1、IEEE Std 691-2001IEEE Standards691TMIEEE Guide for Transmission Structure Foundation Design and TestingPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA26 December 2001IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransmission and Dis
2、tribution Committeeand theAmerican Society of Civil EngineersSponsored by theTransmission Structure Foundation Design Standard CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94786PDF: SS94786The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the
3、Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 27 April 2001. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-1807-9 SH94786PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1808-7 SS94786No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or
4、 otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 691-2001 (R2007)IEEE Guide for TransmissionStructure Foundation Designand TestingSponsorTransmission and Distribution Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyandTransmission Structure Foundation Design Standard Committee
5、of theAmerican Society of Civil EngineersReaffirmed 26 September 2007Approved 6 December 2000IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: The design of foundation for conventional transmission line structures, which includelattice towers, single or multiple shaft poles, H-frame structures, and anchors for guyed
6、 structuresis presented in this guide.Keywords: anchor, foundation, guyed structures, H-frame structure, lattice tower, multiple shaftpole, single shaft pole, transmission line structureIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of theIE
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23、d or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 691-2001, IEEE Guide for Transmission Structure Foundation Design andTesting.)This desig
24、n guide is intended for the use of the practicing professional engineer engaged in the design offoundations for electrical transmission line structures. This guide is not to be used as a substitute for profes-sional engineering competency, nor is it to be considered as a rigid set of rules. Of all b
25、uilding materials, soilis the least uniform and most unpredictable; therefore, the methods described in this guide may not be theonly methods of design and analysis, nor may they be appropriate in all situations. Design and analysis mustbe based upon sound engineering principles and relevant experie
26、nce.This design guide is the result of a major effort to consolidate the results of published reports and data, ongo-ing research, and experience into a single document. It is also an outgrowth of the previously publishedefforts of a joint committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the
27、 Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers, which combined the knowledge, expertise, and experience of both organizations in thefield of transmission line structure foundation design. Electrical transmission line structures are uniquewhen compared with other structures, primarily in that no hu
28、man occupancy is involved and the loadingrequirements are different from other structure types. The primary loading of most conventional structuresor buildings is a dead load or sustained live load and lateral wind forces or seismic loads. The primary load-ing of a transmission line structure is cau
29、sed by meteorological loads, such as wind and ice, or combinationsthereof B68.1Under normal weather or operating conditions, the loads may be only a fraction of theultimate capacity of tangent structures, but the application of the design load is short term and sometimesviolent as nature unleashes i
30、ts fury. In addition, a finite probability exists that the design load could beexceeded.Foundations for transmission line structures are called on to resist loading conditions consisting of variouscombinations. Lattice tower foundations typically experience uplift or compression and horizontal shear
31、loads. H-frame structures experience combinations of uplift or compression and horizontal shear andmoment loads. Single pole structures experience horizontal shear loads and large overturning moments.Foundations for transmission structures must satisfy the same fundamental design criteria as those f
32、or anyother type of structureadequate strength and stability, tolerable deformation, and cost-effectiveness. Inaddition, transmission line structures may be constructed hundreds or thousands of times in a multitude ofsubsurface conditions encountered along the same route. Therefore, optimization and
33、 standardization forcost-effectiveness is highly desirable.This design guide addresses fundamental performance criteria and the design methods associated with trans-mission line structure modes of loading, much of which is not found in geotechnical engineering textbooks.Many alternative approaches c
34、an be used for the geotechnical design of foundations for transmission linestructures. It is the intent of this design guide to provide several approaches to the design of various founda-tion types that are consistent with the present state of geotechnical engineering practice. Where severalmethods
35、are presented for the design of a particular type of foundation, the design engineer should exercisesound engineering judgment in determining which method is most representative of the situation.1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.ivCopyright 2001 IEEE. All ri
36、ghts reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this guide was completed, the Foundation Design Standard Task Group of the Line DesignMethods Working Group; Towers, Poles, and Conductors Subcommittee; and Transmission and Distribu-tion Committee had the following membership:Anthony M. DiGioia, Jr.,IEEE Co-Cha
37、irAt the time this guide was completed, the Transmission Structure Foundation Design Standards Committeeof the ASCE had the following membership:Paul A. Tedesco,ASCE Co-ChairWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 6 December 2000, it had the followingmembership:Donald N. Heirman,C
38、hairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeAndrew D. IckowiczIEEE Standards Project EditorFred DeweyYen HuangJake Kramer Bob PetersPe
39、te TaylorWesley W. Allen, Jr.David R. BowmanKin Y. C. ChungSamuel P. ClemenceDennis J. FallonSafdar A. GillAdel M. HannaThomas O. KellerFred H. KulhawyS. Bruce LangnessRobert C. LathamEdwin B. Lawless IIIDonald D. OglesbyMarlyn G. SchepersWayne C. TengCharles H. TrautmannDale E. WelchRobert M. White
40、Harry S. WuSatish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepnger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRon
41、ald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.vContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 System design considerations 11.3 Other considerations 22. Loading and performance criteria 32.1 Loading 32.2 Foundation performance cri
42、teria and structure types. 53. Subsurface investigation and selection of geotechnical design parameters. 103.1 General. 103.2 Phases of investigation. 103.3 Types of boring samples 133.4 Soil and rock classification 153.5 Engineering properties. 184. Design of spread foundations. 234.1 Structural ap
43、plications . 234.2 Analysis 314.3 Traditional design methods 664.4 Construction considerations. 734.5 General foundation considerations 745. Design of drilled shaft and direct embedment foundations . 775.1 Types of foundations 775.2 Structural applications . 795.3 Drilled concrete shaft foundations.
44、 805.4 Direct embedment foundations 1105.5 Precast-prestressed, hollow concrete shafts and steel casings. 1135.6 Design and construction considerations. 1136. Design of pile foundations. 1156.1 Pile types and orientation. 1166.2 Pile stresses 1216.3 Pile capacity. 1226.4 Pile deterioration 1376.5 Co
45、nstruction considerations. 1397. Design of anchors 1397.1 Anchor types 1397.2 Anchor application. 1427.3 Design analysis 1447.4 Group effect . 1637.5 Grouts. 163viCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.7.6 Construction considerations. 1648. Load tests . 1678.1 Introduction 1678.2 Instrumentation 1
46、698.3 Scope of test program 170Annex A (informative) Bibliography 177Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for Transmission Structure Foundation Design and Testing1. Overview1.1 ScopeThe material presented in this design guide pertains to the design of foundations for conventional tra
47、nsmis-sion line structures, which include lattice towers, single or multiple shaft poles, H-frame structures, andanchors for guyed structures. It discusses the mode of loads that those structures impose on their foundationsand applicable foundation performance criteria. The design guide addresses su
48、bsurface investigations andthe design of foundations, such as spread foundations (footings), drilled shafts, direct embedded poles,driven piles, and anchors. The full-scale load testing of the above-listed foundation types is also presented.This design guide does not include the structural design of
49、 the foundations nor the design of the structure.Citations B51and B50 provide guidance for the design of lattice towers and tubular steel poles, respec-tively. The foundation engineer should have an understanding of the magnitudes and time-history of variousloading conditions imposed on the foundations in order to provide a suitable foundation to support the trans-mission line structures under the actual loading conditions that may be reasonably expected in actualservice.1.2 System design considerationsA transmission line is a system of interconnected elements,
