shedding based underfrequency protection196.3Protective system philosophy and criteria.196.4 Turbine underfrequency protection relay schemes206.5 Combustion turbine underfrequency protection philosophy, relay settings, and guidelines.216.6 Underfrequ
40、ency protection considerations for combined-cycle generating units.227. Impact of abnormal frequencies on power plant auxiliaries227.1 Power plant auxiliariesunderfrequency considerations.227.2 Bus transfer issues237.3Nuclear plantsgeneral background.238. System-wide issues258.1 System natural respo
41、nse.258.2 Automatic generation control268.3Islanding and underfrequency load shedding268.4 Generator underfrequency tripping278.5 Regional criteria.27Annex A (informative) Bibliography.28Annex B (informative) Regional criteria.31Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for Abnormal Frequ
42、ency Protection for Power Generating Plants1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis guide has been prepared to assist the protection engineer in applying relays for the protection of gener-ating plant equipment from damage caused by operation at abnormal frequencies including overexcitation.Emphasis is placed on th
43、e protection of the major generating station components at fossil steam generatingstations, nuclear stations, and on combustion turbine installations. Consideration is also given to the effect ofabnormal frequency operation on those associated station auxiliaries whose response can affect plant outp
44、ut.The guide also presents background information regarding the hazards caused by operating generationequipment at abnormal frequencies. It documents typical equipment capabilities and describes acceptableprotective schemes. Underfrequency protection can be provided by either load shedding or a disc
45、rete under-frequency protective function. If both load shedding and a discrete protective function are used, then theymust be coordinated.It should be borne in mind that much of the information concerning the operation of turbines and generatorsat off-nominal frequency, very often, do not belong to
46、the public domain and may vary from one manufac-turer to another. In view of that situation, it is recommended that any piece of data presented in the guide asctitious, example or typical should be discussed with the equipment supplier in order to obtain the relevantand detailed information for a pa
47、rticular equipment or installation.Furthermore, when specications or clauses originating from international standards are presented and dis-cussed, it is by no means meant that these specications are automatically applicable. Verication should bemade with the manufacturer about which standards the e
48、quipment has been designed to comply with.When reference is made in the text to rated frequency, it is meant as 60 Hz or 50 Hz. When examples areprovided at the specic frequency of 60 Hz, they are also applicable to 50 Hz.IEEEStd C37.106-2003 IEEE GUIDE FOR ABNORMAL FREQUENCY2Copyright 2004 IEEE. Al
49、l rights reserved.2. ReferencesANSI C50.13-1989, American National Standard Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor SynchronousGenerators.1IEC 60034-1:1999, Rotating Electrical MachinesPart 1: Rating and Performance.2IEC 60034-3:1996, Rotating Electrical MachinesPart 3: Specic Requirements for Turbine-TypeSynchronous Machines.IEEE C37.102-1995 (R2001), IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection.3,4IEEE C57.12.00-2000, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power,and Regulating Transformers.3. DenitionsFor the purpose of this stan
