1、 IEEE Guide for Differential and Polarizing Relay Circuit Testing Sponsored by the Power System Relaying Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power and Energy Society IEEE Std C37.103-2015 (Revision of IEEE Std C37.103-2004) IEEE Std C37.103-2015 (Revision of IEEE Std C37.10
2、3-2004) IEEE Guide for Differential and Polarizing Relay Circuit Testing Sponsor Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 3 September 2015 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: The issues concerning testing and verification of the correctness of differential and pola
3、rizing circuits are described and discussed in this guide. The intention of this guide is to help the reader to detect errors in the wiring of protective relays that might cause erroneous operations of protection systems. It is essential to follow systematic testing procedures and record the observa
4、tions in a proper organized manner. The records should include documentation of all measurements and a comparison with the desired results. Keywords: differential protection, generator protection, IEEE C37.103, line protection, polarized ground fault relays, polarized line protection relays, relay t
5、esting, transformer protection The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 17 December 2015. Printed in the United States of Americ
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34、 such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Participants At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the Differential and Polarizing Relay Circuit Testing Working Group had th
35、e following membership: Gary Kobet, Chair Alex Lee, Vice Chair Rene Aguilar Jason Buneo Kernie Houser* Cara Hutcherson Gerald Johnson Meyer Kao Larry Oxford* Cristian Padararu Ryland Revelle Mark Schroeder Renee Stoll* Jian-Cheng Tan* Rene Tuballa*Corresponding member The following members of the in
36、dividual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Ali Al Awazi Jay Anderson Thomas Barnes Jeffrey Barsch Robert Beresh Martin Best Wallace Binder Chris Brooks Gustavo Brunello Paul Cardinal Stephen Conrad Randall Crellin Randall Cuni
37、co Alla Deronja Gary Donner Michael Dood Frank Gerleve Jalal Gohari Stephen Grier Randall Groves Ajit Gwal Roger Hedding Jerry Hohn James Kinney Gary Kobet Boris Kogan Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Chung-Yiu Lam Albert Livshitz Omar Mazzoni William McBride Jerry Murphy R. Murphy Edrin Murzaku Rhonda Ne
38、tzel Michael Newman James OBrien Subhash Patel Farnoosh Rahmatian Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Mohindar S. Sachdev Bartien Sayogo Thomas Schossig Jerry Smith Paul Sullivan Michael Swearingen Joe Uchiyama Eric Udren John Vergis John Wang Kenneth White Philip Winston When the IEEE-SA Standards Board
39、 approved this guide on 3 September 2015, it had the following membership: John D. Kulick, Chair Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Jean-Philippe Faure J. Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman Michael Jane
40、zic Member Emeritus Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Hung Ling Andrew Myles T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Stephen J. Shellhamer Adrian P. Stephens Yatin Trivedi Phillip Winston Don Wright Yu Yuan Daidi Zhong Copyright 2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii Introductio
41、n This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.103-2015, IEEE Guide for Differential and Polarizing Relay Circuit Testing. Errors in the wiring of connections to protective relays have caused erroneous operations of the associated protective schemes resulting in many serious power interruptions. In
42、 most cases, thorough testing would have discovered those incorrect connections. Ground relay polarizing and differential relay connections are the most troublesome and difficult to locate; therefore, this guide describes and discusses the issues concerning testing and verification of the correctnes
43、s of these circuits. This guide describes tests for helping to ensure correct differential and polarizing circuit connections. Relay calibration, setting, insulation, instrument transformer tests, etc., are also referred to in this guide, but it is assumed that the individual users have developed th
44、ese tests, and therefore they are not discussed in detail. Methods for testing differential and polarizing circuits have never really been defined by the manufacturers because a large variety of ways in which differential and polarized circuits are applied in relay systems. Consequently, utilities d
45、evelop their own testing techniques, which can vary widely depending on factors such as the availability of test switches, test gear, test philosophy, problems discovered in the past, and manpower. Good systematic testing should include systematic documentation of the tests and the test procedures.
46、This should include documentation of all measurements and a comparison with the desired results. Comments on the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are presented, and operating considerations for personnel and equipment are included. Since most of the circuit verification tests
47、 include passing current through either the current transformer primaries or secondaries, the voltage source to accomplish these tests varies. For primary testing that may include power transformer windings, the required source voltage will be substantial. For secondary testing, the source voltage m
48、ay be relatively low. For some of these circuit tests, variable voltages are needed. In each case, the source is identified and noted on the figure involved. Traditional electromechanical and solid-state differential relays made no provision for phase shifts in the transformers; the connections and
49、wiring had to be arranged so that the normal load currents flowing into the respective primary and secondary “restraint” windings were 180 out of phase. Further, some current transformer (CT) connections were not possible without the use of wye-delta auxiliary CTs or a zero- sequence trap (see IEEE Std C57.13.1). a, b, cElectromechanical and solid-state relays usually did not provide direct readout of the currents in the relays. In contrast, present microprocessor relays compensate for the transformer/CT connections and provide readouts from a front panel human-machine int
